243 results on '"Yinzhong Shen"'
Search Results
2. Antiretroviral therapy-naïve people living with HIV tend to have more severe symptoms of COVID-19
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Jinfeng Sun, Rui Jiang, Yueming Shao, Jingjing Hu, Zhihang Zheng, Luling Wu, Li Liu, Junyang Yang, Yinzhong Shen, Renfang Zhang, Tangkai Qi, Jianjun Sun, Zhenyan Wang, Yang Tang, Wei Song, Shuibao Xu, Bihe Zhao, Jun Chen, and Yanjie Yin
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Medicine - Published
- 2023
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3. Thalidomide for Recurrence of Symptoms following HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis
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Tangkai Qi, Fang Chen, Siyue Ma, Renfang Zhang, Li Liu, Zhenyan Wang, Yang Tang, Wei Song, Jianjun Sun, Junyang Yang, Shuibao Xu, Bihe Zhao, Yinzhong Shen, and Jun Chen
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HIV ,Cryptococcal meningitis ,Recurrence of symptom ,Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome ,Thalidomide ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a serious and fatal fungal infection that affects individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite treatment, recurrence of symptoms is common and could lead to poor outcomes. Corticosteroids are not always useful in treating symptom recurrence following HIV/CM; thus, alternative therapy is needed. Thalidomide has been reported to be effective in treating symptom recurrence in several patients with HIV/CM. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of thalidomide in the treatment of symptom recurrence following HIV/CM. Methods Patients who were treated with thalidomide for symptom recurrence following HIV/CM were retrospectively included. Clinical outcomes and adverse events were recorded and analyzed. Results Sixteen patients admitted between July 2018 and September 2020 were included in the analysis. During a median follow-up period of 295 (166, 419) days, all patients achieved clinical improvement in a median of 7 (4, 20) days. Among them, nine (56%) achieved complete resolution of symptoms at a median of 187 (131, 253) days, including 40% (2/5) of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), 50% (3/6) of patients with elevated ICP only, and 80% (4/5) of patients with symptoms only. Seven (43%) patients experienced nine episodes of adverse events, but no severe adverse event attributable to thalidomide was observed. None of the patients withdrew from thalidomide due to adverse events. Conclusion Thalidomide appears to be effective and safe in treating different types of symptom recurrence in HIV/CM. This study provides preliminary evidence supporting future randomized clinical trials to further investigate the efficacy and safety of thalidomide in treating symptom recurrence in this population.
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- 2023
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4. Trends in and Risk Factors for Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Patients
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Xiaoqin Le, Xueqin Qian, Li Liu, Jianjun Sun, Wei Song, Tangkai Qi, Zhenyan Wang, Yang Tang, Shuibao Xu, Junyang Yang, Jiangrong Wang, Jun Chen, Renfang Zhang, Zhaoqin Zhu, and Yinzhong Shen
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HIV ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,quinolone ,rifampicin ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Trends in and risk factors for drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with active tuberculosis were analyzed. The clinical data of M. tuberculosis and HIV-coinfected patients treated at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center between 2010 and 2022 were collected. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed by solid or liquid culture. The phenotypic drug susceptibility test was carried out via the proportional method, and the resistance to first-line and second-line drugs was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify associated risk factors for drug resistance in M. tuberculosis. Of the 304 patients with a M. tuberculosis-positive culture and first-line drug susceptibility test results, 114 (37.5%) were resistant to at least one first-line anti-tuberculosis drug. Of the 93 patients with first-line and second-line drug susceptibility test results, 40 (43%) were resistant to at least one anti-tuberculosis drug, and 20 (21.5%), 27 (29.0%), 19 (20.4%), 16 (17.2%), and 14 (15.1%) were resistant to rifampicin, streptomycin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin, respectively; 17 patients (18.3%) had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Between 2010 and 2021, the rate of resistance to streptomycin and rifampicin ranged from 14.3% to 40.0% and from 8.0% to 26.3%, respectively, showing an increasing trend year by year. From 2016 to 2021, the rate of resistance to quinolones fluctuated between 7.7% and 27.8%, exhibiting an overall upward trend. Logistic regression analysis showed that being aged p = 0.023; RR 7.734, p = 0.047; RR 3.733, p = 0.009). Retreatment tuberculosis was a risk factor for resistance to rifampicin, ofloxacin, of levofloxacin (RR 2.984, p = 0.047; RR 4.517, p = 0.038; RR 6.277, p = 0.014). The drug resistance rates of M. tuberculosis to rifampicin and to quinolones in HIV/AIDS patients were high and have been increasing year by year. Age and a history of previous anti-tuberculosis treatment were the main factors associated with the development of drug resistance in HIV/AIDS patients with tuberculosis.
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- 2024
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5. Advances in Antiretroviral Therapy for Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Tuberculosis
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Xiaoqin Le and Yinzhong Shen
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antiretroviral therapy ,HIV infection ,tuberculosis ,immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the most common opportunistic infections and a prominent cause of death in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, in spite of near-universal access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and tuberculosis preventive therapy. For patients with active tuberculosis but not yet receiving ART, starting ART after anti-tuberculosis treatment can complicate clinical management due to drug toxicities, drug–drug interactions and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) events. The timing of ART initiation has a crucial impact on treatment outcomes, especially for patients with tuberculous meningitis. The principles of ART in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis are specific and relatively complex in comparison to patients with other opportunistic infections or cancers. In this review, we summarize the current progress in the timing of ART initiation, ART regimens, drug–drug interactions between anti-tuberculosis and antiretroviral agents, and IRIS.
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- 2024
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6. Survival and prognostic factors of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in people living with HIV in modern ART era
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Rui Jiang, Zichen Song, Li Liu, Xue Mei, Jianjun Sun, Tangkai Qi, Zhenyan Wang, Wei Song, Yang Tang, Junyang Yang, Shuibao Xu, Bihe Zhao, Yinzhong Shen, Renfang Zhang, and Jun Chen
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HIV/AIDS ,progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ,survival rate ,prognostic factor ,polyoma virus ,HIV/AIDS-related neurological disorders ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
BackgroundThe incidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in people living with HIV (PLWH) is 2%-4%. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PML in PLWH, resulting in a mortality of up to 50%. This study aimed to identify risk factors of death and prognostic markers in people living with HIV with PML.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of AIDS-related PML individuals was conducted from January 1, 2015, to October 1, 2022, in Shanghai, China. PLWH who were diagnosed with PML for the first time were included. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression were used to analyze the survival and its predictors. Levels of inflammatory markers and immune checkpoint inhibitors in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured in the prestored samples using bead-based multiplex assay Indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase was determined using ELISA.ResultsTwenty of 71 subjects had initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) before PML onset and no patients discontinued ART during this period. In total, 34 patients (47.9%) had opportunistic infections (OIs), the median CD4+ T cell count was 73.0 (33.0-149.0) cells/μL. The estimated probability of survival at six months was 78% (95% confidential intervals [CIs]:0.63-0.85). OIs, low CD4+ T cell count were associated with lower estimated six-month survival (hazard ratio 8.01, 95% CIs: 1.80-35.00, P=0.006 and 5.01, 95% CIs:1.57-16.03, p=0.007). Indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in CSF of non-survivors group were higher than survivors group (p
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- 2023
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7. Multi-dimensional mismatch and barriers for promoting PrEP among men who have sex with men in China: a cross sectional survey from the Demand-side
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Yuan Guan, Tangkai Qi, Qibin Liao, Renfang Zhang, Jun Chen, Li Liu, Yinzhong Shen, Han Zhu, Qi Tang, and Hongzhou Lu
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PrEP ,MSM ,HIV ,Risk behaviors ,HIV prevention ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Abstract Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) is a key population for preventing HIV in China, yet pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is not widely accepted in this population. The objective of this manuscript was to assessed the barriers in the acknowledgement and uptake focusing the demand side. Methods An online questionnaire survey was conducted from December 2018 to January 2019. All participants were required to scan two-dimensional code which was the online crowdsourcing survey platform to complete the electronic questionnaire anonymously. Results Among 1915 MSM from thirty-four cities of China, 512 (26.7%) versus 1617 (84.4%) had an objective or subjective need of PrEP, respectively. One hundred and six (5.5%) reported affordability and only 23 (1.2%) had ever taken it. Age, living alone and occupation were associated with the objective needs. Age, income, sexual behavior were associated with actual usage. The participants who they had objective need to use PrEP are the population which we should focus on. Conclusion A wide disconnect exists among the objective need, willingness, affordability and uptake of PrEP. Cost was the most prevalent barrier, accounting for 78.22% of individuals who needed and wished for PrEP but finally failed to receive it. The findings might facilitate optimizing future allocation of resources to better promote PrEP in Chinese MSM.
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- 2023
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8. An open, prospective cohort study of VV116 in Chinese participants infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants
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Yinzhong Shen, Jingwen Ai, Na Lin, Haocheng Zhang, Yang Li, Hongyu Wang, Sen Wang, Zhen Wang, Tao Li, Feng Sun, Zhenyu Fan, Liqun Li, Yunfei Lu, Xianmin Meng, Hong Xiao, Huiliang Hu, Yun Ling, Feng Li, Hongdi Li, Chunmei Xi, Liping Gu, Wenhong Zhang, and Xiaohong Fan
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Omicron variant ,COVID-19 ,VV116 ,cohort study ,viral load ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has become the predominant variant worldwide. VV116 is an oral drug with robust anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy in preclinical studies. We conducted an open, prospective cohort study to evaluate its safety and effectiveness in Chinese participants infected with the omicron variant from March 8th, 2022 to March 24th, 2022. 136 hospitalized nonsevere patients confirmed with COVID-19 were enrolled including 60 patients who received VV116 (300 mg, BID×5 days) in the treatment group and 76 patients who didn’t receive VV116 in the control group besides standard treatment. Viral load shedding time and adverse events were collected during the follow-up. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the VV116 group and the control group, except for a higher symptom prevalence in the control group (P = 0.021). The median time from the first positive test to the first VV116 administration was 5 (range: 2-10) days. Participants who received VV116 within 5 days since the first positive test had a shorter viral shedding time than the control group (8.56 vs 11.13 days), and cox regression analysis showed adjusted HR of 2.37 [95%CI 1.50-3.75], P
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- 2022
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9. Impact of Tuberculosis on Disease Severity and Viral Shedding Duration in COVID-19 Patients
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Wei Huang, Ping Liu, Bo Yan, Fang Zheng, Yang Yang, Xiuhong Xi, Lu Xia, and Yinzhong Shen
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COVID-19 ,tuberculosis ,severity ,viral shedding ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Accumulating evidence show a potential association between tuberculosis and COVID-19 disease severity. To further clarify the impact of tuberculosis on COVID-19 disease severity and viral shedding duration, a retrospective study was conducted on 223 COVID-19 patients, including 34 with tuberculosis and 189 without tuberculosis. Clinical information and viral load shedding time were collected. A higher percentage of severe/critical COVID-19 diagnosis and deaths was observed in patients with tuberculosis than in those without tuberculosis (8.8% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.142; 2.9% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.393), and COVID-19 patients with tuberculosis had longer viral shedding than those without tuberculosis (median: 15.0 days vs. 11.0 days; p = 0.0001). Having tuberculosis (HR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.37–3.00; p = 0.000), being of elderly age (HR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.03; p = 0.001) and being diagnosed with severe or critical COVID-19 (HR = 5.63, 95% CI 2.10–15.05; p = 0.001) were independent factors associated with prolonged virus time of SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 patients with tuberculosis receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy time (ATT) for p = 0.012). Our results demonstrated that COVID-19 patients with tuberculosis tend to have more severe disease and a worse prognosis, and tuberculosis prolonged viral shedding, highlighting special attention and/or care required for COVID-19 patients with tuberculosis receiving ATT for
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- 2024
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10. Cost-effectiveness evaluation of rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy based on decision-tree Markov model
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Yuan Guan, Qi Tang, Han Zhu, Danping Liu, Tangkai Qi, Renfang Zhang, Jun Chen, Li Liu, Yinzhong Shen, Hongzhou Lu, Xiangxiang Pan, and Peifang Wei
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Medicine - Published
- 2023
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11. Effect of irradiation temperature on the nanoindentation behavior of P92 steel with thermomechanical treatment
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Xi Huang, Yinzhong Shen, Qingshan Li, Xiaoyan Li, Zixiong Zhan, Guang Li, and Zhenhe Li
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Hardness ,P92 steel ,Thermomechanical treatment ,Irradiation ,Nuclear engineering. Atomic power ,TK9001-9401 - Abstract
The nanoindentation behavior of P92 steel with thermomechanical treatment under 3.5 MeV Fe13+ ion irradiation at room temperature, 400 and 700 °C was investigated. Pop-in behavior is observed for all the samples with and without irradiation at room temperature, while the temperature dependence of pop-in behavior is only observed in irradiated samples. The average load and penetration depth at the onset of pop-in increase as the irradiation temperature increases, in line with the results of the maximum shear stress. Irradiation induced hardening is exhibited for all irradiated samples, but there is a significant reduction in the hardness of sample irradiated at 700 °C in comparison to the samples irradiated at room temperature and 400 °C. The ratio of hardness to elastic modulus for all samples decreases with increasing penetration depth except for samples at 700 °C. With the increasing of irradiation temperature, the ratio of the irreversible work to the total work gradually decreases. In contrast, it increases for samples without irradiation.
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- 2022
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12. Utility of urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in diagnosing mycobacteria infection among hospitalized HIV-positive patients
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Danping Liu, Ling Gu, Renfang Zhang, Li Liu, Yinzhong Shen, Yueming Shao, Jiangrong Wang, Jianjun Sun, Tangkai Qi, Zhenyan Wang, Yang Tang, Wei Song, Jingna Xun, Hongzhou Lu, and Jun Chen
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Urine lipoarabinomannan ,HIV ,Tuberculosis ,Nontuberculous mycobacteria ,Diagnosis ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Objectives: Cross-reactivity with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species might limit the use of urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) in people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aimed to investigate the utility of the LAM test among hospitalized HIV-positive patients. Methods: This prospective study enrolled HIV-positive inpatients with any TB symptom or seriously ill patients with advanced immunodeficiency. Urine samples were tested using the Alere Determine LAM Ag, and participants were categorized as confirmed TB, confirmed NTM infection, unclassified mycobacteria infection, and no mycobacteria infection based on microbiologic reference standards. Results: A total of 382 participants were included. The prevalence of confirmed TB and NTM infection was 5.24% (20 of 382) and 4.45% (17 of 382), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the urine LAM for TB diagnosis were 65.00% (95% confidence interval [CI] 40.78-84.61) and 89.36% (95% CI 85.68-92.36), respectively. The LAM test for NTM yielded a sensitivity of 58.82% (95% CI 32.92-81.56) and specificity of 88.61% (95% CI 84.87-91.70). Notably, the negative predictive values of the urine LAM for TB and NTM were 97.85% (95% CI 95.63-99.13) and 97.85% (95% CI 95.63-99.13), respectively. Conclusions: Cross-reactivity with NTM cause high false-positive LAM for TB diagnosis in PLWH. The correct identification of mycobacteria species is crucial for deciding treatment strategies.
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- 2022
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13. Pharmacokinetic features of dolutegravir with rifampicin and rifabutin among patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis/mycobacterium avium complex
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Xiaoqin Le, Xiaoye Guo, Jianjun Sun, Li Liu, Yinzhong Shen, Jiangrong Wang, Tangkai Qi, Zhenyan Wang, Yang Tang, Wei Song, Lin Yin, Lijun Zhang, Renfang Zhang, and Jun Chen
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HIV ,tuberculosis ,pharmacokinetics ,dolutegravir ,rifampicin ,rifabutin ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Background: Rifamycins are the cornerstone of anti-tuberculosis therapy while they are potent inducers of drug metabolizing enzymes. For the first time, we evaluated the effect of rifampicin (RIF) and rifabutin (RBT) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of dolutegravir (DTG) in patients with HIV and tuberculosis (TB)/ mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) co-infection. Methods: Both HIV/TB (or MAC) co-infected patients and HIV infected patients without TB/MAC were enrolled. Patients in the RIF group received DTG 50 mg twice daily together with 600mg of RIF, while patients in the RBT group received DTG 50 mg once daily together with 300 mg of RBT. The DTG pharmacokinetic profiles in different groups were assessed. Results: A total of 13 subjects in the RIF group, 12 subjects in the RBT group, and 10 subjects in non-TB/MAC group were enrolled. The geometric mean ratio (GMR) of the trough concentration (Ctr) of DTG in the RIF group to non-TB/MAC group was 1.33 [90% confidence interval (CI):0.97 to 1.81], while the GMR of the maximum concentration (Cmax) of DTG was 1.29 (90% CI: 1.23 to 1.36). The GMR of the Ctr of DTG in the RBT group to non-TB/MAC group was 0.41 (90% CI: 0.30 to 0.57), while the GMR of the Cmax of DTG was 0.55 (90% CI: 0.52 to 0.57). Conclusions: Due to the relatively low trough concentrations of DTG with RBT, DTG 50mg once daily together with RBT could only serve as an alternative option for HIV/TB (or MAC) co-infected patients.
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- 2022
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14. Comparative transcriptome analyses of immune responses to LPS in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the giant panda, human, mouse, and monkey
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Shun Li, Caiwu Li, Lixiang Chen, Hua Yang, Xiaonan Ren, Chunhua Xu, Bin Wu, Chao Wang, Yun Ling, Yinzhong Shen, Hongzhou Lu, Weiping Liu, and Xiaohui Zhou
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LPS ,immune responses ,comparative transcriptome analyses ,PBMCs ,giant panda ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria are major pathogens that can cause illnesses in giant pandas. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), components of Gram-negative bacteria, can activate immune responses in mammals (i.e., humans and mice) through recognition by toll-like receptors (TLRs). However, the giant pandas’ immune response to LPS stimulation and the differences between the giant panda and other mammals are not fully known. In this study, we administrated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from giant pandas, humans, C57BL/6 mice, and rhesus monkeys by LPS treatment at 6 h followed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), respectively, with control of non-stimulation. KEGG analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) pathways indicated that LPS could activate the classic signaling pathway of NF-κB in PBMCs from those four tested species. Thus, similar to the other three species, NF-κB is an LPS-responsive regulator of innate immune responses in giant pandas. Furthermore, the expression patterns of adapter genes, inflammatory cytokine genes, chemokines, interferon genes, cytokine genes related to cell growth and development, costimulatory molecules, Th1/Th2 cytokine genes, Th17 cytokine genes, Th9, and Th22 cytokine genes were compared among giant pandas and three other species. Our data indicated that in addition to the similar expression patterns of certain genes among giant pandas and other species, the unique expression pattern response to LPS in giant pandas was also discovered. Furthermore, Th9, Th17, and Th22 cells might be involved in the response to LPS in giant pandas at this tested time point. This study reveals that LPS-induced immune responses have different sensitivities and response timelines in giant pandas compared with other mammals. This study facilitates further understanding of the role of the TLR signaling pathway and the immune system in giant pandas, which might be helpful for disease prevention and protection.
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- 2023
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15. Long-term case-fatality rate of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in people living with HIV
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Jingjing Hu, Ling Gu, Yueming Shao, Renfang Zhang, Tangkai Qi, Jianjun Sun, Zhenyan Wang, Wei Song, Yang Tang, Jiangrong Wang, Shuibao Xu, Junyang Yang, Yinzhong Shen, Li Liu, Jun Chen, and Hongzhou Lu
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HIV/AIDS ,Nontuberculous mycobacteria ,Case-fatality rate ,Risk factor ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Few data are available regarding the long-term case-fatality rate (CFR) among people living with HIV (PLWH) with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease. The aim of this study is to analyze the long-term CFR in patients with NTM disease and to identify risk factors for their death. Methods A retrospective cohort study of 379 cases of microbiologically confirmed NTM disease in PLWH was conducted from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2020, in Shanghai, China. We used Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and the log-rank test to compare the long-term CFR in patients with disseminated NTM (DNTM) and localized NTM disease. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and a stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to estimate the predictors of long-term CFR. Results The cohort was followed up for a median of 26 months. The total CFR was 15.7% by one year and increased to 22.6% at 5 years after the diagnosis of NTM disease. The 5-year CFR of PLWH with DNTM was significantly higher than that of PLWH with localized NTM (26.7% vs 19.6% for DNTM and localized NTM disease, respectively). Older age [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.06, P
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- 2022
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16. The neutralization of B.1.617.1 and B.1.1.529 sera from convalescent patients and BBIBP-CorV vaccines
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Xinyi Yang, Yuqi Zhu, Jingna Xun, Jun Liu, Qing Wen, Yixiao Lin, Xiaoting Shen, Jun Chen, Songhua Yuan, Xiaying Zhao, Jing Wang, Hanyu Pan, Jinlong Yang, Zhiming Liang, Yue Liang, Qinru Lin, Huitong Liang, Chunyan Zhou, Li Jin, Weijian Xie, Jianping Liu, Daru Lu, Tianlei Ying, Yinzhong Shen, Xiaoyan Zhang, Jianqing Xu, Chunhua Yin, Pengfei Wang, Shibo Jiang, Hongzhou Lu, and Huanzhang Zhu
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Health sciences ,Immunology ,Immune response ,Science - Abstract
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.617.1 (Kappa) contain multiple mutations in the spike protein. However, the effect of B.1.617.1 lineage-related mutants on viral infectivity and inactivated-virus vaccine efficacy remains to be defined. We therefore constructed 12 B.1.617.1-related pseudoviruses and systematically studied the effects of mutations on virus infectivity and neutralization resistance to convalescent and inactivated virus vaccine sera. Our results show that the B.1.617.1 variant exhibited both higher infectivity and neutralization resistance in sera at 1 or 3 months after vaccination of 28 individuals and at 14 and 200 days after discharge of 15 convalescents. Notably, 89% of vaccines and 100% of the convalescent serum samples showed more than 2.5-fold reduction in neutralization against one single mutation: E484Q. Besides, we found a significant decrease in neutralizing activity in convalescent patients and BBIBP-CorV vaccines for B.1.1.529. These findings demonstrate that inactivated-virus vaccination or convalescent sera showed reduced, but still significant, neutralization against the B.1.617.1 variant.
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- 2022
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17. Circulating (1 → 3)-β-D-Glucan as an immune activation marker decreased after ART in people living with HIV
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Jingna Xun, Shuyan Guo, Yumin Xu, Rong Chen, Qi Tang, Xinyu Zhang, Danping Liu, Renfang Zhang, Yinzhong Shen, Li Liu, Jiangrong Wan, Jun Chen, and Hongzhou Lu
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HIV ,(1 → 3)-β-D-Glucan ,immune activation ,microbial translocation ,ART ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundPlasma level of polysaccharide (1 → 3)-β-D-Glucan (βDG), as a diagnostic marker of invasive fungal infection has been reported to be elevated in people living with HIV (PLWH). We assessed the association of circulating βDG to inflammation and systemic immune activation and the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on βDG in PLWH.MethodPlasma and peripheral blood monocular cell samples from 120 PLWH naive to ART and after 1 year's ART were collected. Plasma levels of βDG, markers of bacterial translocation, gut damage, and cellular immune activation were quantified.ResultThe plasma βDG levels were negatively correlated with CD4+ T cells count (r = −0.25, p = 0.005) and positively with HIV viral load (r = 0.28, p = 0.002) before ART. It was also positively correlated with immune activation markers, including PD-1 expression on CD4+ T cell (r = 0.40, p = 0.01) and CD8+ T cell (r = 0.47, p = 0.002), as well as HLADR+CD38+ co-expression on CD8+ T cell (r = 0.56, p = 0.0002), but not with the plasma levels of LPS (r = 0.02, p = 0.84), LPS binding protein (LBP, r = 0.11, p = 0.36), soluble LPS receptor sCD14 (r = 0.04, p = 0.68), intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP, r = −0.12, p = 0.18), and regenerating islet-derived protein 3α (REG3α, r = 0.18, p = 0.06). After 1 year's ART, the levels of βDG were significantly decreased compared to that in pre-ART (1.31 ± 0.24 Log10 pg/ml vs. 1.39 ± 0.18 Log10 pg/ml, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe level of plasma βDG was associated with cellular immune activation and decreased after ART in PLWH, suggesting it could serve as a biomarker of immune activation and efficacy monitoring.
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- 2022
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18. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for poor prognosis among HIV patients with Talaromyces marneffei bloodstream infection
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Jianjun Sun, Weiwei Sun, Yang Tang, Renfang Zhang, Li Liu, Yinzhong Shen, Jiangrong Wang, Jun Chen, Tangkai Qi, Zhenyan Wang, Wei Song, Yixiao Lin, Shuibao Xu, and Hongzhou Lu
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HIV infection ,AIDS ,Talaromyces marneffei ,Bloodstream infection ,Prevalence ,Clinical characteristics ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Talaromyces marneffei (TM) bloodstream infection is common in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients with extreme immunodeficiency in Southeast Asia and South China, however, clinical case study on TM bloodstream infection is scarce. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of TM bloodstream infection in hospitalized AIDS patients and determined the outcomes of hospitalization after diagnosis in our hospital over the past 5 years. Methods From January 2015 to July 2020, 87 cases of TM detected by blood culture in patients admitted to our center were collected. The admission complaints, blood cells, biochemistry, CD4 and CD8 cell counts and 1,3-β-D-glucan (BDG), procalcitonin (PCT), CRP level on the day of blood culture test, and outcomes during hospitalization were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed for the risk factors for poor prognosis (60 cases). Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between peripheral blood cells, albumin and the time required for TM turnaround in blood culture. The difference was statistically significant when the P value was 200/μl (p = 0.04), and those with BDG 100 pg/mL (p = 0.01). Conclusions TM bloodstream infection is becoming more common in advanced AIDS patients in endemic areas. For those patients with extremely low CD4 and CD8 cell counts below 200/μl is with an increased risk of poor prognosis.
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- 2021
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19. Clinical usefulness of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of central nervous system infection in people living with HIV
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Jun Chen, Renfang Zhang, Li Liu, Tangkai Qi, Zhenyan Wang, Wei Song, Yang Tang, Jianjun Sun, Danping Liu, Yixiao Lin, Shuibao Xu, Junyang Yang, Yinzhong Shen, and Hongzhou Lu, Dr.
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Metagenomic next-generation sequencing ,CNS infection ,Diagnosis ,HIV ,Meningitis ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the clinical utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) infection in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) in a real-world situation. Methods: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was sent for mNGS for PLWH who tested negative on all conventional tests but were still suspected to have CNS infection. A retrospective analysis was undertaken of the results and the clinical effect of mNGS on this cohort. The final diagnosis was adjudicated by a panel discussion following hospital discharge when the results of all tests and patients’ responses to the empiric therapy were available. Results: Eighty-eight eligible PLWH, including 51 (58%) patients suspected of encephalitis and 34 (46.7%) patients suspected of meningitis, were included in the analysis. Sixty-eight (77.3%) patients were diagnosed with CNS infection, of which 50 were based on the pathogens identified by mNGS. The most common disease missed by mNGS was clinically suspected tuberculous meningitis, followed by clinically suspected non-tuberculous mycobacterial meningitis. The results from mNGS led to modification of treatment in 21 (23.9%) patients, and increased confidence in continuation of original therapy in 30 (34.1%) patients. During hospitalization, two (2.3%) patients died and 66 (75%) patients improved. Conclusions: mNGS of CSF is a useful tool for the diagnosis of CNS infection among PLWH. Further investigations are warranted to improve its sensitivity.
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- 2021
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20. Adherence predictor variables in AIDS patients: an empirical study using the data mining-based RFM model
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Min Li, Qunwei Wang, and Yinzhong Shen
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Antiretroviral therapy ,Adherence prediction ,RFM ,AIDS ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Abstract Background Highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) is still the only effective method to stop the disease progression in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. However, poor adherence to the therapy makes it ineffective. In this work, we construct an adherence prediction model of AIDS patients using the classical recency, frequency and monetary value (RFM) model in the data mining-based customer relationship management model to obtain adherence predictor variables. Methods We cleaned 257,305 diagnostic data elements of AIDS outpatients in Shanghai from August 2009 to December 2019 to obtain 16,440 elements. We tested the RFM and RFm (R: recent consultation month, F: consultation frequency, M/m: total/average medical costs per visit) models, three clustering methods (K-means, Kohonen and two-step clustering) and four decision algorithms (C5.0, the classification and regression tree, Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector and Quick, Unbiased, Efficient, Statistical Tree) to select the optimal combination. The optimal model and clustering analysis were used to divide the patients into two groups (good and poor adherence), then the optimal decision algorithm was used to construct the prediction model of adherence and obtain its predictor variables. Results The results revealed that the RFm model, K-means clustering analysis and C5.0 algorithm were optimal. After three rounds of k-means clustering analysis, the optimal RFm clustering model quality was 0.8, 10,614 elements were obtained, including 9803 and 811 from patients with good or poor adherence, respectively, and five types of patients were identified. The prediction model had an accuracy of 100% with the recent consultation month as an important adherence predictor variable. Conclusions This work presented a prediction model for medication adherence in AIDS patients at the designated AIDS center in Shanghai, using the RFm model and the k-means and C5.0 algorithms. The model can be expanded to include patients from other centers in China and worldwide.
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- 2021
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21. Prognostic factors and survival according to tumour subtype in women presenting with breast cancer bone metastases at initial diagnosis: a SEER-based study
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Xiao Li, Xiaoli Zhang, Jie Liu, and Yinzhong Shen
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Breast cancer ,Bone metastases ,Tumour subtype ,Prognostic factor ,Survival ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background Tumour subtype has a significant effect on bone metastasis in breast cancer, but population-based estimates of the prognosis of patients with bone metastases at breast cancer diagnosis are lacking. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of tumour subtype and other factors on the prognosis and survival of patients with bone metastases of breast cancer. Methods Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program data from 2012 to 2016, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate stage IV breast cancer patients with bone metastases. Stage IV patient characteristics according to subtype were compared using chi-square tests. Overall survival (OS) and prognostic factors were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model, respectively. Results A total of 3384 stage IV patients were included in this study; 63.42% were HR+/HER2-, 19.86% were HR+/HER2+, 9.34% were HR−/HER2-, and 7.39% were HR−/HER2+. The median OS for the whole population was 38 months, and 33.9% of the patients were alive at 5 years. The median OS and five-year survival rate were significantly different among stage IV breast cancer patients with different molecular subtypes (p
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- 2020
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22. Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection is associated with increased surrogate marker of the HIV reservoir
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Jingna Xun, Tangkai Qi, Lei Zou, Qi Tang, Yinzhong Shen, Junyang Yang, Luman Xie, Yongjia Ji, Renfang Zhang, Li Liu, Jiangrong Wang, Corky Steinhart, Zhenyan Wang, Yang Tang, Wei Song, Jianjun Sun, Juan Cheng, Xiaoqin Le, Huanmei Wu, Xiaoqing He, Rong Chen, Jun Chen, and Hongzhou Lu
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HIV ,Tuberculosis ,Reservoir ,Interleukin-7 ,Indoleamine 2 ,3-dioxygenas ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Abstract Background Tuberculosis (Tb) is the most frequent opportunistic infection among people living with HIV infection. The impact of Tb co-infection in the establishment and maintenance of the HIV reservoir is unclear. Method We enrolled 13 HIV-infected patients with microbiologically confirmed Tb and 10 matched mono-HIV infected controls. Total HIV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), plasma interleukin-7 (IL-7) concentrations and the activities of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) were measured for all the participants prior to therapy and after antiretroviral therapy (ART). Results After a duration of 16 (12, 22) months’ ART, patients co-infected with Tb who were cured of Tb maintained higher levels of HIV DNA compared with mono-HIV infected patients [2.89 (2.65- 3.05) log10 copies/106 cells vs. 2.30 (2.11–2.84) log10 copies/106 cells, P = 0.008]. The levels of on-ART HIV DNA were positively correlated with the baseline viral load (r = 0.64, P = 0.02) in Tb co-infected group. However, neither plasma IL-7 concentration nor plasma IDO activity was correlated with the level of on-ART HIV DNA. Conclusions Tb co-infection was associated with the increased surrogate marker of the HIV reservoir, while its mechanism warrants further examination.
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- 2020
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23. Efficacy and safety of lower dose tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and efavirenz versus standard dose in HIV-infected, antiretroviral-naive adults: a multicentre, randomized, noninferiority trial
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Jun Chen, Rong Chen, Yinzhong Shen, Hongxia Wei, Xicheng Wang, Renfang Zhang, Zhiliang Hu, Ronghui Xie, Qiong Huang, Jiangrong Wang, Li Liu, Tangkai Qi, Zhenyan Wang, Wei Song, Yang Tang, Jianjun Sun, and Hongzhou Lu
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HIV ,tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ,efavirenz ,low dose ,non-inferiority ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACTReduced doses of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs may lower toxicity while preserving efficacy. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of reduced doses of both tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and efavirenz for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. In this open-label, non-inferiority trial, HIV-1-infected antiretroviral-naive adults were randomly assigned to receive either a lower dose anti-retroviral regimen comprised of TDF (200 mg), efavirenz (400 mg), and standard dose lamivudine (300 mg) or the standard dose regimen. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA≤ 50 copies/mL at week 48 using a non-inferiority margin of –10%. At week 48, 79 of 92 (85.9%) participants in the lower dose regimen group and 78 of 92 (84.8%) in the standard dose regimen group achieved HIV-1 RNA≤ 50 copies/mL (treatment difference 1.1%, 95% CI −9.1 to 11.3) in the intention-to-treat analysis. Drug-related adverse events occurred more frequently in the participants receiving the standard dose regimen compared with the lower dose one (63.0% vs 80.4%). Changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate and bone mineral density were comparable between the two groups. The non-inferior efficacy and better safety profile of the lower dose ARV regimen support its use as alternative initial therapy for HIV-1 infected patients.
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- 2020
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24. Epidemiology and clinical course of COVID-19 in Shanghai, China
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Yinzhong Shen, Fang Zheng, Danfeng Sun, Yun Ling, Jun Chen, Feng Li, Tao Li, Zhiping Qian, Yuyi Zhang, Qingnian Xu, Li Liu, Qin Huang, Fei Shan, Lie Xu, Jun Wu, Zhaoqin Zhu, Zhigang Song, Shenyang Li, Yuxin Shi, Jianliang Zhang, Xueyun Wu, Joshua B. Mendelsohn, Tongyu Zhu, and Hongzhou Lu
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COVID-19 ,epidemiology ,clinical characteristics ,clinical course ,viral shedding ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACTBackground: Novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is prevalent around the world. We aimed to describe epidemiological features and clinical course in Shanghai.Methods: We retrospectively analysed 325 cases admitted at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, between January 20 and February 29, 2020.Results: 47.4% (154/325) had visited Wuhan within 2 weeks of illness onset. 57.2% occurred in 67 clusters; 40% were situated within 53 family clusters. 83.7% developed fever during the disease course. Median times from onset to first medical care, hospitalization and negative detection of nucleic acid by nasopharyngeal swab were 1, 4 and 8 days. Patients with mild disease using glucocorticoid tended to have longer viral shedding in blood and feces. At admission, 69.8% presented with lymphopenia and 38.8% had elevated D-dimers. Pneumonia was identified in 97.5% (314/322) of cases by chest CT scan. Severe-critical patients were 8% with a median time from onset to critical disease of 10.5 days. Half required oxygen therapy and 7.1% high-flow nasal oxygen. The case fatality rate was 0.92% with median time from onset to death of 16 days.Conclusion: COVID-19 cases in Shanghai were imported. Rapid identification, and effective control measures helped to contain the outbreak and prevent community transmission.
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- 2020
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25. FKBP3 Induces Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Latency by Recruiting Histone Deacetylase 1/2 to the Viral Long Terminal Repeat
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Xinyi Yang, Xiaying Zhao, Yuqi Zhu, Yinzhong Shen, Yanan Wang, Panpan Lu, Zhengtao Jiang, Hanyu Pan, Jinlong Yang, Jingna Xun, Lin Zhao, Jing Wang, Zhiming Liang, Xiaoting Shen, Yue Liang, Qinru Lin, Huitong Liang, Lu Jin, Dengji Zhang, Jun Liu, Bin Wang, Shibo Jiang, Jianqing Xu, Hao Wu, Hongzhou Lu, and Huanzhang Zhu
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HIV-1 ,HIV-1 latency ,FKBP3 ,HDAC1/2 ,acetylation ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) cannot be completely eliminated because of existence of the latent HIV-1 reservoir. However, the facts of HIV-1 latency, including its establishment and maintenance, are incomplete. FKBP3, encoded by the FKBP3 gene, belongs to the immunophilin family of proteins and is involved in immunoregulation and such cellular processes as protein folding. In a previous study, we found that FKBP3 may be related to HIV-1 latency using CRISPR screening. In this study, we knocked out the FKBP3 gene in multiple latently infected cell lines to promote latent HIV-1 activation. We found that FKBP3 could indirectly bind to the HIV-1 long terminal repeat through interaction with YY1, thereby recruiting histone deacetylase 1/2 to it. This promotes histone deacetylation and induces HIV-1 latency. Finally, in a primary latent cell model, we confirmed the effect of FKBP3 knockout on the latent activation of HIV-1. Our results suggest a new mechanism for the epigenetic regulation of HIV-1 latency and a new potential target for activating latent HIV-1. IMPORTANCE The primary reason why AIDS cannot be completely cured is the existence of a latent HIV-1 reservoir. Currently, the facts of HIV-1 latency, including its establishment and maintenance, are incomplete. Using a CRISPR library in our earlier screening of genes related to HIV-1 latency, we identified FBKP3 as a candidate gene related to HIV-1 latency. Therefore, in this mechanistic study, we first confirmed the HIV-1 latency-promoting effect of FKBP3 and determined that FKBP3 promotes histone deacetylation by recruiting histone deacetylase 1/2 to the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. We also confirmed, for the first time, that FKBP3 can act as a transcription factor (TF) recruitment scaffold and participate in epigenetic regulation of HIV-1 latency. These findings suggest a new mechanism for the epigenetic regulation of HIV-1 latency and a new potential target for activating latent HIV-1.
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- 2021
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26. Comparing SARS-CoV-2 Testing in Anterior Nasal Vestibular Swabs vs. Oropharyngeal Swabs
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Meiyan Li, Ruoyan Wei, Yaling Yang, Taiwen He, Yinzhong Shen, Tangkai Qi, Tian Han, Zhigang Song, Zhaoqin Zhu, Xiaopeng Ma, Yixiao Lin, Yasheng Yuan, Keqing Zhao, Hongzhou Lu, and Xingtao Zhou
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SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,nasal vestibule ,diagnostics ,transmission ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
PurposeTo investigate the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 testing in specimens collected from the anterior nasal vestibules of COVID-19 patients.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was performed on 30 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from March 14, 2020 to March 21, 2020. Paired specimens were collected from both the anterior nasal vestibule and the oropharynx from all patients. All specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays.ResultsOf the 30 patients with confirmed COVID-19, 17 patients (56.7%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 when oropharyngeal specimens were used, while 20 patients (66.7%) tested positive when nasal swab specimens were used. There was no statistically significant difference in sensitivity between the two methods.ConclusionsRespiratory swabs collected from the nasal vestibule offer a less invasive alternative to oropharyngeal swabs for specimen collection in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and have adequate sensitivity.
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- 2021
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27. Thymosin Alpha-1 Has no Beneficial Effect on Restoring CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocyte Counts in COVID-19 Patients
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Zhenyan Wang, Jun Chen, Cuiyun Zhu, Li Liu, Tangkai Qi, Yinzhong Shen, Yuyi Zhang, Lie Xu, Tao Li, Zhiping Qian, Corklin R. Steinhart, and Hongzhou Lu
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COVID-19 ,thymosin alpha-1 ,T lymphocyte ,CD4 ,CD8 ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Dysregulation of immune response was observed in COVID-19 patients. Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) is used in the management of COVID-19, because it is known to restore the homeostasis of the immune system during infections and cancers. We aim to observe the longitudinal changes in T lymphocyte subsets and to evaluate the efficacy of Tα1 for COVID-19. A retrospective study was conducted in 275 COVID-19 patients admitted to Shanghai public health clinical center. The clinical and laboratory characteristics between patients with different T lymphocyte phenotypes and those who were and were not treated with Tα1 were compared. Among the 275 patients, 137 (49.8%) were males, and the median age was 51 years [interquartile range (IQR): 37-64]. A total of 126 patients received Tα1 therapy and 149 patients did not. There were 158 (57.5%) patients with normal baseline CD4 counts (median:631/μL, IQR: 501~762) and 117 patients (42.5%) with decreased baseline CD4 counts (median:271/μL, IQR: 201~335). In those with decreased baseline CD4 counts, more patients were older (p
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- 2021
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28. Lipid profile and renal safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based anti-retroviral therapy in HIV-infected Chinese patients
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Junyang Yang, Jun Chen, Yongjia Ji, Qi Tang, Renfang Zhang, Li Liu, Yinzhong Shen, Jingna Xun, Wei Song, Yang Tang, Zhenyan Wang, Tangkai Qi, and Hongzhou Lu
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Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is an important component of antiretroviral therapy (ART) that has been widely used. The aim of this study was to observe the long-term impact of TDF-based ART on lipid metabolism profiles and renal functions in Chinese patients. Methods: 414 and 124 HIV-infected, ART-naïve patients who initiated TDF-based regimens and non-TDF regimens respectively were retrospectively included. Demographic characteristics and clinical information of each patient was collected. Changes of lipid profiles and renal function, as well as the risk factors of hyperlipidemia and renal dysfunction were analyzed. Results: After 96 weeks of ART, HIV viral loads were undetectable in 97.34% (403/414) of patients exposed to TDF. The plasma total cholesterol (TCH) increased from 3.97 ± 0.83 mmol/L to 4.53 ± 0.87 mmol/L (P
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- 2019
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29. Diversity of HIV-1 genotypes and high prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients in Shanghai, China
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Zhenyan Wang, Min Zhang, Renfang Zhang, Li Liu, Yinzhong Shen, Jiangrong Wang, and Hongzhou Lu
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HIV-1 ,AIDS ,Genotype ,Pretreatment drug resistance ,Mutation ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Genetic variability and liability to develop drug-resistant mutations are the main characteristics of HIV-1, which can not only increase the risk of antiretroviral treatment (ART) failure, but also can lead to the spread of resistant strains. We aim to investigate the distribution of HIV-1 genotypes and prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) in ART-naïve HIV-1 infected patients in Shanghai China. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed among the newly diagnosed ART-naive HIV-1 infected patients during the period from January 2017 to November 2017 in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. The target fragment of 1316 bp in the pol gene spanning the reverse transcriptase and protease regions was amplified using a nested polymerase chain reaction. HIV-1 genotypes were determined by phylogenetic analysis, and PDR associated mutations were determined according to Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database (http://hivdb.stanford.edu/). Results We successfully amplified pol gene sequences from blood samples of 317 patients, of whom 95.3% were male, and 68.8% were men who have sex with men. The median age was 33 years; and the median CD4 count was 275 cells/μL. The predominant HIV-1 genotype was circulating recombinant form (CRF) 01_AE (53.0%, 168/317), followed by CRF07_BC (29.7%, 94/317), B (7.6%, 24/317), CRF08_BC (1.9%, 6/317), CRF55_01B (1.9%, 6/317), CRF 59_01B (0.9%, 3/317). In addition, 5% (16/317) HIV-1 strains were identified as other subtypes or CRFs/URFs (unique recombinant forms). The overall prevalence of PDR was 17.4% (55/317). PDR frequency to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI, 16.4%) was much higher than that to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI, 4.7%) and protease inhibitor (PI, 0.6%). The most common HIV-1 mutation pattern for NNRTI and NRTI were V179D/E (10.1%, 32/317) and M184 V (2.8%, 9/317), respectively. About half (49.1%, 27/55) of the HIV-1 strains with mutation presented as potential low-level resistant to NNRTI attributed to V179D/E. Conclusion The distribution of HIV-1 genotypes in Shanghai China is diverse and complex. The high prevalence of PDR highlights the significance of baseline HIV-1 drug resistance testing. Non-NNRTI-containing regimen may be the preferred initial therapy for newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients in Shanghai in the absence of PDR test results.
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- 2019
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30. Epigenetic Landscapes of Single-Cell Chromatin Accessibility and Transcriptomic Immune Profiles of T Cells in COVID-19 Patients
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Shun Li, Bin Wu, Yun Ling, Mingquan Guo, Boyin Qin, Xiaonan Ren, Chao Wang, Hua Yang, Lixiang Chen, Yixin Liao, Yang Liu, Xiuhua Peng, Chunhua Xu, Zhenyan Wang, Yinzhong Shen, Jun Chen, Li Liu, Bowen Niu, Mengmin Zhu, Lingling Liu, Feng Li, Tongyu Zhu, Zhaoqin Zhu, Xiaohui Zhou, and Hongzhou Lu
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SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,chromatin accessibility ,transcriptome profiling ,scATAC-seq ,ScRNA-seq ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
T cells play a critical role in coronavirus diseases. How they do so in COVID-19 may be revealed by analyzing the epigenetic chromatin accessibility of cis- and trans-regulatory elements and creating transcriptomic immune profiles. We performed single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (scATAC) and single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing (seq) on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of severely ill/critical patients (SCPs) infected with COVID-19, moderate patients (MPs), and healthy volunteer controls (HCs). About 76,570 and 107,862 single cells were used, respectively, for analyzing the characteristics of chromatin accessibility and transcriptomic immune profiles by the application of scATAC-seq (nine cases) and scRNA-seq (15 cases). The scATAC-seq detected 28,535 different peaks in the three groups; among these peaks, 41.6 and 10.7% were located in the promoter and enhancer regions, respectively. Compared to HCs, among the peak-located genes in the total T cells and its subsets, CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, from SCPs and MPs were enriched with inflammatory pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway. The motifs of TBX21 were less accessible in the CD4+ T cells of SCPs compared with those in MPs. Furthermore, the scRNA-seq showed that the proportion of T cells, especially the CD4+ T cells, was decreased in SCPs and MPs compared with those in HCs. Transcriptomic results revealed that histone-related genes, and inflammatory genes, such as NFKBIA, S100A9, and PIK3R1, were highly expressed in the total T cells, CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, both in the cases of SCPs and MPs. In the CD4+ T cells, decreased T helper-1 (Th1) cells were observed in SCPs and MPs. In the CD8+T cells, activation markers, such as CD69 and HLA class II genes (HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, and HLA-DRB5), were significantly upregulated in SCPs. An integrated analysis of the data from scATAC-seq and scRNA-seq showed some consistency between the approaches. Cumulatively, we have generated a landscape of chromatin epigenetic status and transcriptomic immune profiles of T cells in patients with COVID-19. This has provided a deeper dissection of the characteristics of the T cells involved at a higher resolution than from previously obtained data merely by the scRNA-seq analysis. Our data led us to suggest that the T-cell inflammatory states accompanied with defective functions in the CD4+ T cells of SCPs may be the key factors for determining the pathogenesis of and recovery from COVID-19.
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- 2021
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31. Clinical Features of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in HIV Infected Patients
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Yang Tang, Jianjun Sun, Taiwen He, Yinzhong Shen, Li Liu, Corklin R. Steinhart, Jun Chen, Tangkai Qi, Zhenyan Wang, Wei Song, and Renfang Zhang
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HIV ,CMVR ,CMV-DNA ,CD4+ T lymphocytes ,clinical features ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features and related laboratory indicators of cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV infected patients in order to find a suitable laboratory reference guide to aid in the early diagnosis of CMVR, which should improve the prognosis of the severe retinitis.Methods: PLHIVs who were admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to December 2016 were included. The diagnosis of AIDS follows the AIDS Treatment Guidelines. Levels of CMV IgG and IgM were measured by ELISA in order to detect the CMV infection status of the patient. CMV-DNA levels were assessed by a quantitative PCR method, and CD4+ T lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry. Logistical regression was used to analyze the risk factors for CMV retinitis in HIV-infected patients.Results: There were 93 patients with HIV that were also diagnosed with CMV retinitis. After ART, the intraocular pressure, visual acuity, cotton plaque incidence, and CD4+ T lymphocyte count were significantly improved, and the yellow-white retinal lesions gradually disappeared. In patients with HIV infections, the CD4+ T lymphocyte count, and peripheral blood quantitative CMV-DNA levels were found to be independent risk factors for CMV retinitis (P < 0.05). Patients with HIV infection who had CMV-DNA levels >6,390 copies/mL were associated with more severe ophthalmolgic conditions related to CMV retinitis.Conclusion: Patients with HIV infections with quantitative CMV-DNA levels >6,390 copies/mL have a higher probability of having a diagnosis of CMV retinitis and a worse prognosis than those whose CMV-DNA level is
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- 2020
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32. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Is Not Independently Associated With Neurocognitive Impairment in People Living With HIV
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Fengdi Zhang, Junyang Yang, Yongjia Ji, Meiyan Sun, Jiayin Shen, Jianjun Sun, Jiangrong Wang, Li Liu, Yinzhong Shen, Renfang Zhang, Jun Chen, and Hongzhou Lu
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HIV ,cognitive ,HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder ,gut microbiota ,predictive function ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis, which has been linked to many neurological diseases, is common in HIV infection. However, its role in the pathogenesis of neurocognitive impairment is still not established. In this study, a total of 85 HIV infected subjects, naïve to antiretroviral therapy, were classified into two groups—those with HIV-associated neurological diseases (HAND) and those without, using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Fecal samples were collected from all subjects and microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Subjects with HAND were older (P < 0.001), with lower levels of education (P = 0.002), lower CD4 T-cell counts (P = 0.032), and greater heterosexual preference (P < 0.001), than those without HAND. Gut microbiota from subjects with HAND showed significantly lower α-diversity compared to gut microbiota from subjects without HAND (Shannon index, P = 0.003). To exclude confounding bias, 25 subjects from each group, with comparable age, gender, CD4 T-cell count, educational level and sexual preference were further analyzed. The two groups showed comparable α-diversity (for SOB index, Shannon index, Simpson index, ACE index, and Chao index, all with P-value > 0.05) and β-diversity (ANOSIM statistic = 0.010, P = 0.231). There were no significant differences in microbiota composition between the two groups after the correction for a false discovery rate. Consistently, microbiota from the two groups presented similar predictive functional profiles. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is not independently associated with neurocognitive impairment in people living with HIV.
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- 2019
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33. Fecal bacterial microbiome diversity in chronic HIV-infected patients in China
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Yang Sun, Yingfei Ma, Ping Lin, Yi-Wei Tang, Liying Yang, Yinzhong Shen, Renfan Zhang, Li Liu, Jun Cheng, Jiashen Shao, Tangkai Qi, Yan Tang, Rentian Cai, Liqian Guan, Bin Luo, Meiyan Sun, Ben Li, Zhiheng Pei, and Hongzhou Lu
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antiretroviral treatment ,feces ,HIV ,microbiome ,16S rRNA ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify fecal bacterial microbiome changes in patients with chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in China. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified, sequenced (454 pyrosequencing), and clustered into operational taxonomic units using the QIIME software. Relative abundance at the phylum and genus levels were calculated. Alpha diversity was determined by Chao 1 and observed-species indices, and beta diversity was determined by double principal component analysis using the estimated phylogeny-based unweighted Unifrac distance matrices. Fecal samples of the patients with chronic HIV-infection tended to be enriched with bacteria of the phyla Firmicutes (47.20%±0.43 relative abundance) and Proteobacteria (37.21%±0.36) compared with those of the non-HIV infected controls (17.95%±0.06 and 3.81%±0.02, respectively). Members of the genus Bilophila were exclusively detected in samples of the non-HIV infected controls. Bacteroides and arabacteroides were more abundant in the chronic HIV-infected patients. Our study indicated that chronic HIV-infected patients in China have a fecal bacterial microbiome composition that is largely different from that found in non-HIV infected controls, and further study is needed to evaluate whether microbiome changes play a role in disease complications in the distal gut, including opportunistic infections.Emerging Microbes & Infections (2016) 5, e31; doi:10.1038/emi.2016.25; published online 6 April 2016Chinese patients with chronic HIV exhibit clear differences in their gut microbe populations compared with healthy controls. Infections and illness, along with the drugs used to treat them, can change the natural microbial ecosystem in the gut, which varies not just from person to person but also between ethnic groups. To investigate gut microbe diversity in the Chinese population, Hong-zhou Lu at Fudan University, Shanghai, together with Ben Li at Shanghai TargetDrug Ltd and co-workers, conducted a small-scale genetic sequencing study of microbial diversity in the feces of 13 patients with HIV and four healthy controls. The HIV-infected individuals exhibited significant differences compared with the controls, including reduced microbial diversity and higher levels of certain bacteria. Further investigations could clarify the role of this diversity in disease complications, and enhance understanding of differences between ethnic groups.
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- 2016
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34. Serrated Flow and Work-Hardening Behavior of China Low Activation Martensitic Steel (CLAM)
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Zhiqiang Xu and Yinzhong Shen
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CLAM steel ,serrated flow ,tensile flow ,work hardening behavior ,Voce equation ,dynamic strain ageing ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
Serrated flow and work-hardening behavior (by Voce equation) of China low activation martensitic (CLAM) steel were investigated in the temperature range of 300–923 K (27 °C to 650 °C). The steel exhibited serrated flow at intermediate temperatures of 573–623 K (300–350 °C) and elevated temperatures higher than 773 K (500 °C), respectively. Type A, A + B, A + C, A + D, and mild serrations were identified. The observed serrations, the plateau/peak in flow stress and a minimum in ductility suggested the occurrence of dynamic strain aging (DSA), a phenomenon due to interactions between solute atoms and dislocations during plastic deformation, at intermediate temperatures, while the mild serrations observed at high temperatures were ascribed to a combined effect of tensile deformation and dynamic recovery. The variations of work-hardening parameters including saturation stress σ S , initial stress σ I and rate parameter n V with respect to temperatures also implied the dominance of DSA at intermediate temperatures. CLAM steel in present investigation generally displayed two-stage work-hardening behavior consisting of transient stage and stage-III. Good correlations had been presented between work-hardening parameters obtained by Voce equation and the respective experimental tensile properties, suggesting adequate applicability of Voce relationship for CLAM steel.
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- 2018
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35. Effect of CYP2B6 Gene Polymorphisms on Efavirenz Plasma Concentrations in Chinese Patients with HIV Infection.
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Xianmin Meng, Kang Yin, Jiangrong Wang, Ping Dong, Li Liu, Yinzhong Shen, Li Shen, Qing Ma, Hongzhou Lu, and Weimin Cai
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CYP2B6 gene polymorphisms on efavirenz (EFV) plasma concentrations in Han Chinese patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.In total, 322 patients were recruited for study. EFV plasma concentrations at steady-state were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Genotyping for seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including 171+967C>A, 171+3212C>T, 171+4335T>C, 516G>T, 785A>G, 1295-913G>A, and *1355A>G of CYP2B6, was performed using ligase detection reaction (LDR). SPSS 18.0 and Haploview 4.2 were applied for statistical analyses.The average EFV concentration of patients was 2.35±2.09 μg/mL. Overall, 22% patients displayed EFV concentrations out of the therapeutic range of 1-4 μg/mL (13.1% < 1 μg/mL, 9.3% > 4 μg/mL). We observed significant association of 171+967C>A, 171+4335T>C, 516G>T, 785A>G and *1355A>G with high plasma EFV levels (p 4 μg/mL were 56.7%, 56.7% and 60%, respectively. We observed strong linkage disequilibrium for 171+967C>A, 171+4335T>C, 516G>T and 785A>G, resulting in five haplotypes. The frequencies of the five haplotypes (high to low) were as follows: CCTG (0.328), ACTG (0.280), ACCT (0.189), ATTG (0.186) and ACCG (0.017). The frequency of CCTG (0.524) in patients with EFV plasma concentrations < 1 μg/mL was significantly higher than that in other patient groups, while that of ACCT (0.733) was significantly higher in patients with EFV concentrations > 4 μg/mL, relative to other patient groups. Average EFV concentrations of patients carrying ACTG (1.78 μg/mL), ACCT (7.50 μg/mL), and ATTG (1.92 μg/mL) haplotypes were markedly higher than those of patients carrying the CCTG haplotype. The predictive accuracy of ACCT for EFV > 4 μg/mL was 81%.Chinese patients administered standard doses of EFV require therapeutic drug monitoring or personalized medication management. Based on the current findings, we propose that 171+4335T>C, 516G>T, 785A>G and haplotype ACCT may be effectively used as genomic markers for EFV, which should aid in improving the efficacy of EFV-containing treatments and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.
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- 2015
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36. Anti-retroviral therapy decreases but does not normalize indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in HIV-infected patients.
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Jun Chen, Jiasheng Shao, Rentian Cai, Yinzhong Shen, Renfang Zhang, Li Liu, Tangkai Qi, and Hongzhou Lu
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which is mainly expressed in activated dendritic cells, catabolizes tryptophan to kynurenine and other downstream catabolites. It is known to be an immune mediator in HIV pathogenesis. The impact of anti-retroviral therapy on its activity has not been well established.We measured systemic IDO activity (the ratio of plasma kynurenine to tryptophan) in HIV-infected patients before and after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and its association with a microbial translocation marker, soluble CD14 (sCD14).Among 76 participants, higher baseline IDO activity was associated with lower CD4+ T cell counts (P
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- 2014
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37. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Shanghai, China
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Yinzhong Shen and Hongzhou Lu
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Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 ,influenza ,human influenza ,epidemiology ,viruses ,respiratory infections ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
To understand the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection, we retrospectively reviewed medical records of 237 patients with laboratory-confirmed cases reported in Shanghai, China, during May–July 2009. Surveillance activities effectively contained the outbreak and provided useful epidemiologic data for future strategies.
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- 2010
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38. Prevalence of anemia among adults with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS in China.
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Yinzhong Shen, Zhenyan Wang, Hongzhou Lu, Jiangrong Wang, Jun Chen, Li Liu, Renfang Zhang, and Yufang Zheng
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundThe prevalence of anemia among antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected patients in China has not been well characterized. We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of anemia among Chinese adults with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS.MethodsOne thousand nine hundred and forty-eight newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients in China were selected during 2009 and 2010. Serum samples obtained from each individual were collected to measure hemoglobin levels. Demographics and medical histories were recorded. Factors associated with the presence of anemia were analysed by logistic regression.ResultsAmong the 1948 patients, 75.8% were male. Median age was 40 years (range: 18-80 years). The overall prevalence of anemia among HIV-infected patients was 51.9% (51.5% among men, 53.2% among women). The prevalences of mild anemia, of moderate anemia, of severe anemia were 32.4%, 17.0%, and 2.5%, respectively. The prevalence of anemia was higher among ethnic minority patients than among the Han patients (70.9% versus 45.9%). The prevalence of anemia increased with increasing age (49.6%, 53.5% and 60.1% among patients who were 18-39, 40-59, and ≥ 60 years of age respectively) and with decreasing CD4 count (14.0%, 22.4%, 50.7%, and 74.6% among patients with CD4 count of ≥ 350, 200-349, 50-199, and ConclusionsAnemia is highly prevalent among Chinese adults with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS, but severe anemia is less prevalent in this population. Older age, lower CD4 count and minority ethnicity are associated with an increased risk of anemia.
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- 2013
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39. Interferon-gamma release assays for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Jun Chen, Renfang Zhang, Jiangrong Wang, Li Liu, Yufang Zheng, Yinzhong Shen, Tangkai Qi, and Hongzhou Lu
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundInterferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) have provided a new method for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. However, the role of IGRAs for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB), especially in HIV-infected patients remains unclear.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases to identify studies published in January 2001-July 2011 that evaluated the evidence of using QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-tube (QFT-GIT) and T-SPOT.TB (T-SPOT) on blood for the diagnosis of active TB in HIV-infected patients.ResultsThe search identified 16 eligible studies that included 2801 HIV-infected individuals (637 culture confirmed TB cases). The pooled sensitivity for the diagnosis of active TB was 76.7% (95%CI, 71.6-80.5%) and 77.4% (95%CI, 71.4-82.6%) for QFT-GIT and T-SPOT, respectively, while the specificity was 76.1% (95%CI, 74.0-78.0%) and 63.1% (95%CI, 57.6-68.3%) after excluding the indeterminate results. Studies conducted in low/middle income countries showed slightly lower sensitivity and specificity when compared to that in high-income countries. The proportion of indeterminate results was as high as 10% (95%CI, 8.8-11.3%) and 13.2% (95%CI, 10.6-16.0%) for QFT-GIT and T-SPOT, respectively.ConclusionIGRAs in their current formulations have limited accuracy in diagnosing active TB in HIV-infected patients, and should not be used alone to rule out or rule in active TB cases in HIV-infected patients. Further modification is needed to improve their accuracy.
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- 2011
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40. Lessons Learned from a Global Perspective of Coronavirus Disease-2019
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Viren Kaul, Japjot Chahal, Isaac N. Schrarstzhaupt, Heike Geduld, Yinzhong Shen, Maurizio Cecconi, Andre M. Siqueira, Melissa M. Markoski, and Leticia Kawano-Dourado
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine - Published
- 2023
41. Al2O3 Regions/Grains in ODS Steel PM2000 Irradiated With Fe Ions at 700 °C
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Tingjun Huang and Yinzhong Shen
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Mechanics of Materials ,Metals and Alloys ,Condensed Matter Physics - Published
- 2023
42. Efficacy of Efavirenz-Based Regimen in Antiretroviral-Naïve Patients with HIV-1 V179D/E Mutations in Shanghai, China
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Zhenyan Wang, Min Zhang, Jiangrong Wang, Li Liu, Jun Chen, Renfang Zhang, Yang Tang, Yinzhong Shen, Tangkai Qi, Wei Song, Jianjun Sun, Shuibao Xu, Junyang Yang, and Hongzhou Lu
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Infectious Diseases - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HIV-1 mutation V179D/E and the effect of V179D/E on the virological response to first-line efavirenz-based regimens among antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve patients.An ambispective cohort study was conducted. All ART-naïve patients who underwent baseline genotypic resistance testing between January 2019 and November 2021 were included in the analysis of the prevalence of the V179D/E mutation. Then, patients with identified V179D/E received the efavirenz-based regimen or the protease inhibitor (PI)/integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimen. The virological and immunological outcomes at week 48 were compared between the two groups.HIV-1 mutation V179D/E was identified in 252 out of 2568 ART-naïve patients, with a prevalence of 9.8% in Shanghai, China. A total of 206 participants were included in the efficacy analysis. Forty-six patients with altered ART regimens or incomplete follow-up data were excluded from the analysis. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the efavirenz group (n = 109) and the PI/INSTI group (n = 97). At week 48, a total of 96 participants (88.1%) in the efavirenz group and 92 participants (94.8%) in the PI/INSTI group had a viral load lower than 50 copies/mL (chi-square test, p = 0.086). In both groups, a lower proportion of participants achieved virological suppression among participants with a baseline viral load of at least 100,000 copies/mL compared with those with lower than 100,000 copies/mL (66.7% vs. 96.1% in the efavirenz group, p 0.001; 87.1% vs. 98.4% in the PI/INSTI group, p = 0.039). The median increase from baseline in the CD4 count at week 48 was significantly greater in the PI/INSTI group (192 cells/μL) than in the efavirenz group (154 cells/μL) (p = 0.029).There is a high prevalence of V179D/E in ART-naïve patients with HIV-1 in Shanghai, China. The first-line efavirenz-based regimen may be not suitable for patients with HIV-1 mutation V179D/E, especially for those with a baseline viral load of at least 100,000 copies/mL. The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000034787).
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- 2022
43. Customer relationship management analysis of outpatients in a Chinese infectious disease hospital using drug-proportion recency-frequency-monetary model.
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Min Li, Qunwei Wang, Yinzhong Shen, and Tongyu Zhu
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- 2021
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44. HIV/AIDS strategies should focus on outcomes and the psychological status of older patients diagnosed with HIV
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Yinzhong Shen, Hongzhou Lu, Jun Chen, Tangkai Qi, Renfang Zhang, Qi Tang, Li Liu, Han Zhu, and Yuan Guan
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Aging ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,Context (language use) ,Disease ,Anxiety ,medicine.disease_cause ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Psychological status ,Older patients ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,medicine ,Humans ,Exercise ,Depressive symptoms ,Aged ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
In the context of an aging global population, the aging of patients with HIV is an issue that society will have to face. Data indicate that between 2011 and 2019, the proportion of patients age 60 and over who were newly diagnosed with HIV in China increased from 12% to 25%. In contrast to younger groups, the special characteristics of older patients pose major challenges to the management of their disease. The current study examined the clinical outcomes and psychological status of patients age 50 and over who were diagnosed with HIV. Out of a total of 566 older patients from eastern China, viral suppression was achieved in 446 (78.8%), treatment was immunologically effective in 410 (72.4%), and treatment was effective in 324 (57.2%). Thirty-nine patients (6.9%) had significant anxiety and 143 (25.3%) exhibited depressive tendencies. Level of education and the time from diagnosis to treatment were associated with the effectiveness of treatment. Age, sleep quality, chronic illness, exercise, and travel time to medical appointments were associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that the burden of HIV among the older population remains high in more economically developed areas. The urgent need for HIV education and screening programs, as well as follow-up visits and early initiation of treatment in older patients, is called for.
- Published
- 2022
45. Cytomegalovirus viremia is associated with poor outcomes in AIDS patients with disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial disease
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Jun Liu, Hongzhou Lu, Jun Chen, Li Liu, Jinsong Bai, Renfang Zhang, Yinzhong Shen, Jianjun Sun, Tangkai Qi, Bo Tian, and Chong-Xi Li
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Congenital cytomegalovirus infection ,Cytomegalovirus ,Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous ,HIV Infections ,Viremia ,Disease ,Single Center ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Interquartile range ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Retrospective Studies ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,biology ,business.industry ,virus diseases ,Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Cytomegalovirus Infections ,Nontuberculous mycobacteria ,business ,Viral load - Abstract
Both cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia and disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease are common opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. Whether concurrent CMV viremia is associated with mortality in patients with AIDS and disseminated NTM disease is unknown. Subjects were patients with AIDS and disseminated NTM disease seen at a single center from January 2015 to April 2021. Data were retrospectively collected. Differences in demographics and clinical characteristics and hospitalization survival rates were compared between patients with disseminated NTM and with CMV viremia or not. Subjects were 113 AIDS patients with disseminated NTM who were seen at this Hospital from January 2015 to April 2021. Twenty-six of the patients had CMV viremia and 87 did not. The median age was 36 years (interquartile range [IQR] 29-42) and 108 patients were male (96%). The median CD4 count was 7 cells/µL (IQR 3-17). The median plasma CMV viral load was 9,245 IU/mL (IQR 3147-45725). The serum albumin of patients with CMV viremia was significantly lower than that of patients without CMV viremia (P = 0.03). Compared to patients without CMV viremia (81.6%), patients with CMV viremia had a significantly poorer prognosis (P = 0.01). Cox regression analysis indicated that the risk of a poor prognosis in patients with CMV viremia was 4.7 times higher than that in patients without CMV viremia (P = 0.003), and patients with CD8 more than 250/μL had a better prognosis (P = 0.02). CMV viremia increases the risk of a poor prognosis in patients with AIDS and a disseminated NTM infection. A routine CMV DNA test should be performed on patients with AIDS and disseminated NTM disease in order to reduce the risk of death.
- Published
- 2021
46. Fe ion irradiation effects on the precipitates of P92 steel after thermomechanical treatment
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Yinzhong Shen, Zhijun Fan, and Jiazheng Wang
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,General Materials Science - Published
- 2023
47. Nanosized oxide phases in oxide-dispersion-strengthened steel PM2000
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Dehui Li, Jian Lin, Yuan Wang, Yinzhong Shen, Yifeng Chen, Bocong Liu, and Hui Wang
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Fusion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials science ,chemistry ,Nuclear fission ,fungi ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Oxide ,Composite material ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Dispersion (chemistry) - Abstract
Oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steels are promising material candidates for nuclear fission and fusion applications. Nanosized oxide particles in as-rolled ODS steel PM2000 were investigated b...
- Published
- 2021
48. Leveraging a Preexisting Global Infectious Disease Network for Local Decision Making During a Pandemic
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James V. Lawler, Jocelyn J. Herstein, Bum Sik Chin, John J. Lowe, Timo Wolf, Yee Sin Leo, Shawn Vasoo, Angela L. Hewlett, and Yinzhong Shen
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Microbiology (medical) ,Isolation (health care) ,Best practice ,Decision Making ,communicable diseases ,Viewpoints Article ,Pandemic ,Humans ,Medicine ,Pandemics ,clinical networking ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Transmission (medicine) ,emerging ,COVID-19 ,Outbreak ,medicine.disease ,health emergencies ,AcademicSubjects/MED00290 ,Infectious Diseases ,Infectious disease (medical specialty) ,Preparedness ,disease outbreaks ,Emerging infectious disease ,Medical emergency ,business - Abstract
Emerging infectious disease epidemics require a rapid response from health systems; however, evidence-based consensus guidelines are generally absent early in the course of events. Formed in 2017 by 5 high-level isolation units spanning 3 continents, the experience of the Global Infectious Disease Preparedness Network (GIDPN) early in the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) provides a model for accelerating best practice development and improving decision-making in health emergencies. The network served as a platform for real-time, open and transparent information-sharing during unknowns of an active outbreak by clinicians caring for patients, by researchers conducting clinical trials and transmission and infection prevention studies, and by teams advising local and national policy makers. Shared knowledge led to earlier adoption of some treatment modalities as compared to most peer institutions and to implementation of protocols prior to incorporation into national guidelines. GIDPN and similar networks are integral in enhancing preparedness for and response to future epidemics/pandemics.
- Published
- 2021
49. Urinary biomarkers of early renal injury in antiretroviral‐naïve HIV‐positive persons in Shanghai, China: comparison with the general population
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Jun Chen, J R Wang, Hong Lu, Renfang Zhang, Wei Song, J N Xun, Xiaojun Zhang, Corky Steinhart, Yinzhong Shen, Z Y Gong, Yi-Wei Tang, J J Sun, Lu Ming Liu, Zhenyan Wang, Tangkai Qi, X Q Le, and D P Liu
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,China ,Population ,Renal function ,HIV Infections ,Lipocalin ,Kidney ,Gastroenterology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Lipocalin-2 ,Bayesian multivariate linear regression ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,urinary biomarkers ,education ,Original Research ,Creatinine ,education.field_of_study ,Proteinuria ,propensity score matching ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Urinary biomarkers ,HIV infection ,030112 virology ,Infectious Diseases ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,chemistry ,Propensity score matching ,kidney injury ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
OBJECTIVES People living with HIV (PLWH) have a high risk of kidney injury. Measurement of serum creatinine, along with proteinuria, is not sensitive to detect early kidney injury. Here, we investigated novel urinary biomarkers of early renal injury in PLWH. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 166 antiretroviral-naive PLWH and 99 HIV-negative persons who all had an estimated glomerular filtration rate > 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 . We compared the levels of seven urinary biomarkers between the two groups using the propensity score matching (PSM) approach and explored the risk factors associated with elevated urinary biomarkers in PLWH. RESULTS Eighty-three pairs were successfully matched based on PSM. Compared with the HIV-negative group, the HIV-positive group had higher ratios of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) to urine creatinine (UCr), alpha1-microglobulin (α1-M) to UCr, kidney injury marker-1 (KIM-1) to UCr, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin to UCr, and epidermal growth factor to UCr, whereas the Tamm-Horsfall protein to UCr ratio and the abnormal albumin to UCr ratio were not significantly different. Positive correlations were observed between HIV RNA level and NAG: UCr (rs = 0.32; P
- Published
- 2021
50. Neutralization of five SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern by convalescent and BBIBP-CorV vaccinee serum
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Yuqi Zhu, Xinyi Yang, Jingna Xun, Jun Liu, Qing Wen, Yixiao Lin, Xiaoting Shen, Jun Chen, Songhua Yuan, Xiaying Zhao, Jing Wang, Hanyu Pan, Jinlong Yang, Zhiming Liang, Yue Liang, Qinru Lin, Huitong Liang, Min Li, Jianping Liu, Yinzhong Shen, Xiaoyan Zhang, Pengfei Wang, Daru Lu, Chunhua Yin, Jianqing Xu, Shibo Jiang, Hongzhou Lu, and Huanzhang Zhu
- Subjects
Virology ,Immunology ,Molecular Medicine - Abstract
The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) is still escalating throughout the world. However, the level of neutralization of the inactivated viral vaccine recipients' sera and convalescent sera against all VOCs, including B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) remains to be lack of comparative analysis. Therefore, we constructed pseudoviruses of five VOCs using a lentiviral-based system and analyzed their viral infectivity and neutralization resistance to convalescent and BBIBP-CorV vaccinee serum at different times. Our results show that, compared with the wild-type strain (WT), five VOC pseudoviruses showed higher infection, of which B.1.617.2 and B.1.1.529 variant pseudoviruses exhibited higher infection rates than wild-type or other VOC strains, respectively. Sera from 10 vaccinated individuals at the 1, 3 and 5-month post second dose or from 10 convalescent at 14 and 200 days after discharge retained neutralizing activity against all strains but exhibited decreased neutralization activity significantly against the five VOC variant pseudoviruses over time compared to WT. Notably, 100% (30/30) of the vaccinee serum samples showed more than a 2.5-fold reduction in neutralizing activity against B.1.1.529, and 90% (18/20) of the convalescent serum samples showed more than 2.5-fold reduction in neutralization against B.1.1.529. These findings demonstrate the reduced protection against the VOCs in vaccinated and convalescent individuals over time, indicating that it is necessary to have a booster shot and develop new vaccines capable of eliciting broad neutralization antibodies.
- Published
- 2022
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