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Diagnosis of pediatric paragonimiasis is difficult because of its non-specific clinical manifestations. We retrospectively reviewed the records of pediatric paragonimiasis in Children’s Hospital of Fudan University from January 2011 to May 2019. The confirmed diagnosis of paragonimiasis was based on positive anti-parasite serological tests from the local Center for Disease Control (CDC). A total of 11 patients (mean age: 7.7 ± 3.1, male–female ratio: 7:4) diagnosed as paragonimiasis were included. 81.8% were from endemic areas such as Sichuan and Yunnan, and 36% had a clear history of raw crab or crayfish consumption. The characteristic clinical features of pediatric paragonimiasis were eosinophilia (100%), pleural effusion (81.8%), hepatomegaly (54.5%), ascites (54.5%), and subcutaneous nodules (45.5%). Misdiagnosed with other diseases including tuberculosis (18.2%), pneumonia (9.1%), intracranial space-occupying lesions (9.1%) and brain abcess (9.1%) led to rehospitalization and prolonged hospitalization. For treatment, a 3-day course of 150 mg/kg praziquantel (PZQ) didn’t show ideal treatment effectivity and 63.6% needed more than one course of PZQ, while triclabendazole in a total dose of 10 mg/kg had a better efficacy to stubborn manifestations. This study indicated that pediatric paragonimiasis was often misdiagnosed, and the treatment with a 3-day course of 150 mg/kg PZQ had a high rate of failure.

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Facial expression recognition (FER) plays a crucial role in human-computer interaction and is a challenging task due to the drastic face appearance variations across head poses. In order to classify different expressions under arbitrary poses, in this paper, we utilize an end-to-end encoder-decoder network by leveraging both 2D and 3D modalities for simultaneous facial expression recognition and 3D Morphable Model (3DMM) expression part reconstruction. Specifically, an encoder regresses expression representations from 2D images, and a decoder recovers 3DMM expression parts from corresponding expression representations. These two components are trained jointly with an expression classification loss being explicitly enforced over expression representations. For handling lack of non-frontal views in FER databases, we also generate the profile views of face image with out-of-plane rotation. Finally, the learned expression representations are desirably discriminative, generative and robust to pose variations. Within extended CK+ and Oulu-CASIA database, our proposed method outperforms ExpNet by 34.20% and 30.56% respectively, demonstrating the superiority of the proposed method.

Porphyrin-based compounds has been the subject of recent investigations for their chemical and biological properties. A variety of chemical modifications have been introduced in the porphyrin skeleton to improve the diversity, stability, and selectivity for porphyrin-based compounds. This review provides an update on a variety of porphyrin-based compounds and highlights new developments in porphyrin-based structural modification, with a specific emphasis on their recent roles in organic solar cells, porphyrin-based functional devices, and for cancer treatment.

The spectrophotometric titration by sodium hydroxide of 5,10,15-triphenyl-20-(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin ((OH)(1)PH(2)) is studied as a function of solvent composition of DMF-H(2)O binary solvent mixture ([OH(-)]=0.04 M). Combining the structure changes of the porphyrin and the "four orbital" model of Gouterman, many features of the optical spectra of this deprotonated para-hydroxy-substituted tetraphenylporphyrin in different composition of binary solvent mixtures can be rationalized. In highly aqueous solvents, the changes of the titration curves are shown to be mainly due to hydrogen-bonding of the oxygen of the phenoxide anion group by the hydroxylic solvent, Which decreases the energy of the phenoxide anion pi orbital. Thus the phenoxide anion pi orbital cannot cross over the porphyrin pi orbital being a different HOMO. However, its energy is close to that of the porphyrin pi orbitals. As a result, in the visible region, no charge-transfer band is observed, while in the visible-near region, the Soret peak split into two components. In nonaqueous solvents, the changes are mainly attributed to further deprotonation of pyrrolic-Hs of (OH)(1)PH(2) by NaOH and coordination with two sodium ions to form the sodium complex of (OH)(1)PH(2), which turns hyperporphyrin spectra of deprotonated of phenolic-H of (OH)(1)PH(2) into three-banded spectra of regular metalloporphyrin.

A porphyrin dimer was prepared by coupling H2MHTPP and 1,4-dichloro-2,5-dinitrobenzene in a one-step synthesis. Its structure was established by a MALDI-TOF mass spectrum and its electrochemical and photochemical properties were investigated. Surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) revealed that the porphyrin dimer is a p-type semiconductor.

A one-step method was used to synthesize five hydroxylphenylporphyrin monomers with different structures [R.G. Little, J. Heterocyclic Chem. 18 (1981) 129]. They were confirmed by means of different spectroscopic analysis methods. The effects of the number and the position of the peripheral hydroxylphenyl groups of the porphyrin ring and solvents on their fluorescence spectra were discussed according to the change of the UV spectra. It was found that the fluorescence intensity was enhanced with an increase in the number of the peripheral hydroxylphenyl groups of the porphyrin ring. It was also found that the fluorescence intensity at 430 nm was very weak for tetrahydroxylphenylporphyrin (TPP) and tetraphenylporphyrin (5). This phenomenon is related to the structural symmetry. The red shift of the fluorescence spectra in polar solvent DMF relative to that in CH2Cl2 can be explained on the basis of the effect of solvation. The fluorescence intensity of hydroxylphenylporphyrin 2 in DMF at 430 nm is much stronger than that in CH2Cl2. The surface photovoltaic property of TPP and hydroxylphenylporphyrins 1–5 was studied by means of surface photovoltage spectra (SPS) and field induced surface photovoltage spectra (FISPS), which reveals that all the hydroxylphenylporphyrin are P-type semiconductors. The SPV spectral bands of all the hydroxylphenylporphyrins correspond to the π → π* transition. The SPS was similar to the UV–Vis spectra. It has also been found that the stronger the fluorescence intensity is, the weaker the surface photovoltage intensity is. For all the hydroxylphenylporphyrins and TPP, the surface photovoltage (SPV) of TPP is the weakest, that of hydroxylphenylporphyrin 1 is the strongest, then the SPV of the other hydroxylphenylporphyrins are gradually weakened with an increase in the number of the peripheral hydroxylphenyl groups of the porphyrin ring. This result indicates that controlling the number and position of the peripheral hydroxylphenyl substituting groups of the porphyrin ring and using different solvents could obtain the porphyrins with different electro-optical properties.

The degeneration of energy level of α, β, γ, δ-tetrahydroxylphenylporphyrin (THPP) and red shift of the photovoltage peaks of THPP are observed as the size of nano-TiO2 decreasing using surface photovoltage (SPV) technique, while that of α, β, γ, δ-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) have little change. The reason for that is the existence of hydroxyls of THPP, which interact with the surface of nano-TiO2. This difference was also demonstrated by IR spectrum.

Sequentially spectrophotometric titrations by sodium hydroxide of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives bearing one, two, three, or four p-hydroxyl groups result in new types of spectra. The strong new bands appear in the visible region with splitting or broadening of the Soret band and its significant loss of oscillator strength. To understand the molecular origin of these phenomena, the Resonance Raman (RR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) experiments are carried out. The results demonstrate that the charges of the deprotonated para-hydroxy substituted meso-tetraphenylporphyrins are localized on the substituents, not delocalized into the π system of the porphyrin macrocycles and that the ground states of the macrocycles remain essentially unperturbed. Both the related behavior of diprotonated tetrakis(p-(dimethylamino)phenyl) porphyrin and protonated Schiff base porphyrins show that the new bands considered as hyperporphyrin spectra are due to π(phenoxide anion) → π*(porphyrin) transitions, where π...

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease that occurs mainly in children, and hepatic involvement is generally a poor prognostic factor. To describe CT and MRI findings of hepatic involvement of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children, especially the abnormal bile duct manifestation on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). Thirteen children (seven boys, six girls; mean age 28.9 months) were diagnosed with disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis. They underwent CT (n = 5) or MRI (n = 4), or CT and MRI examinations (n = 4) to evaluate the liver involvement. Periportal abnormalities presented as band-like or nodular lesions on CT and MRI in all 13 children. The hepatic parenchymal lesions were found in the peripheral regions of the liver in seven children, including multiple nodules on MRI (n = 6), and cystic-like lesions on CT and MRI (n = 3). In 11 of the 13 children the dilatations of the bile ducts were observed on CT and MRI. Eight of the 13 children underwent MR cholangiopancreatography, which demonstrated stenoses or segmental stenoses with slight dilatation of the central bile ducts, including the common hepatic duct and its first-order branches. The peripheral bile ducts in these children showed segmental dilatations and stenoses. Stenosis of the central bile ducts revealed by MR cholangiopancreatography was the most significant finding of liver involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children.

Sequential deprotonations of meso-(p-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrins (p-OHTPPH2) in DMF + H2O (V/V = 1:1) mixture have been verified to result in the appearance of hyperporphyrin spectra. However, when the deprotonations of these p-OHTPPH2 are carried out in DMF, the spectral changes differ considerably from those in the mixture mentioned above. At low [OH-], the optical spectra in the visible region are still considered to have characteristics of hyperporphyrin spectra. Further deprotonation at much higher basicity makes the optical spectra form three-banded spectra similar to those in the acidic solution. To clarify the molecular origins of these changes, UV-vis, resonance Raman (RR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) experiments are carried out. Our data give evidence that p-OHTPPH2 in DMF can be further deprotonated of pyrrolic-H by higher concentrated NaOH, due to an aprotic medium like DMF effectively weakening the basicity of the porphyrin relative to that of the NaOH, and coordinates with two sodium ions (except the sodium ions that interact with the peripherial phenoxide anions) to form the sodium complexes of p-OHTPPH2 (Na2P, to lay a strong emphasis on the sodium ions that coordinate with the central nitrogen atom), which can be regarded as the porphyrin anions being perturbed by the sodium cations due to their highly ionic character. The negative centers generated by deprotonation of pyrrolic-H and phenolic-H are not thoroughly delocalized between the substituents and the porphyrin ring. Thus the negative centers generated by deprotonation of pyrrolic-H only act as electron-donating groups on the porphyrin pi system, and the negative charges of the phenoxide anion are also mainly localized on the peripheral substituents. As a result, the porphyrin pi orbitals cross over the phenoxide anion pi orbital and turn into HOMOs, which turns hyperporphyrin spectra of deprotonated phenolic-H of p-OHTPPH2 into three-banded spectra of regular metalloporphyrins.

The nonlinear refraction index n2 and the reverse saturation absorption (RSA) coefficient β of a series of hydroxylphenyl porphyrin have been measured using single beam Z-scan technique with a 8 ns laser pulse at 532nm and the third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) of the samples are calculated. It is seen that a series of hydroxylphenyl porphyrin have large value of the reverse saturation absorption and cubic nonlinear refraction. The effects of molecular structures on the third-order nonlinear optical properties were discussed. Experimental results show that the effects of different numbers and different positions of substituent to the nonlinear refraction of porphyrin are evident.© (2006) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.