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AbstractWith the emerging trend of researching teacher identity from using qualitative approach to adopting quantitative or mixed-methods approach, it is essential and significant to develop instruments for measuring this construct. This paper reports on the development and validation of a measurement tool, the English Teacher Identity Measure (ETIM). ETIM is designed to measure in-service English teachers’ identity levels. In accordance with DeVellis (2017) scale development guidelines, ETIM was developed following the procedure: (a) defining the construct and identifying indicators; (b) creating item pool; (c) seeking expert advice and validating the translation. The psychometric properties of the ETIM were explored on two separate participant groups. First, the initial 24-item ETIM was piloted online with 103 Chinese university EFL teachers for factor structure. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) resulted in a 19-item scale with four factors: (a) future perspective, (b) career perception, (c) teacher belief, and (d) self-efficacy. Secondly, the 19-item ETIM was used to collect data from 331 university EFL teachers in a provincial capital city. The confirmatory composite analysis (CCA) using Smart PLS3.3.9 software confirmed the 19-item ETIM. The applications of the ETIM are discussed, and recommendations for future research are made in this paper.

This study presents a bibliometric review of teacher professional identity (TPI) research from 2004 to 2023. 4,066 SSCI-indexed papers retrieved from the Web of Science database were identified for analysis using CiteSpace. The major findings are: (1) The publications have increased significantly from 2004 to 2021, there is a slight decline in recent 2 years. (2) Top contributing country, institution, and journal are the US, University of London, Teaching and Teacher Education respectively. (3) The top productive authors are Yuan Rui, Trent John, and Nazari Mostafa respectively, the top cited authors are Beijaard D, Gee JP, and Lave J. (4) TPI research has evolved in terms of multiple theoretical lens, diversity of discipline and participants, and methodological shift. (5) Emerging trends include teacher agency, positioning theory, and English-medium instruction (EMI) policy. This study has implications for future researchers.

This study aimed to investigate how English teachers' identity (ETI) levels vary based on different sociodemographic backgrounds in Algeria. To this end, a survey research design was adopted by utilizing a questionnaire as research instrument: The first of section elicits information about teachers' background information, including age, professional title, teaching experience, leadership position, salary level, and family condition. The second section is Yan's (2024) 19-item English Teacher Identity Measure (ETIM) to measure the teachers' levels of ETI, which consists of four indicators: self-efficacy (SE), future perspective (FP), teacher belief (TB), and career perception (CP). By using convenience sampling, an online questionnaire was emailed to 170 tertiary EFL teachers from different regions in Western Algeria, and 105 teachers voluntarily participated in this study. 30 of them participated in the pilot study and the remaining 75 teachers' responses were analyzed using SPSS. The data revealed significantly different ETI levels according to years of teaching experience. The findings showed that teachers who scored the lowest ETI levels were PhD holders, lecturers, teachers of the 1980s generation and middle-level leaders. This study informs teacher management and teacher educators of those particular teacher groups that need more support.

Spatial light modulators, as dynamic flat-panel optical devices, have witnessed rapid development over the past two decades, concomitant with the advancements in micro- and opto-electronic integration technology. In particular, liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) technologies have been regarded as versatile tools for generating arbitrary optical fields and tailoring all degrees of freedom beyond just phase and amplitude. These devices have gained significant interest in the nascent field of structured light in space and time, facilitated by their ease of use and real-time light manipulation, fueling both fundamental research and practical applications. Here we provide an overview of the key working principles of LC-SLMs and review the significant progress made to date in their deployment for various applications, covering topics as diverse as beam shaping and steering, holography, optical trapping and tweezers, measurement, wavefront coding, optical vortex, and quantum optics. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on the potential opportunities and technical challenges in this rapidly developing field.

Abstract. Background:. Reperfusion therapy is fundamental for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the details of contemporary practice and factors associated with reperfusion therapy in China are largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore reperfusion practice and its associated factors among hospitalized patients with STEMI in China. Methods:. Patients with STEMI who were admitted to 159 tertiary hospitals from 30 provinces in China were included in the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China–Acute Coronary Syndrome project from November 2014 to December 2019. The associations of the characteristics of patients and hospitals with reperfusion were examined using hierarchical logistic regression. The associations between therapies and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events were examined with a mixed effects Cox regression model. Results:. Among the 59,447 patients, 37,485 (63.1%) underwent reperfusion, including 4556 (7.7%) receiving fibrinolysis and 32,929 (55.4%) receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The reperfusion rate varied across geographical regions (48.0%–73.5%). The overall rate increased from 60.0% to 69.7% from 2014 to 2019, mainly due to an increase in primary PCI within 12 h of symptom onset. Timely PCI, but not fibrinolysis alone, was associated with a decreased risk of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events compared with no reperfusion, with an adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.64 (0.54,0.76) for primary PCI at

Abstract Virtual synchronous generator (VSG), which can behave with analogous characteristics as the conventional synchronous generator (SG) and provide voltage and inertia/damping support, is universally regarded as a grid‐friendly interface. Here, the comprehensive sequence‐impedance model of the VSG is developed by using the harmonic linearization method. To improve the accuracy of impedance model, the influences of the reactive power loop (RPL) and mirror frequency effect (MFE) are discussed and evaluated for the first time. Three different impedance models of the VSG (conventional, considering RPL, and considering both MFE and RPL) are derived and compared in detail. Besides, the synchronous frequency resonance (SFR) issue and grid‐interactive oscillation risk of the VSG are also investigated. The results indicate that the VSG may suffer from power oscillation when the integral coefficient of RPL is too large, but has excellent robustness and stability when connected to weak grid. This feature makes it more appealing in weak grid integration. Finally, the validity of the theoretical analysis is verified by simulations and experiments.

BackgroundLittle is known about the current scenario of inter-hospital transfer for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in China.MethodsFrom November 2014 to December 2019, 94,623 AMI patients were enrolled from 241 hospitals in 30 provinces in China. We analyzed the pattern of inter-hospital transfer, and compared in-hospital treatments and outcomes between transferred patients and directly admitted patients.ResultsOf these patients, 40,970 (43.3%) were transferred from hospitals that did not provide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The proportion of patients who were transferred from non-PCI hospital was 46.3% and 11.9% (P < 0.001) in tertiary hospitals and secondary hospitals, respectively; 56.2% and 37.3% (P < 0.001) in hospitals locating in low-economic regions and affluent areas, respectively. Compared with directly admitted patients, transferred patients had lower rates of reperfusion for STEMI (57.8% vs. 65.2%, P < 0.001) and timely PCI for NSTEMI (34.7%vs. 41.1%, P < 0.001). The delay for STEMI patients were long, with 6.5h vs. 4.5h from symptom onset to PCI for transferred and directly admitted patients, respectively. The median time-point was 9 days for in-hospital outcomes. Compared with direct admission, the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals associated with inter-hospital transfer were 0.87 (0.75–1.01) and 0.87 (0.73–1.03) for major adverse cardiovascular events and total mortality, respectively, in inverse probability of treatment weighting models in patients with STEMI, and 1.02 (0.71–1.48) and 0.98 (0.70–1.35), respectively, in patients with NSTEMI.ConclusionMore than 40% of the hospitalized AMI patients were transferred from non-PCI-capable hospitals in China. Further strategies are needed to enhance the capability of revascularization and reduce the inequality in management of AMI.

BackgroundThe status of hypertension in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unknown in China.MethodsThis study used data from patients hospitalized with AF recruited by the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-AF (CCC-AF) project from 236 hospitals enrolled by geographic-economic level in China from 2015 to 2019. The prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension in patients hospitalized with AF were estimated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension.ResultsAmong 60,390 patients hospitalized with AF, the prevalence of hypertension according to the 2018 Chinese hypertension guidelines was 66.1%. The awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension were 80.3, 55.8, and 39.9%, respectively. Among patients treated for hypertension, the treatment control rate was 46.2%. These rates varied according to patient clinical characteristics and geographic regions. The young (18–44 and 45–54 years old), rural insurance, alcohol drinking, history of heart failure, valvular AF, first diagnosed AF, and permanent AF, were associated with uncontrolled hypertension. Under the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) hypertension guidelines, the prevalence of hypertension was 79.3%, and the control and treatment control rates dropped to 16.7 and 21.2%, respectively.ConclusionHypertension is common in patients hospitalized with AF in China. Although most patients were aware of their hypertensive status, the treatment and control rates of hypertension were still low. The management of hypertension in patients with AF needs to be further improved.

Finding appropriate strategies to increase the robustness through turbulence with extended depth of focus (DOF) is a common requirement in developing high-resolution imaging through air or water media. However, conventional lenses with a specially designed structure require high manufacturing costs and are limited by a lack of dynamic modulation characteristics. Spatial light modulators (SLMs) are unique flat-panel optical devices which can overcome the distance limitation of beam propagation for the dynamic modulation property. In this work, we address the dynamic generation of a steady optical beam (STOB) based on the mechanism of transverse wave vector elimination. STOBs generated by the SLM have significant advantages over Gaussian beams for the characteristics of peak intensity, robust propagation, extended-DOF beam profile, and dynamic wavefront modulation over a long distance under strong turbulent media. Our versatile, extensible, and flexible method has promising application scenarios for the realization of turbulence-resistant circumstances.