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Noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) with excellent catalytic activity and stability play an important role in the field of environmental governance. A uniform distribution and a strong binding force with the carriers of the noble metal nanoparticles are important, but avoidance of the use of additional reducing agents is a promising direction of research. Herein, 2D ultrathin surfactant-encapsulating polyoxometalate (SEP) nanosheets constructed by the self-assembly of dodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODA) and molybdophosphate (H3PMo12O40, PMo12) are designed to be versatile carriers for Ag nanoparticles. Under the synergistic effect of the well-arranged PMo12 units, encapsulating hydrophobic oleic acid (OA) and reductive molybdophosphate under Xe lamp irradiation, the silver oleate (AgOA)-derived Ag nanoparticles (5 ± 2 nm) are monodispersed on the DODA-PMo12 assemblies and form the Agx/DODA-PMo12 composite. The optimized Ag4.89/DODA-PMo12 composite exhibits high catalytic activity and stability in the degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), which reaches a superior rate constant of 6.49 × 10-3 s-1 and without significant deterioration after three recycles. This technique can be facilely promoted to other noble metal nanoparticles with excellent catalytic activity and stability.

Traditional herb couple Angelicae pubescentis radix (APR) and Notopterygii rhizoma et radix (NRR), composition of two traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, has been used clinically in China for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over years. APR and NRR contain coumarins and phenolic acids, which have been reported to have analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.The active ingredients combination (AIC) and potential therapeutic mechanism of APR and NRR (AN) herb couple remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the AIC and elucidate the underlying mechanism of AIC on RA.Firstly, a novel strategy of in vitro experiments, computational analysis, UPLC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-QQQ-MS was established to confirm the optimum ratio of AN herb couple samples and identified the AIC. Then, the anti-arthritis effects of the optimal herb couple and AIC were studied with Collagen II induced rheumatoid arthritis (CIA) rats in vivo. Finally, an integrated model of network pharmacology, metabolomics, gut microbiota analysis and biological techniques were applied to clarify the underlying mechanism through a comprehensive perspective.AN7:3 herb couple was regarded as the optimal ratio of AN herbal samples, and AIC was screened as osthole, columbianadin, notopterol, isoimperatorin, psoralen, xanthotoxin, bergapten, nodakenin and bergaptol respectively. Additionally, AIC exerted similar therapeutic effects as AN 7:3 in CIA rats. Moreover, AIC ameliorated RA might via regulating MAPK signaling pathway, altering metabolic disorders and gut microbiome involved autoimmunity.our findings provided scientific evidence to support that AIC of AN herb couple could be used as a prebiotic agent for RA. Importantly, this research provided a systematic and feasible strategy to optimize the proportion of medicinal materials and screen AIC from multi-component traditional Chinese herb couples or Chinese medicine formulae. Moreover, it provided a comprehensive perspective to discover AIC, clarify the overall effects and understand the mechanisms for natural products through the perspective of database and multi-omics integration.

Conversion-type binary cobalt–molybdenum oxides are rated as engineering lithium-ion battery (LIB) materials with high theoretical capacity. However, there exists an annoying issue regarding fast c...

Multi-dimensional nanomaterials have drawn great interest for application in supercapacitors due to their large accessible surface area. However, the achievements of superior rate capability and cycle stability are hindered by their intrinsic poor electronic/ionic conductivity and the erratic structure. Herein, we develop a three-dimensional hierarchical self-supported NiO/Co3O4@C/CoS2 hybrid electrode, in which NiO/Co3O4 nanosheets are in situ grown on a nickel foam substrate and combined with CoS2 nanospheres through a carbon medium. The hybrid electrode has a high specific capacity of ∼1025 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 with a superior rate performance of ∼74% capacity retention even at a current density of 30 A g−1. Moreover, the assembled NiO/Co3O4@C/CoS2//AC hybrid supercapacitor achieves excellent performance with a maximum voltage of 1.64 V and a high energy density of 62.83 W h kg−1 at a power density of 824.99 W kg−1 and excellent cycle stability performance with a capacity retention of ∼92% after 5000 cycles. The high electrochemical performance of the hybrid supercapacitor is mainly attributed to the porous structure of the NiO/Co3O4@C nanosheets and CoS2 nanospheres and intimate integration of active species. The rational strategy for the combination of various earth-abundant nanomaterials paves a new way for energy storage materials.

BACKGROUND Central sensitization plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of chronic pain induced by chronic pancreatitis (CP). We hypothesized that the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), a primary central site that integrates pancreatic afferents apart from the thoracic spinal dorsal horn, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity in a rat model of CP. AIM To investigate the role of the NTS in the visceral hypersensitivity induced by chronic pancreatitis. METHODS CP was induced by the intraductal injection of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats. Pancreatic hyperalgesia was assessed by referred somatic pain via von Frey filament assay. Neural activation of the NTS was indicated by immunohistochemical staining for Fos. Basic synaptic transmission within the NTS was assessed by electrophysiological recordings. Expression of vesicular glutamate transporters (VGluTs), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B (NR2B), and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subtype 1 (GluR1) was analyzed by immunoblotting. Membrane insertion of NR2B and GluR1 was evaluated by electron microscopy. The regulatory role of the NTS in visceral hypersensitivity was detected via pharmacological approach and chemogenetics in CP rats. RESULTS TNBS treatment significantly increased the number of Fos-expressing neurons within the caudal NTS. The excitatory synaptic transmission was substantially potentiated within the caudal NTS in CP rats (frequency: 5.87 ± 1.12 Hz in CP rats vs 2.55 ± 0.44 Hz in sham rats, P < 0.01; amplitude: 19.60 ± 1.39 pA in CP rats vs 14.71 ± 1.07 pA in sham rats; P < 0.01). CP rats showed upregulated expression of VGluT2, and increased phosphorylation and postsynaptic trafficking of NR2B and GluR1 within the caudal NTS. Blocking excitatory synaptic transmission via the AMPAR antagonist CNQX and the NMDAR antagonist AP-5 microinjection reversed visceral hypersensitivity in CP rats (abdominal withdraw threshold: 7.00 ± 1.02 g in CNQX group, 8.00 ± 0.81 g in AP-5 group and 1.10 ± 0.27 g in saline group, P < 0.001). Inhibiting the excitability of NTS neurons via chemogenetics also significantly attenuated pancreatic hyperalgesia (abdominal withdraw threshold: 13.67 ± 2.55 g in Gi group, 2.00 ± 1.37 g in Gq group, and 2.36 ± 0.67 g in mCherry group, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that enhanced excitatory transmission within the caudal NTS contributes to pancreatic pain and emphasize the NTS as a pivotal hub for the processing of pancreatic afferents, which provide novel insights into the central sensitization of painful CP.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent type of dementia. While acteoside (ACT), a compound isolated from Cistanche tubulosa, possesses neuroprotective properties. However, the underlying mechanism in regulating microglia polarization remains ill-defined. Methods: Herein, AlCl3-induced AD model in zebrafish larvae was applied to uncover the therapeutic efficacy of ACT. BV-2 cells were used to demonstrate the role of ACT on microglia polarization. RNA-Sequence, HPLC-Q-TOF-MS, western blot and molecular docking were combined to confirm its mechanism. Results: ACT significantly ameliorated the experimental dyskinesia and nervous system disorders in zebrafish. Subsequently, it suppressed M1 polarization and promoted to the M2 phenotype in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. We first demonstrated that ACT exerted profound transcriptomic impact, which involved regulation of key signaling pathways in inflammation, arginine biosynthesis, as well as pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, correlating with mitochondria function. ACT treatment reduced microglia M1 polarization by inhibiting the NF-κB signalling pathway. And the metabolic pathways were further confirmed by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS. In addition, ACT rectified excessive ROS to restore mitochondria function through AMPK-mediated PGC-1α and UCP-2 upregulation, consistent with metabolic changes. Intriguingly, ACT may directly bind to both NF-κB and AMPKα, as evidenced by molecular docking. Conclusions: The research provided an infusive mechanism of ACT and illustrated a new perspective based on mitochondrial dysfunction to reveal the connection between metabolism and microglia polarization.

Though high-capacitance transition metal oxides are considered as promising pseudocapacitive materials to achieve high-energy storage for supercapacitors, the practical capacitance is far from the theoretical values because of their intrinsic poor abilities about the electronic and ionic transports. Here, to tackle these problems, we develop a hybrid nanostructured electrode in a facile process, in which layer-structured δ-MnO2 nanosheets are anchored onto seamless three-dimensional Ni nanocylinder arrays. The resultant Ni/δ-MnO2 nanocylinder arrays exhibit high specific capacitance up to 883.2 Fg−1 at a scan rate of 10 mVs−1 and achieve high energy density about 108 Whkg−1 at a power of 2.4 kWkg−1. The improved electrochemical performance mainly benefits from the vertically aligned Ni/δ-MnO2 hybrid structure. Owing to such a hybrid structure the ion/electron transports are facilitated along the nanocylinders due to the reduction in the transport distance, and large accessible surface area is also provided for anchoring more high-capacitance materials. Moreover, the additional contact resistance can be dramatically reduced owing to the large interplanar spacing of δ-MnO2 and ordered semicoherent interface of Ni/δ-MnO2. Keywords: Supercapacitor, Hybrid electrode, Ni nanocylinder arrays, δ-MnO2, 3D nanostructure

A facile template-free one-step synthesis method of ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets was developed through thermal polycondensation of melamine. The higher temperature, prolonged time and tightly sealed crucible reaction system contributed to the formation of ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets. The as-synthesized g-C3N4 nanosheets were applied to the visible light photocatalytic degradation of RhB. The photocatalytic activity was significantly enhanced with increased calcination temperature from 500 °C to 650 °C and prolonged calcination time from 4 h to 10 h. Interestingly, the obtained ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets simultaneously possess high yield and excellent photocatalytic activity. Moreover, g-C3N4 nanosheets can maintain photochemical stability after five consecutive runs. The remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity can be interpreted as the synergistic effects of the enhanced crystallinity, the large surface area, the reduced layer thickness and size and the reduced number of defects. A new layer exfoliation and splitting mechanism of the formation of the ultrathin nanosheets was proposed. This work provides a new strategy to develop a facile eco-friendly template-free one-step synthesis method for potential large-scale synthesis of ultrathin nanosheets with high yield, high photocatalytic efficiency and stable activity for environmental and energetic applications.

Background: Binary metal oxides, such as spinel nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4), are attractive pseudocapacitive materials in electrochemical supercapacitors because they have higher theoretical capacitance than carbonaceous materials, and higher electronic conductivity than conventional monometal oxides. However, their practical pseudocapacitive performance is dramatically hindered by traditional electrode assembly technologies, through which extremely high internal resistances are generated at supplementary interfaces within nanostructured binary metal oxides and between binary metal oxides/current collector. Methods: Here, we develop polymer-binder-free hybrid electrodes by employing Ni nanotube arrays as 3D current collectors for the loading of electroactive NiCo2O4 nanosheets (Ni/NiCo2O4 nanotube array). Results: As a result of the remarkably enhanced electronic conductivity and ion diffusion, the Ni/NiCo2O4 nanotube array electrodes exhibit a specific capacitance of as high as ~753 F g-1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s-1 and rate performance, in addition to a long-term cycling stability. Conclusion: The outstanding performance makes the Ni/NiCo2O4 nanotube array to be an efficacious power source electrode in a wide range of applications.

To compare the differentially expressed proteins in mice with kidney-yang deficiency and those with kidney-yin deficiency induced by hydrocortisone, and explore the similar and different material bases of male infertility caused by the two types of kidney deficiency.Thirty Kunming mice were equally randomized into a normal control, a kidney-yang deficiency and a kidney-yin deficiency group. The animals of the normal control group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline at 0.2 ml qd for 7 days, while those of the latter two groups with hydrocortisone at 25 mg/kg/d for 10 days and 50 mg/kg/d for 7 days, respectively, for establishment of kidney-yang deficiency and kidney-yin deficiency models. Then the pathological changes in the testicular tissue of the mice were observed by HE staining and the differentially expressed proteins were compared among different groups using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and the bioinformatics method.Sod1 was found to be a reproduction-related node protein differentially expressed in the testis tissues of the two types of kidney-deficiency mice, more highly expressed in the kidney-yin than in the kidney-yang deficiency group (P0.05). Five reproduction-associated node proteins were co-expressed in the testes of the two groups of kidney-deficiency mice, with significantly up-regulated expression of Rps28 and down-regulated expressions of Rpl11, Rplp2, Svs2 and Svs3a (P0.01).Sod1 may be one of the key material bases for the differentiation of male infertility caused by kidney-yang deficiency from that induced by kidney-yin deficiency, while Rps28, Rpl11, Rplp2, Svs2 and Svs3a may be the common material bases of male infertility caused by the two types of kidney deficiency.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Osteoporosis (OP) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are common geriatric concurrent diseases, and many studies indicate the connection of their pathogenesis. Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight (CT) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine and has been extensively applied to treat OP and AD, respectively. However, the active ingredients for both concurrent diseases simultaneously and underlying mechanisms are limited. Aim of study This work aimed at establishing an effective and reliable network screening method to find dual-effects compounds in CT that can protect AD and OP concurrently. And it will provide new perspectives of the link between OP and AD on molecular mechanisms. Material and methods The dual-effects of CT were systematically analyzed with integrating multiple databases and extensive analysis at a network pharmacology level. Classified drug-target interaction network was constructed to reveal differences in effects between different types of compounds. To prove the effectiveness of this network, some compounds were selected to verify in Pre-induced OP model and AlCl3-induced AD model of zebrafish according to the topological parameters. Results 22 dual-effects active ingredients in CT were initially screened out via network pharmacology with a closely connection with 81 OP and AD-related targets. Classified network analysis found the better bioactivities of phenylethanoid glycosides and flavonoids. The dual-effects of four selected compounds demonstrated that the network is reasonable and effective, suggesting the dual-effects of the remaining 18 compounds. Moreover, we identified 9 putative targets and two pathways that were significantly related to OP and AD. Conclusions We successfully identified 22 dual-effects active components in CT. This systematic screening strategy provided a new protocol to objectively discover multi-effects compounds of traditional Chinese medicine, and even a macroscopic perspective that will improve our understanding of the link between OP and AD on molecular mechanisms.

Central sensitization plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of chronic pain induced by chronic pancreatitis (CP), but cortical modulation of painful CP remains elusive. This study was designed to examine the role of anterior insular cortex (aIC) in the pathogenesis of hyperalgesia in a rat model of CP. CP was induced by intraductal administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Abdomen hyperalgesia and anxiety were assessed by von Frey filament and open field tests, respectively. Two weeks after surgery, the activation of aIC was indicated by FOS immunohistochemical staining and electrophysiological recordings. Expressions of VGluT1, NMDAR subunit NR2B and AMPAR subunit GluR1 were analyzed by immunoblottings. The regulatory roles of aIC in hyperalgesia and pain-related anxiety were detected via pharmacological approach and chemogenetics in CP rats. Our results showed that TNBS treatment resulted in long-term hyperalgesia and anxiety-like behavior in rats. CP rats exhibited increased FOS expression and potentiated excitatory synaptic transmission within aIC. CP rats also showed up-regulated expression of VGluT1, and increased membrane trafficking and phosphorylation of NR2B and GluR1 within aIC. Blocking excitatory synaptic transmission significantly attenuated abdomen mechanical hyperalgesia. Specifically inhibiting the excitability of insular pyramidal cells reduced both abdomen hyperalgesia and pain-related anxiety. In conclusion, our findings emphasize a key role for aIC in hyperalgesia and anxiety of painful CP, providing a novel insight into cortical modulation of painful CP and shedding light on aIC as a potential target for neuromodulation interventions in the treatment of CP.

Two chiral bisferrocenyl-modified bis(acyl-thiourea) enantiomers, (1R,2R)-bis(ferrocenylcarbonylthioureido)cyclohexane (1) and (1S,2S)-bis(ferrocenylcarbonylthioureido)cyclohexane (2), were synthesized by the reactions of 2.2 equivalents of ferrocenoyl isothiocyanate with (1R,2R) and (1S,2S)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (1,2-DACH) via a nucleophilic addition reaction, respectively. The two new compounds were fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, UV-Vis, elemental analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) experiments of compounds 1 and 2 showed roughly similar single reversible redox waves when using nBu4NClO4 (TBAP) as the supporting electrolyte, whereas two CV and DPV waves were observed when using nBu4NBArF4 [ArF4 = 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]. Furthermore, both compounds 1 and 2 displayed potential antitumor activity against human HepG2 cells. When compounds 1 and 2 were crystallized from diethyl ether, the solvent-free enantiomers (1 and 2) were obtained, respectively. Molecules of both solvent-free enantiomers (1 and 2) assemble into a three-dimensional network structure through hydrogen-bonding and C–H⋯π (cyclopentadienyl rings) interactions. On the other hand, crystallization of compound 1 from benzene produced a benzene disolvate, 1·(C6H6)2. Molecules of the solvent-free and disolvated forms of compound 1 exhibit different molecular conformations and packing arrangements.

Recently, several defect control routes benefit the development of potassium ion batteries (PIBs) by significantly ameliorating K+ diffusion kinetic and volume expansion in the reaction. However, formation of defects in nanostructure always requires delicate control technology and high cost. In this work, biomass corn silk is applied to serve as inexpensive carbon precursor to fabricate porous carbon microstructure via hydrothermal treatment and one-step carbonization. Facile regulation of carbonization temperature not only adjusts the characteristic of pore structure, but also affects the degree of graphitization. Moreover, the residual N and O element are apt to be doped into the porous carbon structure, which can significantly promote the conductivity and reaction activity. An optimized annealing temperature of 750 °C endows such N, O dual-doped porous carbon (NOPC-750) structure with rich electrolyte accessible sites, high conductivity and suitable structure for rapid K+ diffusion. Employed as PIBs anode, NOPC-750 presents a high reversible capacity of 309.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and high rate performance (retain 105.8 mAh g−1 even at 20 A g−1). The in-depth electrochemical potassium storage mechanism is elaborated, which mainly relies on the capacitance-controlled (surface-driven) contribution, further revealing the rapid reaction kinetics.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Cistanche tubulosa is a precious traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease. Echinacoside and acteoside are the main active constituents in Cistanche tubulosa that have the pharmacological activities with research value. It has been reported that echinacoside and acteoside could improve the learning and memory ability, promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast. Aim of study Echinacoside and acteoside from Cistanche tubulosa have shown significant activities of anti-osteoporosis and anti-Alzheimer's disease, while these effects have not been studied concurrently in a rat model. The aim of this study was to establish and verify the model of osteoporosis combined with Alzheimer's disease in rat, and to investigate the double effects of echinacoside and acteoside on this concurrent model. Materials and methods Three model groups of ovariectomy (OVX), sham surgery with D-galactose and AlCl3 (D), ovariectomy with D-galactose and AlCl3 (OVX + D) were set at the same time. The rats in drug treatment groups were ovariectomized. While conducting the intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose and intragastric administration of AlCl3 in the rats of drug treatment groups, the rats were orally administered echinacoside (90 mg/kg/d), acteoside (90 mg/kg/d) and the positive control drugs of estradiol valerate (0.6 mg/kg/d), donepezil HCl (0.8 mg/kg/d), respectively. After the drug treatment of 8 weeks, Morris Water Maze (MWM) test for 6 days was firstly performed. The rats were then sacrificed to harvest the blood, uteri, femora, tibiae and brain tissues. The serum was used for biochemical tests. The uteri were used for histomorphometry. The right femora were used for Micro-CT and histomorphometry, respectively. The right tibiae were used for biomechanical test. The hippocampus collected on ice box was used for biochemical tests. The brain collected by perfusion was used for histomorphometry. Results Compared with Sham group, OVX + D group could significantly reduce the learning and memory ability by causing oxidative damage, impairing neurons in hippocampus and affecting the hydrolysis and synthesis of acetylcholine. Meanwhile, the activities of BALP and TRAP in OVX + D group increased significantly (P Conclusions The model of osteoporosis combined with Alzheimer's disease in rat was feasible and successfully established. Echinacoside and acteoside also showed some significant effects on this concurrent model, and they could be potential candidates from Cistanche tubulosa with double effects for further study.

To investigate the expression of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in the testis of the male mouse with kidney yin or kidney yang deficiency and its influence on the reproductive function of the mouse.We randomized 30 six-week-old male Kunming mice into three groups of equal number: kidney yang deficiency, kidney yin deficiency, and normal control, and established the models of kidney yang deficiency and kidney yin deficiency by peritoneal injection of hydrocortisone at 50 mg/kg for 5 days and 25 mg/kg for 10 days, respectively. We observed the behavioral changes of the mice using the elevated plus-maze, exhaustive swimming and field experiment, examined the semen quality with the automatic sperm quality analyzer, calculated the average number of the offspring, measured the serum testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) levels and T/E2 ratio by Roche electrochemiluminescence assay, and determined the localization and expression of GPER in the testis by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining.Compared with the mice with kidney yin deficiency, those with kidney yang deficiency showed remarkably fewer entries into the open arm and central area (P0.05) and shorter time of exhaustive swimming (P0.05), but no statistically significant difference in the time spent in the open arm or the central area (P0.05); the latter group also exhibited significant decreases in the epididymal sperm count (［7.27 ± 1.30］ vs ［3.05 ± 1.06］ ×108/g, P0.01), sperm motility (［54.15 ± 13.52］ vs ［51.57 ± 8.75］ %, P0.01) and average number of the offspring (6.46 vs 4.33, P0.05), a slight increase in the rate of morphologically abnormal sperm (［13.42 ± 2.32］ vs ［15.39 ± 2.48］ %, P0.05), and markedly reduced serum T (［24.96 ± 6.18］ vs ［16.72 ± 5.92］ ng/dl,P0.05), E2 (［19.81 ± 4.01］ vs ［15.24 ± 1.11］ pg/ml,P0.05) and T/E2 ratio (1.41 vs 1.25, P0.05). The expression of GPER was found in the cytoplasm of the Leydig cells, negative in the nuclei and cell membrane, significantly higher in the kidney yang than in the kidney yin deficiency group (P0.05).The numbers of sperm and offspring decreased while the percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm increased in both the kidney yang and kidney yin deficiency mice, even more significantly in the former, which might be associated with the up-regulated expression of GPER in the testis of the mouse with kidney yang deficiency and consequently the reduced serum T level and T/E2 ratio.目的: 探讨肾阴虚与肾阳虚雄性小鼠睾丸G-蛋白偶联雌激素受体 (GPER ) 的定位与表达，及其对肾阴虚与肾阳虚雄性小鼠生殖功能的影响。方法: 将6 周龄雄性昆明小鼠随机分为正常组、肾阳虚组和肾阴虚组。采用矿场实验、高架十字迷宫、游泳力竭等评价小鼠精神萎靡程度和自主活动次数等行为学改变；电化学发光法检测睾酮（T）和雌二醇 (E2)，并计算T/E2；全自动精子分析仪检测精液质量；与雌鼠合笼后记录雌鼠产仔数，计算雄鼠平均育仔数；免疫组织化学和免疫荧光染色检测GPER在小鼠睾丸中的定位和表达。结果: 与肾阴虚组比较，肾阳虚组小鼠开臂进入次数百分率和中央区进入次数明显减少，同时，游泳力竭时间缩短更为明显（P0.05），但开臂滞留和中央区滞留时间百分率无明显差异（P0.05）。与肾阴虚组比较，肾阳虚组小鼠附睾精子计数和活动精子百分率明显减少，且育仔数显著下降（P0.05）；精子畸形率略有升高（P0.05）；血清T水平明显降低（P0.05），E2水平略有下降（P0.05），T/E2 明显下降（P0.05）。肾阴虚和肾阳虚小鼠睾丸GPER均表达于睾丸间质细胞的细胞质内，细胞核和细胞膜表达为阴性，肾阳虚小鼠睾丸GPER的表达显著高于肾阴虚组（P0.05）。结论: 肾阳虚与肾阴虚小鼠均出现精子数量与育仔数下降，精子畸形率增加，但以肾阳虚小鼠更为明显，这种改变可能与肾阳虚小鼠睾丸GPER表达增加有关，从而造成血清T水平及T/E2比值下降。.

Transition-metal oxides as faradaic charge-storage intermediates sandwiched between conductor and electrolyte are key components to store/deliver high-density energy in microsupercapacitors for many applications in miniaturized portable electronics and microelectromechanical systems. While the conductor facilitating their electron transports, they generally suffer from a switch of rate-determining step to their sluggish redox reactions in pseudocapacitive energy storage, during which poor cation accessibility and diffusion leads to high internal resistances and lowers volumetric capacitance and rate performance. Here it is shown that the faradaic processes in a model system of MnO2 can be radically boosted by tuning crystallographic structures from cryptomelane (α-MnO2) to birnessite (δ-MnO2). As a result of greatly enhanced Na+ accessibility and diffusion, 3D layered crystalline δ-MnO2 microelectrodes exhibit volumetric capacitance as high as ≈922 F cm−3 (≈1.5-fold higher than α-MnO2, ≈617 F cm−3) and excellent rate performance. This enlists δ-MnO2 microsupercapacitor to deliver ultrahigh stack electrical powers (up to ≈295 W cm−3) while maintaining volumetric energy density much higher than that of thin-film lithium battery.

Nanostructured Bi–Bi2O2CO3–ZnO composites were successfully prepared through a facile one-step hydrothermal method. The composite was constructed by ZnO nanorods with a diameter of 30–40 nm embedded in Bi2O2CO3 platelets with a small quantity of Bi particles dispersed on the platelets, which further assembled into micron clusters. The photocatalytic performance of the composite was evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange and phenol under UV and visible light irradiation, respectively. The results revealed that the composites showed enhanced photocatalytic activity in comparison with either ZnO or Bi2O2CO3, and the Bi–Bi2O2CO3–ZnO photocatalyst with 20 mol% of Bi2O2CO3 exhibited the best photocatalytic efficiency. The reusability test explored the reliable stability and reusability for industrial applications, which was endowed by the special feature of nanostructured micron clusters. The superior photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the heterojunction interfaces and compound band gap structure which facilitated the separation of the photo-generated electrons and holes at the interface and promoted an effective charge transfer path. Additionally, the existing metal Bi also acted as electron traps to manifest a positive effect. The present study might give an insight into the design of novel heterostructured materials for the light harvesting related environment management and energy conversion applications.

To study the effect of Icariin on rat Leydig cells with TGF-β1-induced injury.We determined the optimal concentration of Icariin for protecting primarily cultured Leydig cells against TGF-β1-induced injury by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. We detected the effects of Icariin on the secretion of estradiol (E2) and activity of aromatase in the injured Leydig cells by radioimmunoassay and Tritium water release experiment and its effect on the gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) between the Leydig cells by fluorescence distribution after photobleaching.Different concentrations of Icariin showed different degrees of protective effect on the TGF-β1-treated Leydig cells, the effect observed at 20 μg/ml and at its optimum at 160 μg/ml. After treatment of the injured Leydig cells with Icariin at 160 μg/ml, significant improvement was observed in the E2 secretion and aromatase activity (P0.01) as well as in the GJIC between the Leydig cells (P0.01).Icariin can effectively protect rat Leydig cells against TGF-β1-induced injury, which is largely attributed to its effects of increasing E2 synthesis, enhancing aromatase activity, and improving GJIC between Leydig cells.目的： 研究淫羊藿苷（Icariin）对转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）诱导的大鼠睾丸间质细胞损伤的保护作用。方法： 利用4-甲偶氮唑蓝法筛选Icariin对TGF-β1诱导的间质细 胞损伤保护作用的最适浓度，用放射免疫法和3H释放实验检测Icariin作用前后损伤的间质细胞中雌激素（E2）含量和芳香化酶P450arom活性，采用荧光漂白后恢复实验检测 Icariin 对损伤 的间质细胞间缝隙连接通讯（GJIC)功能的影响。结果： 不同浓度 Icariin 均可提高 TGF-β1 作用后睾丸间质细胞的活细胞率，其中，20 μg/ml 时即可发挥作用，而160 μg/ml 时达到 最佳；用160 μg/ml浓度Icariin干预TGF-β1 损伤的睾丸间质细胞后，间质细胞中E2的生成和芳香化酶活性显著增加（P0.01），且间质细胞间的荧光恢复率也明显提高（P0.01）。结论 ： Icariin 可通过增加 E2合成有效阻止 TGF-β1 对间质细胞的损伤，这种影响可能通过部分上调雌激素合成的关键酶P450arom活性实现；且Icariin 还具有改善间质细胞间 GJIC 功能的 作用。.

This paper discusses a discrete delay Leslie dynamics system with feedback controls. We firstly obtain the permanence of the system. Assuming that the coefficients in the system are almost periodic positive sequences, we obtain the sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique almost periodic positive solution which is globally attractive. An example together with numerical simulation indicates the feasibility of the main result.

The smoothedl0norm algorithm is a reconstruction algorithm in compressive sensing based on approximate smoothedl0norm. It introduces a sequence of smoothed functions to approximate thel0norm and approaches the solution using the specific iteration process with the steepest method. In order to choose an appropriate sequence of smoothed function and solve the optimization problem effectively, we employ approximate hyperbolic tangent multiparameter function as the approximation to the big “steep nature” inl0norm. Simultaneously, we propose an algorithm based on minimizing a reweighted approximatel0norm in the null space of the measurement matrix. The unconstrained optimization involved is performed by using a modified quasi-Newton algorithm. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed algorithms yield improved signal reconstruction quality and performance.

Back propagation neural network(BP neural network) is a type of multi-layer feed forward network which spread positively, while the error spread backwardly. Since BP network has advantages in learning and storing the mapping between a large number of input and output layers without complex mathematical equations to describe the mapping relationship, it is most widely used. BP can iteratively compute the weight coefficients and thresholds of the network based on the training and back propagation of samples, which can minimize the error sum of squares of the network. Since the boundary of the computed tomography (CT) heart images is usually discontinuous, and it exist large changes in the volume and boundary of heart images, The conventional segmentation such as region growing and watershed algorithm can’t achieve satisfactory results. Meanwhile, there are large differences between the diastolic and systolic images. The conventional methods can’t accurately classify the two cases. In this paper, we introduced BP to handle the segmentation of heart images. We segmented a large amount of CT images artificially to obtain the samples, and the BP network was trained based on these samples. To acquire the appropriate BP network for the segmentation of heart images, we normalized the heart images, and extract the gray-level information of the heart. Then the boundary of the images was input into the network to compare the differences between the theoretical output and the actual output, and we reinput the errors into the BP network to modify the weight coefficients of layers. Through a large amount of training, the BP network tend to be stable, and the weight coefficients of layers can be determined, which means the relationship between the CT images and the boundary of heart.

Nanostructured transition-metal oxides can store high-density energy in fast surface redox reactions, but their poor conductivity causes remarkable reductions in the energy storage of most pseudocapacitors at high power delivery (fast charge/discharge rates). Here it is shown that electron-correlated oxide hybrid electrodes made of nanocrystalline vanadium sesquioxide and manganese dioxide with 3D and bicontinuous nanoporous architecture (NP V2O3/MnO2) have enhanced conductivity because of metallization of electron-correlated V2O3 skeleton via insulator-to-metal transition. The conductive V2O3 skeleton at ambient temperature enables fast electron and ion transports in the entire electrode and facilitates charge transfer at abundant V2O3/MnO2 interface. These merits significantly improve the pseudocapacitive behavior and rate capability of the constituent MnO2. Symmetric pseudocapacitors assembled with binder-free NP V2O3/MnO2 electrodes deliver ultrahigh electrical powers (up to ≈422 W cm23) while maintaining the high volumetric energy of thin-film lithium battery with excellent stability.

A simple and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection is developed and validated for the determination of 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin in rat plasma and comparative analysis of its pharmacokinetics after intragastric administration of 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin and three different decoctions of yinchenhao tang. The plasma samples are deproteinated with acetonitrile. The components are separated on a Kromasil C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 microm,) with methanol-1% acetic acid solution-tetrahydrofuran (30:63:7, v/v/v) as the mobile phase, and the UV detector is set at 340 nm. Coumarin is used as an internal standard. The linear calibration curve is obtained in the concentration range of 25-2500 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantitation of the method is 25 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precision are less than 12%, and the accuracy determined with relative error ranges from -2.9% to 1.7%. The data obtained from rat plasma are analyzed with Topfit 2.0 Pharmacokinetic Software. With pharmacokinetic analysis, the main parameters after intragastric administration of 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae decoction, Artemisiae Scopariae decoction plus Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Fructus Gardeniae decoction, yinchenhao tang are as follows: T(1/2) is 0.29, 1.30, 1.07, and 1.75 h, AUC(-->t) is 919.1, 1215.0, 2035.3, and 2537.9 ng-h/mL, AU(0-->) is 928.5, 1325.9, 2094.4, and 2612.6 ng x h/ mL, respectively.

The interaction of gallium(III) with the ligands containing phenolic group(s), such as salicylic acid, 8-hydroxyquinoline, N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid (HBED), N,N′-ethylenebis[2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)glycine (EHPG), and ovotransferrin, was studied, respectively, by means of fluorescence in 0.01 mol/L Hepes at pH 7.4 and room temperature. Fluorescence intensity showed an increase when gallium(III) was bound to 8-hydroxyquinoline and HBED. In contrast, it was decreased with the interaction of gallium(III) with salicylic acid and EHPG. At pH 7.4, there was N···HO type intramolecular hydrogen bond in the former, and the latter existed O···HO type intramolecular hydrogen bond. Fluorescence titration of apoovotransferrin with gallium(III) displayed that the fluorescence intensity was decreased at the N-terminal binding site, while enhanced at the C-terminal binding site. It can account for the O···HO type intramolecular hydrogen bonds for the phenolic groups of Tyr92 and Tyr191 residues at the N-terminal binding site. And there are N···HO type intramolecular hydrogen bonds for Tyr431 and Tyr524 residues at the C-terminal binding site. In addition, under the same conditions, the conditional binding constant of gallium(III) with EHPG or HBED determined by fluorescence method is lg KGa-EHPG=19.18 or lg KGa-HBED=19.08.

Transition-metal oxides show genuine potential in replacing state-of-the-art carbonaceous anode materials in lithium- or sodium-ion batteries because of their much higher theoretical capacity. However, they usually undergo massive volume change, which leads to numerous problems in both material and electrode levels, such as material pulverization, instable solid-electrolyte interphase, and electrode failure. Here, it is demonstrated that lithium-ion breathable hybrid electrodes with 3D architecture tackle all these problems, using a typical conversion-type transition-metal oxide, Fe3O4, of which nanoparticles are anchored onto 3D current collectors of Ni nanotube arrays (NTAs) and encapsulated by δ-MnO2 layers (Ni/Fe3O4@MnO2). The δ-MnO2 layers reversibly switch lithium insertion/extraction of internal Fe3O4 nanoparticles and protect them against pulverizing and detaching from NTA current collectors, securing exceptional integrity retention and efficient ion/electron transport. The Ni/Fe3O4@MnO2 electrodes exhibit superior cyclability and high-capacity lithium storage (retaining ≈1450 mAh g−1, ≈96% of initial value at 1 C rate after 1000 cycles).

Nanoarchitectured electroactive materials can boost rates of Li insertion/extraction, showing genuine potential to increase power output of Li-ion batteries. However, electrodes assembled with low-dimensional nanostructured transition metal oxides by conventional approach suffer from dramatic reductions in energy capacities owing to sluggish ion and electron transport kinetics. Here we report that flexible bulk electrodes, made of three-dimensional bicontinuous nanoporous Cu/MnO2 hybrid and seamlessly integrated with Cu solid current collector, substantially optimizes Li storage behavior of the constituent MnO2. As a result of the unique integration of solid/nanoporous hybrid architecture that simultaneously enhances the electron transport of MnO2, facilitates fast ion diffusion and accommodates large volume changes on Li insertion/extraction of MnO2, the supported MnO2 exhibits a stable capacity of as high as ~1100 mA h g−1 for 1000 cycles and ultrahigh charge/discharge rates. It makes the environmentally friendly and low-cost electrode as a promising anode for high-performance Li-ion battery applications.

To investigate the status on health-related knowledge and skills among the college students.5070 Chinese students from 28 universities or colleges were sampled, using the multiple-stage stratified, purposive and convenient mixed sampling method. A cross-sectional investigation on health literacy was conducted with self-designed questionnaire, and SPSS 13.0 was used to statistically analyze the data.The average scores on health-related related knowledge and skills among the subjects was 74.139 ± 12.0223, with 38.4% on basic health- related literacy (scores ≥ 80). The rate (1.1%) of passing the margin line set for the awareness on chronic disease prevention appeared to be the lowest. And there noticed significant differences (P0.05) in different regions, types, and genders on the basic health-related knowledge and skills as well as on the prevalence rates of total and each dimensional health-related literacy among universities and colleges. Regions and types of universities and colleges were the main influencing factors on the levels of health-related knowledge and skills among the college students.The prevalence of basic health-related knowledge and skills was low and the prevalence rates of health-related knowledge and skills were differently distributed among student populations under study.

At present, some deficiencies exist in the methods using to appraising enterprise performance. And there are the problems of efficiency and reliability in learning conditional Bayesian network. In this paper, a conditional Bayesian network structure is established by using sorting nodes and local search & scoring. And a conditional Bayesian network is combined with a naive Bayes classifier to form a conditional Bayesian network mix classifier. The classifier is used in appraising enterprise performance to make evaluation more science.

The finite ridgelet transform proposed by Donoho has successful application in edge detection and segmentation of images with high-noise, but it has a drawback which is due to annoying "wrap-around" effect to the finite Radon transform. As a result, it may also produce "alias" edges and "holes" in the reconstructed image. In this paper, we present a new finite ridgelet transform based on the "natural straight line", which can overcome the above drawback and implement the inverse discrete Radon transform. At the last, we employ the proposed algorithm for segmenting the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image and obtain satisfied segmentation result

A new adaptive contourlet transform-based technique for SAR image speckles removal is presented. It relies on realistic distribution of the SAR image's contourlet coefficients that represent mainly speckle noise on one hand and those that represent the useful signals corrupted on the other hand. The analytic model for these distributions is proposed. The shrinkage factor for despeckling is estimated at neighbourhood of the reference contourlet coefficient in each sub bands. Finally, a comparison of performance of Lee filter, Forster filter, Gamma filter, wavelet-based despeckling and contourlet transform-based despeckling is provided for both simulated and actual SAR images. It shows that the contourlet methods strongly suppress speckle, while preserving image details and sharpness