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1. The HIBEAM program: search for neutron oscillations at the ESS

Author

Santoro, V., Milstead, D., Fierlinger, P., Snow, W. M., Barrow, J., Bartis, M., Bentley, P., Björk, L., Brooijmans, G., de la Cour, N., Di Julio, D. D., Dunne, K., Eriksson, H., Ferreira, M. J., Friman-Gayer, U., Holl, M., Kamyshkov, Y., Kemp, E., Kickulies, M., Kolevatov, R., Johansson, H. T., Jönsson, B., Lejon, W., Damian, J. I. Marquez, Meirose, B., Nepomuceno, A., Nilsson, T., Oskarsson, A., Pasechnik, R., Persson, L. B., Rataj, B., Rogers, J., Silverstein, S., Stadnik, Y. V., Wagner, R., Wolker, M., Yiu, S. C., and Zanini, L.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

With the construction of the European Spallation Source, a remarkable opportunity has emerged to conduct high sensitivity searches for neutron oscillations, including a first search for thirty years for free neutrons converting to antineutrons. Furthermore, searches can be made for transitions of neutrons and antineutrons to sterile neutron states. Upgrades to the ESS infrastructure allow an improved HIBEAM design that would provide an increase in sensitivity by an order of magnitude compared to previous work. The HIBEAM program focuses on processes that violate baryon number by one or two units. The observation of a process satisfying one of the Sakharov conditions addresses the open question of the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe. Sterile neutron states would belong to a `dark' sector of particles which may explain dark matter. As electrically neutral, meta-stable objects that can be copiously produced and studied, neutrons represent an attractive portal to a `dark' sector. The HIBEAM instrument can also be utilised for other purposes such as direct searches for ultralight axion dark matter. This paper describes the capability, design, infrastructure, and potential of the HIBEAM program. This includes a dedicated beamline, neutron optical system, magnetic shielding and control, and detectors for neutrons and antineutrons., Comment: 58 pages, 23 figures

Published
2023

2. HighNESS Conceptual Design Report: Volume I

Author

Santoro, V., Kheir, O. Abou El, Acharya, D., Akhyani, M., Andersen, K. H., Barrow, J., Bentley, P., Bernasconi, M., Bertelsen, M., Bessler, Y., Bianchi, A., Brooijmans, G., Broussard, L., Brys, T., Busi, M., Campi, D., Chambon, A., Chen, J., Czamler, V., Deen, P., DiJulio, D. D., Dian, E., Draskovits, L., Dunne, K., Barbari, M. El, Ferreira, M. J., Fierlinger, P., Fröst, V. T., Folsom, B. T., Friman-Gayer, U., Gaye, A., Gorini, G., Gustafsson, A., Gutberlet, T., Happe, C., Han, X., Hartl, M., Holl, M., Jackson, A., Kemp, E., Kamyshkov, Y., Kittelmann, T., Klinkby, E. B., Kolevatov, R., Laporte, S. I., Lauritzen, B., Lejon, W., Linander, R., Lindroos, M., Marko, M., Damián, J. I. Márquez, McClanahan, T. C., Meirose, B., Mezei, F., Michel, K., Milstead, D., Muhrer, G., Nepomuceno, A., Neshvizhevsky, V., Nilsson, T., Odén, U., Plivelic, T., Ramic, K., Rataj, B., Remec, I., Rizzi, N., Rogers, J., Rosenthal, E., Rosta, L., Rücker, U., Samothrakitis, S., Schreyer, A., Selknaes, J. R., Shuai, H., Silverstein, S., Snow, W. M., Strobl, M., Strothmann, M., Takibayev, A., Wagner, R., Willendrup, P., Xu, S., Yiu, S. C., Yngwe, L., Young, A. R., Wolke, M., Zakalek, P., Zavorka, L., Zanini, L., and Zimmer, O.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The European Spallation Source, currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a multidisciplinary international laboratory. Once completed to full specifications, it will operate the world's most powerful pulsed neutron source. Supported by a 3 million Euro Research and Innovation Action within the EU Horizon 2020 program, a design study (HighNESS) has been completed to develop a second neutron source located below the spallation target. Compared to the first source, designed for high cold and thermal brightness, the new source has been optimized to deliver higher intensity, and a shift to longer wavelengths in the spectral regions of cold (CN, 2--20\,\AA), very cold (VCN, 10--120\,\AA), and ultracold (UCN, ${>}\,{500}$\,\AA) neutrons. The second source comprises a large liquid deuterium moderator designed to produce CN and support secondary VCN and UCN sources. Various options have been explored in the proposed designs, aiming for world-leading performance in neutronics. These designs will enable the development of several new instrument concepts and facilitate the implementation of a high-sensitivity neutron-antineutron oscillation experiment (NNBAR). This document serves as the Conceptual Design Report for the HighNESS project, representing its final deliverable., Comment: 269 pages, 255 figures. Volume I of the final deliverable of the HighNESS Project (HORIZON 2020 grant agreement ID: 951782)

Published
2023
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3. Particle Physics at the European Spallation Source

Author

Abele, H., Alekou, A., Algora, A., Andersen, K., Baessler, S., Barron-Palos, L., Barrow, J., Baussan, E., Bentley, P., Berezhiani, Z., Bessler, Y., Bhattacharyya, A. K., Bianchi, A., Bijnens, J., Blanco, C., Kraljevic, N. Blaskovic, Blennow, M., Bodek, K., Bogomilov, M., Bohm, C., Bolling, B., Bouquerel, E., Brooijmans, G., Broussard, L. J., Buchan, O., Burgman, A., Calen, H., Carlile, C. J., Cederkall, J., Chanel, E., Christiansen, P., Cirigliano, V., Collar, J. I., Collins, M., Crawford, C. B., Morales, E. Cristaldo, Cupial, P., D'Alessi, L., Damian, J. I. M., Danared, H., Dancila, D., de Andre, J. P. A. M., Delahaye, J. P., Degenkolb, S., Di Julio, D. D., Dracos, M., Dunne, K., Efthymiopoulos, I., Ekelof, T., Eklund, L., Eshraqi, M., Esteban, I., Fanourakis, G., Farricker, A., Fernandez-Martinez, E., Ferreira, M. J., Fertl, M., Fierlinger, P., Folsom, B., Frank, A., Fratangelo, A., Friman-Gayer, U., Fukuda, T., Fynbo, H . O . U., Sosa, A. Garcia, Gazis, N., Galnander, B., Geralis, Th., Ghosh, M., Gokbulut, G., Gomez-Cadenas, J . J., Gonzalez-Alonso, M., Gonzalez, F., Halic, L., Happe, C., Heil, P., Heinz, A., Herde, H., Holl, M., Jenke, T., Jenssen, M., Jericha, E., Johansson, H. T., Johansson, R., Johansson, T., Kamyshkov, Y., Topaksu, A. Kayis, Kildetoft, B., Kirch, K., Klicek, B., Klinkby, E., Kolevatov, R., Konrad, G., Koziol, M., Krhac, K., Kupsc, A., Lacny, L., Larizgoitia, L., Lewis, C. M., Lindroos, M., Lychagin, E., Lytken, E., Maiano, C., Marciniewski, P., Markaj, G., Markisch, B., Marrelli, C., Martins, C., Meirose, B., Mezzetto, M., Milas, N., Milstead, D., Monrabal, F., Muhrer, G., Nepomuceno, A., Nesvizhevsky, V., Nilsson, T., Novella, P., Oglakci, M., Ohlsson, T., Olvegard, M., Oskarsson, A., Ota, T., Park, J., Patrzalek, D., Perrey, H., Persoz, M., Petkov, G., Piegsa, F. M., Pistillo, C., Poussot, P., Privitera, P., Rataj, B., Ries, D., Rizzi, N., Rosauro-Alcaraz, S., Rozpedzik, D., Saiang, D., Santoro, V., Schmidt, U., Schober, H., Schulthess, I., Silverstein, S., Simon, A., Sina, H., Snamina, J., Snow, W. M., Soldner, T., Stavropoulos, G., Stipcevic, M., Szybinski, B., Takibayev, A., Tang, Z., Tarkeshian, R., Theroine, C., Thorne, J., Terranova, F., Thomas, J., Tolba, T., Torres-Sanchez, P., Trachanas, E., Tsenov, R., Uggerhoj, U. I., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Vassilopoulos, N., Wagner, R., Wang, X., Wildner, E., Wolke, M., Wurtz, J., Yiu, S. C., Yoon, S. G., Young, A. R., Zanini, L., Zejma, J., Zerzion, D., Zimmer, O., Zormpa, O., and Zou, Y.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world's brightest neutron source. As such, it has the potential for a particle physics program with a unique reach and which is complementary to that available at other facilities. This paper describes proposed particle physics activities for the ESS. These encompass the exploitation of both the neutrons and neutrinos produced at the ESS for high precision (sensitivity) measurements (searches)., Comment: 121 pages, updated version after referee comments

Published
2022
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4. The Development of the NNBAR Experiment

Author

Backman, F., Barrow, J., Beßler, Y., Bianchi, A., Bohm, C., Brooijmans, G., Broussard, L. J., Calen, H., Cederkäll, J., Damian, J. I. M., Dian, E., Di Julio, D. D., Dunne, K., Eklund, L., Ferreira, M. J., Fierlinger, P., Friman-Gayer, U., Happe, C., Holl, M., Johansson, T., Kamyshkov, Y., Klinkby, E., Kolevatov, R., Kupsc, A., Meirose, B., Milstead, D., Nepomuceno, A., Nilsson, T., Oskarsson, A., Perrey, H., Ramic, K., Rataj, B., Rizzi, N., Santoro, V., Silverstein, S., Snow, W. M., Takibayev, A., Wagner, R., Wolke, M., Yiu, S. C., Young, A. R., Zanini, L., and Zimmer, O.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The NNBAR experiment for the European Spallation Source will search for free neutrons converting to antineutrons with a sensitivity improvement of three orders of magnitude compared to the last such search. This paper describes progress towards a conceptual design report for NNBAR. The design of a moderator, neutron reflector, beamline, shielding and annihilation detector is reported. The simulations used form part of a model which will be used for optimisation of the experiment design and quantification of its sensitivity., Comment: 30 pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Instrumentation (JINST)

Published
2022
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5. Development of a High Intensity Neutron Source at the European Spallation Source: The HighNESS project

Author

Santoro, V., Andersen, K. H., Bernasconi, M., Bertelsen, M., Beßler, Y., Campi, D., Czamler, V., Di Julio, D. D., Diane, E., Dunne, K., Fierlinger, P., Gaye, A., Gorini, G., Happe, C., Kittelmann, T., Klinkby, E. B., Kokai, Z., Kolevatov, R., Lauritzen, B., Linander, R., Damian, J. I. Marquez, Meirose, B., Mezei, F., Milstead, D., Muhrer, G., Ramic, K., Rataj, B., Rizzi, N., Samothrakitis, S., Selknaes, J. R., Silverstein, S., Strobl, M., Strothmann, M., Takibayev, A., Wagner, R., Willendrup, P., Yiu, S. -C., Zanini, L., and Zimmer, O.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The European Spallation Source (ESS), presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a multidisciplinary international laboratory that will operate the world's most powerful pulsed neutron source. Supported by a 3M Euro Research and Innovation Action within the EU Horizon 2020 program, a design study (HighNESS) is now underway to develop a second neutron source below the spallation target. Compared to the first source, located above the spallation target and designed for high cold and thermal brightness, the new source will provide higher intensity, and a shift to longer wavelengths in the spectral regions of cold (2 /- 20 {\AA}), very cold (VCN, 10 /- 120 {\AA}), and ultra cold (UCN, > 500 {\AA}) neutrons. The core of the second source will consist of a large liquid deuterium moderator to deliver a high flux of cold neutrons and to serve secondary VCN and UCN sources, for which different options are under study. The features of these new sources will boost several areas of condensed matter research and will provide unique opportunities in fundamental physics. Part of the HighNESS project is also dedicated to the development of future instruments that will make use of the new source and will complement the initial suite of instruments in construction at ESS. The HighNESS project started in October 2020. In this paper, the ongoing developments and the results obtained in the first year are described., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, 14th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Applications of Accelerators, November 30 to December 4, 2021, Washington, DC

Published
2022

6. The HIBEAM/NNBAR Calorimeter Prototype

Author

Dunne, K., Meirose, B., Milstead, D., Oskarsson, A., Santoro, V., Silverstein, S., and Yiu, S-C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The HIBEAM/NNBAR experiment is a free-neutron search for $n \rightarrow$ sterile $n$ and $n \rightarrow \bar{n}$ oscillations planned to be installed at the European Spallation Source under construction in Lund, Sweden. A key component in the experiment is the detector to identify $n-\bar{n}$ annihilation events, which will produce on average four pions with a final state invariant mass of two nucleons, around $1.9\,$GeV. The beamline and experiment are shielded from magnetic fields which would suppress $n \rightarrow \bar{n}$ transitions, thus no momentum measurement will be possible. Additionally, calorimetry for particles with kinetic energies below $600\,$MeV is challenging, as traditional sampling calorimeters used in HEP would suffer from poor shower statistics. A design study is underway to use a novel approach of a hadronic range measurement in multiple plastic scintillator layers, followed by EM calorimetery with lead glass. A prototype calorimeter system is being built, and will eventually be installed at an ESS test beam line for \textit{in situ} neutron background studies., Comment: Contribution to the International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP2021)

Published
2021
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7. A Computing and Detector Simulation Framework for the HIBEAM/NNBAR Experimental Program at the ESS

Author

Barrow, J., Brooijmans, G., Damian, J. I. M., DiJulio, D., Dunne, K., Frost, M., Golubeva, E., Kamyshkov, Y., Kittelmann, T., Klinkby, E., Kókai, Z., Makkinje, J., Meirose, B., Milstead, D., Nepomuceno, A., Oskarsson, A., Ramic, K., Rizzi, N., Santoro, V., Silverstein, S., Takibayev, A., Wagner, R., Yiu, S-C., Zanini, L., and Zimmer, O.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The HIBEAM/NNBAR program is a proposed two-stage experiment at the European Spallation Source focusing on searches for baryon number violation via processes in which neutrons convert to antineutrons. This paper outlines the computing and detector simulation framework for the HIBEAM/NNBAR program. The simulation is based on predictions of neutron flux and neutronics together with signal and background generation. A range of diverse simulation packages are incorporated, including Monte Carlo transport codes, neutron ray-tracing simulation packages, and detector simulation software. The common simulation package in which these elements are interfaced together is discussed. Data management plans and triggers are also described., Comment: Contribution to CHEP2021. Accepted for publication in the European Physical Journal (EPJ) Web of Conferences

Published
2021
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8. HighNESS conceptual design report: Volume II. the NNBAR experiment

Author

Santoro, V, Abou El Kheir, O, Acharya, D, Akhyani, M, Andersen, K, Barrow, J, Bentley, P, Bernasconi, M, Bertelsen, M, Beßler, Y, Bianchi, A, Brooijmans, G, Broussard, L, Brys, T, Busi, M, Campi, D, Chambon, A, Chen, J, Czamler, V, Deen, P, Dijulio, D, Dian, E, Draskovits, L, Dunne, K, El Barbari, M, Ferreira, M, Fierlinger, P, Fröst, V, Folsom, B, Friman-Gayer, U, Gaye, A, Gorini, G, Gustafsson, A, Gutberlet, T, Happe, C, Han, X, Hartl, M, Holl, M, Jackson, A, Kemp, E, Kamyshkov, Y, Kittelmann, T, Klinkby, E, Kolevatov, R, Laporte, S, Lauritzen, B, Lejon, W, Linander, R, Lindroos, M, Marko, M, Márquez Damián, J, Mcclanahan, T, Meirose, B, Mezei, F, Michel, K, Milstead, D, Muhrer, G, Nepomuceno, A, Neshvizhevsky, V, Nilsson, T, Odén, U, Plivelic, T, Ramic, K, Rataj, B, Remec, I, Rizzi, N, Rogers, J, Rosenthal, E, Rosta, L, Rücker, U, Samothrakitis, S, Schreyer, A, Selknaes, J, Shuai, H, Silverstein, S, Snow, W, Strobl, M, Strothmann, M, Takibayev, A, Wagner, R, Willendrup, P, Xu, S, Yiu, S, Yngwe, L, Young, A, Wolke, M, Zakalek, P, Zavorka, L, Zanini, L, Zimmer, O, Santoro V., Abou El Kheir O., Acharya D., Akhyani M., Andersen K. H., Barrow J., Bentley P., Bernasconi M., Bertelsen M., Beßler Y., Bianchi A., Brooijmans G., Broussard L., Brys T., Busi M., Campi D., Chambon A., Chen J., Czamler V., Deen P., Dijulio D. D., Dian E., Draskovits L., Dunne K., El Barbari M., Ferreira M. J., Fierlinger P., Fröst V. T., Folsom B. T., Friman-Gayer U., Gaye A., Gorini G., Gustafsson A., Gutberlet T., Happe C., Han X., Hartl M., Holl M., Jackson A., Kemp E., Kamyshkov Y., Kittelmann T., Klinkby E. B., Kolevatov R., Laporte S. I., Lauritzen B., Lejon W., Linander R., Lindroos M., Marko M., Márquez Damián J. I., McClanahan T. C., Meirose B., Mezei F., Michel K., Milstead D., Muhrer G., Nepomuceno A., Neshvizhevsky V., Nilsson T., Odén U., Plivelic T., Ramic K., Rataj B., Remec I., Rizzi N., Rogers J., Rosenthal E., Rosta L., Rücker U., Samothrakitis S., Schreyer A., Selknaes J. R., Shuai H., Silverstein S., Snow W. M., Strobl M., Strothmann M., Takibayev A., Wagner R., Willendrup P., Xu S., Yiu S. C., Yngwe L., Young A. R., Wolke M., Zakalek P., Zavorka L., Zanini L., Zimmer O., Santoro, V, Abou El Kheir, O, Acharya, D, Akhyani, M, Andersen, K, Barrow, J, Bentley, P, Bernasconi, M, Bertelsen, M, Beßler, Y, Bianchi, A, Brooijmans, G, Broussard, L, Brys, T, Busi, M, Campi, D, Chambon, A, Chen, J, Czamler, V, Deen, P, Dijulio, D, Dian, E, Draskovits, L, Dunne, K, El Barbari, M, Ferreira, M, Fierlinger, P, Fröst, V, Folsom, B, Friman-Gayer, U, Gaye, A, Gorini, G, Gustafsson, A, Gutberlet, T, Happe, C, Han, X, Hartl, M, Holl, M, Jackson, A, Kemp, E, Kamyshkov, Y, Kittelmann, T, Klinkby, E, Kolevatov, R, Laporte, S, Lauritzen, B, Lejon, W, Linander, R, Lindroos, M, Marko, M, Márquez Damián, J, Mcclanahan, T, Meirose, B, Mezei, F, Michel, K, Milstead, D, Muhrer, G, Nepomuceno, A, Neshvizhevsky, V, Nilsson, T, Odén, U, Plivelic, T, Ramic, K, Rataj, B, Remec, I, Rizzi, N, Rogers, J, Rosenthal, E, Rosta, L, Rücker, U, Samothrakitis, S, Schreyer, A, Selknaes, J, Shuai, H, Silverstein, S, Snow, W, Strobl, M, Strothmann, M, Takibayev, A, Wagner, R, Willendrup, P, Xu, S, Yiu, S, Yngwe, L, Young, A, Wolke, M, Zakalek, P, Zavorka, L, Zanini, L, Zimmer, O, Santoro V., Abou El Kheir O., Acharya D., Akhyani M., Andersen K. H., Barrow J., Bentley P., Bernasconi M., Bertelsen M., Beßler Y., Bianchi A., Brooijmans G., Broussard L., Brys T., Busi M., Campi D., Chambon A., Chen J., Czamler V., Deen P., Dijulio D. D., Dian E., Draskovits L., Dunne K., El Barbari M., Ferreira M. J., Fierlinger P., Fröst V. T., Folsom B. T., Friman-Gayer U., Gaye A., Gorini G., Gustafsson A., Gutberlet T., Happe C., Han X., Hartl M., Holl M., Jackson A., Kemp E., Kamyshkov Y., Kittelmann T., Klinkby E. B., Kolevatov R., Laporte S. I., Lauritzen B., Lejon W., Linander R., Lindroos M., Marko M., Márquez Damián J. I., McClanahan T. C., Meirose B., Mezei F., Michel K., Milstead D., Muhrer G., Nepomuceno A., Neshvizhevsky V., Nilsson T., Odén U., Plivelic T., Ramic K., Rataj B., Remec I., Rizzi N., Rogers J., Rosenthal E., Rosta L., Rücker U., Samothrakitis S., Schreyer A., Selknaes J. R., Shuai H., Silverstein S., Snow W. M., Strobl M., Strothmann M., Takibayev A., Wagner R., Willendrup P., Xu S., Yiu S. C., Yngwe L., Young A. R., Wolke M., Zakalek P., Zavorka L., Zanini L., and Zimmer O.

Abstract

A key aim of the HighNESS project for the European Spallation Source is to enable cutting-edge particle physics experiments. This volume presents a conceptual design report for the NNBAR experiment. NNBAR would exploit a new cold lower moderator to make the first search in over thirty years for free neutrons converting to anti-neutrons. The observation of such a baryon-number-violating signature would be of fundamental significance and tackle open questions in modern physics, including the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry. This report shows the design of the beamline, supermirror focusing system, magnetic and radiation shielding, and anti-neutron detector necessary for the experiment. A range of simulation programs are employed to quantify the performance of the experiment and show how background can be suppressed. For a search with full background suppression, a sensitivity improvement of three orders of magnitude is expected, as compared with the previous search. Civil engineering studies for the NNBAR beamline are also shown, as is a costing model for the experiment.

Published
2024

9. The HighNESS Project at the European Spallation Source : Current Status and Future Perspectives

Author

Santoro, V., Andersen, K. H., Bentley, P., Bernasconi, M., Bertelsen, M., Bessler, Y., Bianchi, A., Brys, T., Campi, D., Chambon, A., Czamler, V., Di Julio, D. D., Dian, E., Dunne, Katherine, Ferreira, M. J., Fierlinger, P., Friman-Gayer, U., Folsom, B. T., Gaye, A., Gorini, G., Happe, C., Holl, M., Kamyshkov, Y., Kittelmann, T., Klinkby, E. B., Kolevatov, R., Laporte, S. I., Lauritzen, B., Damian, J. I. Marquez, Meirose, Bernhard, Mezei, F., Milstead, David A., Muhrer, G., Neshvizhevsky, V., Rataj, B., Rizzi, N., Rosta, L., Samothrakitis, S., Schober, H., Selknaes, J. R., Silverstein, Samuel B., Strobl, M., Strothmann, M., Takibayev, A., Wagner, R., Willendrup, P., Xu, S., Yiu, S. C., Zanini, L., Zimmer, O., Santoro, V., Andersen, K. H., Bentley, P., Bernasconi, M., Bertelsen, M., Bessler, Y., Bianchi, A., Brys, T., Campi, D., Chambon, A., Czamler, V., Di Julio, D. D., Dian, E., Dunne, Katherine, Ferreira, M. J., Fierlinger, P., Friman-Gayer, U., Folsom, B. T., Gaye, A., Gorini, G., Happe, C., Holl, M., Kamyshkov, Y., Kittelmann, T., Klinkby, E. B., Kolevatov, R., Laporte, S. I., Lauritzen, B., Damian, J. I. Marquez, Meirose, Bernhard, Mezei, F., Milstead, David A., Muhrer, G., Neshvizhevsky, V., Rataj, B., Rizzi, N., Rosta, L., Samothrakitis, S., Schober, H., Selknaes, J. R., Silverstein, Samuel B., Strobl, M., Strothmann, M., Takibayev, A., Wagner, R., Willendrup, P., Xu, S., Yiu, S. C., Zanini, L., and Zimmer, O.

Abstract

The European Spallation Source (ESS), presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a multidisciplinary international laboratory that, once completed at full specifications, will operate the world's most powerful pulsed neutron source. Supported by a 3 M Euro Research and Innovation Action within the European Union Horizon 2020 program, a design study (HighNESS) is now underway to develop a second neutron source located below the spallation target. Compared to the first source, which is located above the spallation target and designed for high cold and thermal brightness, the new source is being optimized to deliver higher intensity and a shift to longer wavelengths in the spectral regions of cold neutrons (CNs) (2 to 20 & Aring;), very cold neutrons (VCNs) (10 to 120 & Aring;), and ultracold neutrons (UCNs) (> 500 & Aring;). The second source consists of a large liquid deuterium moderator to deliver CNs and serve secondary VCN and UCN sources, for which different options are under study. These new sources will boost several areas of condensed matter research and will provide unique opportunities in fundamental physics. The HighNESS project is now entering its last year, and we are working toward the Conceptual Design Report of the ESS upgrade. In this paper, results obtained in the first 2 years, ongoing developments, and future perspectives are described.

Published
2024
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10. HighNESS conceptual design report:Volume II. the NNBAR experiment.

Author

Santoro, V., Abou El Kheir, O., Acharya, D., Akhyani, M., Andersen, K. H., Barrow, J., Bentley, P., Bernasconi, M., Bertelsen, M., Beßler, Y., Bianchi, A., Brooijmans, G., Broussard, L., Brys, T., Busi, M., Campi, D., Chambon, A., Chen, J., Czamler, V., Deen, P., Dijulio, D. D., Dian, E., Draskovits, L., Dunne, K., El Barbari, M., Ferreira, M. J., Fierlinger, P., Fröst, V. T., Folsom, B. T., Friman-Gayer, U., Gaye, A., Gorini, G., Gustafsson, A., Gutberlet, T., Happe, C., Han, X., Hartl, M., Holl, M., Jackson, A., Kemp, E., Kamyshkov, Y., Kittelmann, T., Klinkby, E. B., Kolevatov, R., Laporte, S. I., Lauritzen, B., Lejon, W., Linander, R., Lindroos, M., Marko, M., Márquez Damián, J. I., McClanahan, T. C., Meirose, B., Mezei, F., Michel, K., Milstead, D., Muhrer, G., Nepomuceno, A., Neshvizhevsky, V., Nilsson, T., Odén, U., Plivelic, T., Ramic, K., Rataj, B., Remec, I., Rizzi, N., Rogers, J., Rosenthal, E., Rosta, L., Rücker, U., Samothrakitis, S., Schreyer, A., Selknaes, J. R., Shuai, H., Silverstein, S., Snow, W. M., Strobl, M., Strothmann, M., Takibayev, A., Wagner, R., Willendrup, P., Xu, S., Yiu, S. C., Yngwe, L., Young, A. R., Wolke, M., Zakalek, P., Zavorka, L., Zanini, L., Zimmer, O., Santoro, V., Abou El Kheir, O., Acharya, D., Akhyani, M., Andersen, K. H., Barrow, J., Bentley, P., Bernasconi, M., Bertelsen, M., Beßler, Y., Bianchi, A., Brooijmans, G., Broussard, L., Brys, T., Busi, M., Campi, D., Chambon, A., Chen, J., Czamler, V., Deen, P., Dijulio, D. D., Dian, E., Draskovits, L., Dunne, K., El Barbari, M., Ferreira, M. J., Fierlinger, P., Fröst, V. T., Folsom, B. T., Friman-Gayer, U., Gaye, A., Gorini, G., Gustafsson, A., Gutberlet, T., Happe, C., Han, X., Hartl, M., Holl, M., Jackson, A., Kemp, E., Kamyshkov, Y., Kittelmann, T., Klinkby, E. B., Kolevatov, R., Laporte, S. I., Lauritzen, B., Lejon, W., Linander, R., Lindroos, M., Marko, M., Márquez Damián, J. I., McClanahan, T. C., Meirose, B., Mezei, F., Michel, K., Milstead, D., Muhrer, G., Nepomuceno, A., Neshvizhevsky, V., Nilsson, T., Odén, U., Plivelic, T., Ramic, K., Rataj, B., Remec, I., Rizzi, N., Rogers, J., Rosenthal, E., Rosta, L., Rücker, U., Samothrakitis, S., Schreyer, A., Selknaes, J. R., Shuai, H., Silverstein, S., Snow, W. M., Strobl, M., Strothmann, M., Takibayev, A., Wagner, R., Willendrup, P., Xu, S., Yiu, S. C., Yngwe, L., Young, A. R., Wolke, M., Zakalek, P., Zavorka, L., Zanini, L., and Zimmer, O.

Abstract

A key aim of the HighNESS project for the European Spallation Source is to enable cutting-edge particle physics experiments. This volume presents a conceptual design report for the NNBAR experiment. NNBAR would exploit a new cold lower moderator to make the first search in over thirty years for free neutrons converting to anti-neutrons. The observation of such a baryon-number-violating signature would be of fundamental significance and tackle open questions in modern physics, including the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry. This report shows the design of the beamline, supermirror focusing system, magnetic and radiation shielding, and anti-neutron detector necessary for the experiment. A range of simulation programs are employed to quantify the performance of the experiment and show how background can be suppressed. For a search with full background suppression, a sensitivity improvement of three orders of magnitude is expected, as compared with the previous search. Civil engineering studies for the NNBAR beamline are also shown, as is a costing model for the experiment.

Published
2024

11. The HighNESS Project at the European Spallation Source: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Author

Santoro, V., primary, Andersen, K. H., additional, Bentley, P., additional, Bernasconi, M., additional, Bertelsen, M., additional, Beßler, Y., additional, Bianchi, A., additional, Brys, T., additional, Campi, D., additional, Chambon, A., additional, Czamler, V., additional, Di Julio, D. D., additional, Dian, E., additional, Dunne, K., additional, Ferreira, M. J., additional, Fierlinger, P., additional, Friman-Gayer, U., additional, Folsom, B. T., additional, Gaye, A., additional, Gorini, G., additional, Happe, C., additional, Holl, M., additional, Kamyshkov, Y., additional, Kittelmann, T., additional, Klinkby, E. B., additional, Kolevatov, R., additional, Laporte, S. I., additional, Lauritzen, B., additional, Marquez Damian, J. I., additional, Meirose, B., additional, Mezei, F., additional, Milstead, D., additional, Muhrer, G., additional, Neshvizhevsky, V., additional, Rataj, B., additional, Rizzi, N., additional, Rosta, L., additional, Samothrakitis, S., additional, Schober, H., additional, Selknaes, J. R., additional, Silverstein, S., additional, Strobl, M., additional, Strothmann, M., additional, Takibayev, A., additional, Wagner, R., additional, Willendrup, P., additional, Xu, S., additional, Yiu, S. C., additional, Zanini, L., additional, and Zimmer, O., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
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12. Particle physics at the European Spallation Source

Author

Abele, H., Alekou, A., Algora, A., Andersen, K., Baessler, S., Barron-Palos, L., Barrow, J., Baussan, E., Bentley, P., Berezhiani, Z., Bessler, Y., Bhattacharyya, A. K., Bianchi, A., Bijnens, J., Blanco, C., Kraljevic, N. Blaskovic, Blennow, M., Bodek, K., Bogomilov, M., Bohm, C., Bolling, B., Bouquerel, E., Brooijmans, G., Broussard, L. J., Buchan, O., Burgman, A., Calén, Hans, Carlile, Colin J., Cederkall, J., Chanel, E., Christiansen, P., Cirigliano, V., Collar, J. I., Collins, M., Crawford, C. B., Morales, E. Cristaldo, Cupial, P., D'Alessi, L., Damian, J. I. M., Danared, H., Dancila, Dragos, de Andre, J. P. A. M., Delahaye, J. P., Degenkolb, S., Di Julio, D. D., Dracos, M., Dunne, K., Efthymiopoulos, I., Ekelöf, Tord, Eklund, Lars, Eshraqi, M., Esteban, I., Fanourakis, G., Farricker, A., Fernandez-Martinez, E., Ferreira, J., Fertl, M., Fierlinger, P., Folsom, B., Frank, A., Fratangelo, A., Friman-Gayer, U., Fukuda, T., Fynbo, H. O. U., Sosa, A. Garcia, Gazis, N., Galnander, B., Geralis, Th., Ghosh, M., Gokbulut, G., Gomez-Cadenas, J. J., Gonzalez-Alonso, M., Gonzalez, F., Halic, L., Happe, C., Heil, P., Heinz, A., Herde, H., Holl, M., Jenke, T., Jenssen, M., Jericha, E., Johansson, H. T., Johansson, R., Johansson, Tord, Kamyshkov, Y., Topaksu, A. Kayis, Kildetoft, B., Kirch, K., Klicek, B., Klinkby, E., Kolevatov, R., Konrad, G., Koziol, M., Krhac, K., Kupść, Andrzej, Lacny, L., Larizgoitia, L., Lewis, C. M., Lindroos, M., Lychagin, E., Lytken, E., Maiano, C., Marciniewski, Pawel, Markaj, G., Markisch, B., Marrelli, C., Martins, C., Meirose, B., Mezzetto, M., Milas, N., Milstead, D., Monrabal, F., Muhrer, G., Nepomuceno, A., Nesvizhevsky, V., Nilsson, T., Novella, P., Oglakci, M., Ohlsson, T., Olvegård, Maja, Oskarsson, A., Ota, T., Park, J., Patrzalek, D., Perrey, H., Persoz, M., Petkov, G., Piegsa, F. M., Pistillo, C., Poussot, P., Privitera, P., Rataj, B., Ries, D., Rizzi, N., Rosauro-Alcaraz, S., Rozpedzik, D., Saiang, D., Santoro, V., Schmidt, U., Schober, H., Schulthess, I., Silverstein, S., Simon, A., Sina, H., Snamina, J., Snow, W. M., Soldner, T., Stavropoulos, G., Stipcevic, M., Szybinski, B., Takibayev, A., Tang, Z., Tarkeshian, R., Theroine, C., Thorne, J., Terranova, F., Thomas, J., Tolba, T., Torres-Sanchez, P., Trachanas, E., Tsenov, R., Uggerhoj, U. I., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Vassilopoulos, N., Wagner, R., Wang, X., Wildner, E., Wolke, Magnus, Wurtz, J., Yiu, S. C., Yoon, S. G., Young, A. R., Zanini, L., Zejma, J., Zerzion, D., Zimmer, O., Zormpa, O., Zou, Ye, Abele, H., Alekou, A., Algora, A., Andersen, K., Baessler, S., Barron-Palos, L., Barrow, J., Baussan, E., Bentley, P., Berezhiani, Z., Bessler, Y., Bhattacharyya, A. K., Bianchi, A., Bijnens, J., Blanco, C., Kraljevic, N. Blaskovic, Blennow, M., Bodek, K., Bogomilov, M., Bohm, C., Bolling, B., Bouquerel, E., Brooijmans, G., Broussard, L. J., Buchan, O., Burgman, A., Calén, Hans, Carlile, Colin J., Cederkall, J., Chanel, E., Christiansen, P., Cirigliano, V., Collar, J. I., Collins, M., Crawford, C. B., Morales, E. Cristaldo, Cupial, P., D'Alessi, L., Damian, J. I. M., Danared, H., Dancila, Dragos, de Andre, J. P. A. M., Delahaye, J. P., Degenkolb, S., Di Julio, D. D., Dracos, M., Dunne, K., Efthymiopoulos, I., Ekelöf, Tord, Eklund, Lars, Eshraqi, M., Esteban, I., Fanourakis, G., Farricker, A., Fernandez-Martinez, E., Ferreira, J., Fertl, M., Fierlinger, P., Folsom, B., Frank, A., Fratangelo, A., Friman-Gayer, U., Fukuda, T., Fynbo, H. O. U., Sosa, A. Garcia, Gazis, N., Galnander, B., Geralis, Th., Ghosh, M., Gokbulut, G., Gomez-Cadenas, J. J., Gonzalez-Alonso, M., Gonzalez, F., Halic, L., Happe, C., Heil, P., Heinz, A., Herde, H., Holl, M., Jenke, T., Jenssen, M., Jericha, E., Johansson, H. T., Johansson, R., Johansson, Tord, Kamyshkov, Y., Topaksu, A. Kayis, Kildetoft, B., Kirch, K., Klicek, B., Klinkby, E., Kolevatov, R., Konrad, G., Koziol, M., Krhac, K., Kupść, Andrzej, Lacny, L., Larizgoitia, L., Lewis, C. M., Lindroos, M., Lychagin, E., Lytken, E., Maiano, C., Marciniewski, Pawel, Markaj, G., Markisch, B., Marrelli, C., Martins, C., Meirose, B., Mezzetto, M., Milas, N., Milstead, D., Monrabal, F., Muhrer, G., Nepomuceno, A., Nesvizhevsky, V., Nilsson, T., Novella, P., Oglakci, M., Ohlsson, T., Olvegård, Maja, Oskarsson, A., Ota, T., Park, J., Patrzalek, D., Perrey, H., Persoz, M., Petkov, G., Piegsa, F. M., Pistillo, C., Poussot, P., Privitera, P., Rataj, B., Ries, D., Rizzi, N., Rosauro-Alcaraz, S., Rozpedzik, D., Saiang, D., Santoro, V., Schmidt, U., Schober, H., Schulthess, I., Silverstein, S., Simon, A., Sina, H., Snamina, J., Snow, W. M., Soldner, T., Stavropoulos, G., Stipcevic, M., Szybinski, B., Takibayev, A., Tang, Z., Tarkeshian, R., Theroine, C., Thorne, J., Terranova, F., Thomas, J., Tolba, T., Torres-Sanchez, P., Trachanas, E., Tsenov, R., Uggerhoj, U. I., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Vassilopoulos, N., Wagner, R., Wang, X., Wildner, E., Wolke, Magnus, Wurtz, J., Yiu, S. C., Yoon, S. G., Young, A. R., Zanini, L., Zejma, J., Zerzion, D., Zimmer, O., Zormpa, O., and Zou, Ye

Abstract

Presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world’s brightest neutron source. As such, it has the potential for a particle physics program with a unique reach and which is complementary to that available at other facilities. This paper describes proposed particle physics activities for the ESS. These encompass the exploitation of both the neutrons and neutrinos produced at the ESS for high precision (sensitivity) measurements (searches).

Published
2023
Full Text
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13. Design of an optimized nested-mirror neutron reflector for a NNBAR experiment

Author

Wagner, R., Barrow, J., Bohm, C., Brooijmans, G., Calén, Hans, Cederkäll, J., Collin, J., Dunne, K., Eklund, Lars, Fierlinger, P., Friman-Gayer, U., Frost, M., Holl, M., Johansson, Tord, Kamyshkov, Y., Klinkby, E., Kupsc, Andrzej, Meirose, B., Milstead, D., Nepomuceno, A., Nilsson, T., Oskarsson, A., Perrey, H., Rataj, B., Rizzi, N., Santoro, V., Silverstein, S., Takibayev, A., Wolke, Magnus, Yiu, S. C., Young, A. R., Zanini, L., Zimmer, O., Wagner, R., Barrow, J., Bohm, C., Brooijmans, G., Calén, Hans, Cederkäll, J., Collin, J., Dunne, K., Eklund, Lars, Fierlinger, P., Friman-Gayer, U., Frost, M., Holl, M., Johansson, Tord, Kamyshkov, Y., Klinkby, E., Kupsc, Andrzej, Meirose, B., Milstead, D., Nepomuceno, A., Nilsson, T., Oskarsson, A., Perrey, H., Rataj, B., Rizzi, N., Santoro, V., Silverstein, S., Takibayev, A., Wolke, Magnus, Yiu, S. C., Young, A. R., Zanini, L., and Zimmer, O.

Abstract

The NNBAR experiment for the European Spallation Source will search for free neutrons converting to antineutrons with an expected sensitivity improvement of three orders of magnitude compared to the last such search. This paper describes both the simulations of a key component for the experiment, the neutron optical reflector and the expected gains in sensitivity.

Published
2023
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14. The HighNESS Project at the European Spallation Source: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Author

Santoro, V., Andersen, K. H., Bentley, P., Bernasconi, M., Bertelsen, M., Beßler, Y., Bianchi, A., Brys, T., Campi, D., Chambon, A., Czamler, V., Di Julio, D. D., Dian, E., Dunne, K., Ferreira, M. J., Fierlinger, P., Friman-Gayer, U., Folsom, B. T., Gaye, A., Gorini, G., Happe, C., Holl, M., Kamyshkov, Y., Kittelmann, T., Klinkby, E. B., Kolevatov, R., Laporte, S. I., Lauritzen, B., Marquez Damian, J. I., Meirose, B., Mezei, F., Milstead, D., Muhrer, G., Neshvizhevsky, V., Rataj, B., Rizzi, N., Rosta, L., Samothrakitis, S., Schober, H., Selknaes, J. R., Silverstein, S., Strobl, M., Strothmann, M., Takibayev, A., Wagner, R., Willendrup, P., Xu, S., Yiu, S. C., Zanini, L., Zimmer, O., Santoro, V., Andersen, K. H., Bentley, P., Bernasconi, M., Bertelsen, M., Beßler, Y., Bianchi, A., Brys, T., Campi, D., Chambon, A., Czamler, V., Di Julio, D. D., Dian, E., Dunne, K., Ferreira, M. J., Fierlinger, P., Friman-Gayer, U., Folsom, B. T., Gaye, A., Gorini, G., Happe, C., Holl, M., Kamyshkov, Y., Kittelmann, T., Klinkby, E. B., Kolevatov, R., Laporte, S. I., Lauritzen, B., Marquez Damian, J. I., Meirose, B., Mezei, F., Milstead, D., Muhrer, G., Neshvizhevsky, V., Rataj, B., Rizzi, N., Rosta, L., Samothrakitis, S., Schober, H., Selknaes, J. R., Silverstein, S., Strobl, M., Strothmann, M., Takibayev, A., Wagner, R., Willendrup, P., Xu, S., Yiu, S. C., Zanini, L., and Zimmer, O.

Abstract

The European Spallation Source (ESS), presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a multidisciplinary international laboratory that, once completed at full specifications, will operate the world’s most powerful pulsed neutron source. Supported by a 3 M Euro Research and Innovation Action within the European Union Horizon 2020 program, a design study (HighNESS) is now underway to develop a second neutron source located below the spallation target. Compared to the first source, which is located above the spallation target and designed for high cold and thermal brightness, the new source is being optimized to deliver higher intensity and a shift to longer wavelengths in the spectral regions of cold neutrons (CNs) (2 to 20 Å), very cold neutrons (VCNs) (10 to 120 Å), and ultracold neutrons (UCNs) (>500 Å). The second source consists of a large liquid deuterium moderator to deliver CNs and serve secondary VCN and UCN sources, for which different options are under study. These new sources will boost several areas of condensed matter research and will provide unique opportunities in fundamental physics. The HighNESS project is now entering its last year, and we are working toward the Conceptual Design Report of the ESS upgrade. In this paper, results obtained in the first 2 years, ongoing developments, and future perspectives are described.

Published
2023

15. The HighNESS Project at the European Spallation Source: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Author

Santoro, V, Andersen, K, Bentley, P, Bernasconi, M, Bertelsen, M, Bessler, Y, Bianchi, A, Brys, T, Campi, D, Chambon, A, Czamler, V, Di Julio, D, Dian, E, Dunne, K, Ferreira, M, Fierlinger, P, Friman-Gayer, U, Folsom, B, Gaye, A, Gorini, G, Happe, C, Holl, M, Kamyshkov, Y, Kittelmann, T, Klinkby, E, Kolevatov, R, Laporte, S, Lauritzen, B, Marquez Damian, J, Meirose, B, Mezei, F, Milstead, D, Muhrer, G, Neshvizhevsky, V, Rataj, B, Rizzi, N, Rosta, L, Samothrakitis, S, Schober, H, Selknaes, J, Silverstein, S, Strobl, M, Strothmann, M, Takibayev, A, Wagner, R, Willendrup, P, Xu, S, Yiu, S, Zanini, L, Zimmer, O, Santoro V., Andersen K. H., Bentley P., Bernasconi M., Bertelsen M., Bessler Y., Bianchi A., Brys T., Campi D., Chambon A., Czamler V., Di Julio D. D., Dian E., Dunne K., Ferreira M. J., Fierlinger P., Friman-Gayer U., Folsom B. T., Gaye A., Gorini G., Happe C., Holl M., Kamyshkov Y., Kittelmann T., Klinkby E. B., Kolevatov R., Laporte S. I., Lauritzen B., Marquez Damian J. I., Meirose B., Mezei F., Milstead D., Muhrer G., Neshvizhevsky V., Rataj B., Rizzi N., Rosta L., Samothrakitis S., Schober H., Selknaes J. R., Silverstein S., Strobl M., Strothmann M., Takibayev A., Wagner R., Willendrup P., Xu S., Yiu S. C., Zanini L., Zimmer O., Santoro, V, Andersen, K, Bentley, P, Bernasconi, M, Bertelsen, M, Bessler, Y, Bianchi, A, Brys, T, Campi, D, Chambon, A, Czamler, V, Di Julio, D, Dian, E, Dunne, K, Ferreira, M, Fierlinger, P, Friman-Gayer, U, Folsom, B, Gaye, A, Gorini, G, Happe, C, Holl, M, Kamyshkov, Y, Kittelmann, T, Klinkby, E, Kolevatov, R, Laporte, S, Lauritzen, B, Marquez Damian, J, Meirose, B, Mezei, F, Milstead, D, Muhrer, G, Neshvizhevsky, V, Rataj, B, Rizzi, N, Rosta, L, Samothrakitis, S, Schober, H, Selknaes, J, Silverstein, S, Strobl, M, Strothmann, M, Takibayev, A, Wagner, R, Willendrup, P, Xu, S, Yiu, S, Zanini, L, Zimmer, O, Santoro V., Andersen K. H., Bentley P., Bernasconi M., Bertelsen M., Bessler Y., Bianchi A., Brys T., Campi D., Chambon A., Czamler V., Di Julio D. D., Dian E., Dunne K., Ferreira M. J., Fierlinger P., Friman-Gayer U., Folsom B. T., Gaye A., Gorini G., Happe C., Holl M., Kamyshkov Y., Kittelmann T., Klinkby E. B., Kolevatov R., Laporte S. I., Lauritzen B., Marquez Damian J. I., Meirose B., Mezei F., Milstead D., Muhrer G., Neshvizhevsky V., Rataj B., Rizzi N., Rosta L., Samothrakitis S., Schober H., Selknaes J. R., Silverstein S., Strobl M., Strothmann M., Takibayev A., Wagner R., Willendrup P., Xu S., Yiu S. C., Zanini L., and Zimmer O.

Abstract

The European Spallation Source (ESS), presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a multidisciplinary international laboratory that, once completed at full specifications, will operate the world’s most powerful pulsed neutron source. Supported by a 3 M Euro Research and Innovation Action within the European Union Horizon 2020 program, a design study (HighNESS) is now underway to develop a second neutron source located below the spallation target. Compared to the first source, which is located above the spallation target and designed for high cold and thermal brightness, the new source is being optimized to deliver higher intensity and a shift to longer wavelengths in the spectral regions of cold neutrons (CNs) (2 to 20 Å), very cold neutrons (VCNs) (10 to 120 Å), and ultracold neutrons (UCNs) ((Formula presented.) 500 Å). The second source consists of a large liquid deuterium moderator to deliver CNs and serve secondary VCN and UCN sources, for which different options are under study. These new sources will boost several areas of condensed matter research and will provide unique opportunities in fundamental physics. The HighNESS project is now entering its last year, and we are working toward the Conceptual Design Report of the ESS upgrade. In this paper, results obtained in the first 2 years, ongoing developments, and future perspectives are described.

Published
2023

16. Particle physics at the European Spallation Source

Author

Abele, H, Alekou, A, Algora, A, Andersen, K, Baessler, S, Barron-Palos, L, Barrow, J, Baussan, E, Bentley, P, Berezhiani, Z, Bessler, Y, Bhattacharyya, A, Bianchi, A, Bijnens, J, Blanco, C, Kraljevic, N, Blennow, M, Bodek, K, Bogomilov, M, Bohm, C, Bolling, B, Bouquerel, E, Brooijmans, G, Broussard, L, Buchan, O, Burgman, A, Calen, H, Carlile, C, Cederkall, J, Chanel, E, Christiansen, P, Cirigliano, V, Collar, J, Collins, M, Crawford, C, Morales, E, Cupial, P, D'Alessi, L, Damian, J, Danared, H, Dancila, D, de Andre, J, Delahaye, J, Degenkolb, S, Di Julio, D, Dracos, M, Dunne, K, Efthymiopoulos, I, Ekelof, T, Eklund, L, Eshraqi, M, Esteban, I, Fanourakis, G, Farricker, A, Fernandez-Martinez, E, Ferreira, M, Fertl, M, Fierlinger, P, Folsom, B, Frank, A, Fratangelo, A, Friman-Gayer, U, Fukuda, T, Fynbo, H, Sosa, A, Gazis, N, Galnander, B, Geralis, T, Ghosh, M, Gokbulut, G, Gomez-Cadenas, J, Gonzalez-Alonso, M, Gonzalez, F, Halic, L, Happe, C, Heil, P, Heinz, A, Herde, H, Holl, M, Jenke, T, Jenssen, M, Jericha, E, Johansson, H, Johansson, R, Johansson, T, Kamyshkov, Y, Topaksu, A, Kildetoft, B, Kirch, K, Klicek, B, Klinkby, E, Kolevatov, R, Konrad, G, Koziol, M, Krhac, K, Kupsc, A, Lacny, L, Larizgoitia, L, Lewis, C, Lindroos, M, Lychagin, E, Lytken, E, Maiano, C, Marciniewski, P, Markaj, G, Markisch, B, Marrelli, C, Martins, C, Meirose, B, Mezzetto, M, Milas, N, Milstead, D, Monrabal, F, Muhrer, G, Nepomuceno, A, Nesvizhevsky, V, Nilsson, T, Novella, P, Oglakci, M, Ohlsson, T, Olvegard, M, Oskarsson, A, Ota, T, Park, J, Patrzalek, D, Perrey, H, Persoz, M, Petkov, G, Piegsa, F, Pistillo, C, Poussot, P, Privitera, P, Rataj, B, Ries, D, Rizzi, N, Rosauro-Alcaraz, S, Rozpedzik, D, Saiang, D, Santoro, V, Schmidt, U, Schober, H, Schulthess, I, Silverstein, S, Simon, A, Sina, H, Snamina, J, Snow, W, Soldner, T, Stavropoulos, G, Stipcevic, M, Szybinski, B, Takibayev, A, Tang, Z, Tarkeshian, R, Theroine, C, Thorne, J, Terranova, F, Thomas, J, Tolba, T, Torres-Sanchez, P, Trachanas, E, Tsenov, R, Uggerhoj, U, Vankova-Kirilova, G, Vassilopoulos, N, Wagner, R, Wang, X, Wildner, E, Wolke, M, Wurtz, J, Yiu, S, Yoon, S, Young, A, Zanini, L, Zejma, J, Zerzion, D, Zimmer, O, Zormpa, O, Zou, Y, Abele H., Alekou A., Algora A., Andersen K., Baessler S., Barron-Palos L., Barrow J., Baussan E., Bentley P., Berezhiani Z., Bessler Y., Bhattacharyya A. K., Bianchi A., Bijnens J., Blanco C., Kraljevic N. B., Blennow M., Bodek K., Bogomilov M., Bohm C., Bolling B., Bouquerel E., Brooijmans G., Broussard L. J., Buchan O., Burgman A., Calen H., Carlile C. J., Cederkall J., Chanel E., Christiansen P., Cirigliano V., Collar J. I., Collins M., Crawford C. B., Morales E. C., Cupial P., D'Alessi L., Damian J. I. M., Danared H., Dancila D., de Andre J. P. A. M., Delahaye J. P., Degenkolb S., Di Julio D. D., Dracos M., Dunne K., Efthymiopoulos I., Ekelof T., Eklund L., Eshraqi M., Esteban I., Fanourakis G., Farricker A., Fernandez-Martinez E., Ferreira M. J., Fertl M., Fierlinger P., Folsom B., Frank A., Fratangelo A., Friman-Gayer U., Fukuda T., Fynbo H. O. U., Sosa A. G., Gazis N., Galnander B., Geralis T., Ghosh M., Gokbulut G., Gomez-Cadenas J. J., Gonzalez-Alonso M., Gonzalez F., Halic L., Happe C., Heil P., Heinz A., Herde H., Holl M., Jenke T., Jenssen M., Jericha E., Johansson H. T., Johansson R., Johansson T., Kamyshkov Y., Topaksu A. K., Kildetoft B., Kirch K., Klicek B., Klinkby E., Kolevatov R., Konrad G., Koziol M., Krhac K., Kupsc A., Lacny L., Larizgoitia L., Lewis C. M., Lindroos M., Lychagin E., Lytken E., Maiano C., Marciniewski P., Markaj G., Markisch B., Marrelli C., Martins C., Meirose B., Mezzetto M., Milas N., Milstead D., Monrabal F., Muhrer G., Nepomuceno A., Nesvizhevsky V., Nilsson T., Novella P., Oglakci M., Ohlsson T., Olvegard M., Oskarsson A., Ota T., Park J., Patrzalek D., Perrey H., Persoz M., Petkov G., Piegsa F. M., Pistillo C., Poussot P., Privitera P., Rataj B., Ries D., Rizzi N., Rosauro-Alcaraz S., Rozpedzik D., Saiang D., Santoro V., Schmidt U., Schober H., Schulthess I., Silverstein S., Simon A., Sina H., Snamina J., Snow W. M., Soldner T., Stavropoulos G., Stipcevic M., Szybinski B., Takibayev A., Tang Z., Tarkeshian R., Theroine C., Thorne J., Terranova F., Thomas J., Tolba T., Torres-Sanchez P., Trachanas E., Tsenov R., Uggerhoj U. I., Vankova-Kirilova G., Vassilopoulos N., Wagner R., Wang X., Wildner E., Wolke M., Wurtz J., Yiu S. C., Yoon S. G., Young A. R., Zanini L., Zejma J., Zerzion D., Zimmer O., Zormpa O., Zou Y., Abele, H, Alekou, A, Algora, A, Andersen, K, Baessler, S, Barron-Palos, L, Barrow, J, Baussan, E, Bentley, P, Berezhiani, Z, Bessler, Y, Bhattacharyya, A, Bianchi, A, Bijnens, J, Blanco, C, Kraljevic, N, Blennow, M, Bodek, K, Bogomilov, M, Bohm, C, Bolling, B, Bouquerel, E, Brooijmans, G, Broussard, L, Buchan, O, Burgman, A, Calen, H, Carlile, C, Cederkall, J, Chanel, E, Christiansen, P, Cirigliano, V, Collar, J, Collins, M, Crawford, C, Morales, E, Cupial, P, D'Alessi, L, Damian, J, Danared, H, Dancila, D, de Andre, J, Delahaye, J, Degenkolb, S, Di Julio, D, Dracos, M, Dunne, K, Efthymiopoulos, I, Ekelof, T, Eklund, L, Eshraqi, M, Esteban, I, Fanourakis, G, Farricker, A, Fernandez-Martinez, E, Ferreira, M, Fertl, M, Fierlinger, P, Folsom, B, Frank, A, Fratangelo, A, Friman-Gayer, U, Fukuda, T, Fynbo, H, Sosa, A, Gazis, N, Galnander, B, Geralis, T, Ghosh, M, Gokbulut, G, Gomez-Cadenas, J, Gonzalez-Alonso, M, Gonzalez, F, Halic, L, Happe, C, Heil, P, Heinz, A, Herde, H, Holl, M, Jenke, T, Jenssen, M, Jericha, E, Johansson, H, Johansson, R, Johansson, T, Kamyshkov, Y, Topaksu, A, Kildetoft, B, Kirch, K, Klicek, B, Klinkby, E, Kolevatov, R, Konrad, G, Koziol, M, Krhac, K, Kupsc, A, Lacny, L, Larizgoitia, L, Lewis, C, Lindroos, M, Lychagin, E, Lytken, E, Maiano, C, Marciniewski, P, Markaj, G, Markisch, B, Marrelli, C, Martins, C, Meirose, B, Mezzetto, M, Milas, N, Milstead, D, Monrabal, F, Muhrer, G, Nepomuceno, A, Nesvizhevsky, V, Nilsson, T, Novella, P, Oglakci, M, Ohlsson, T, Olvegard, M, Oskarsson, A, Ota, T, Park, J, Patrzalek, D, Perrey, H, Persoz, M, Petkov, G, Piegsa, F, Pistillo, C, Poussot, P, Privitera, P, Rataj, B, Ries, D, Rizzi, N, Rosauro-Alcaraz, S, Rozpedzik, D, Saiang, D, Santoro, V, Schmidt, U, Schober, H, Schulthess, I, Silverstein, S, Simon, A, Sina, H, Snamina, J, Snow, W, Soldner, T, Stavropoulos, G, Stipcevic, M, Szybinski, B, Takibayev, A, Tang, Z, Tarkeshian, R, Theroine, C, Thorne, J, Terranova, F, Thomas, J, Tolba, T, Torres-Sanchez, P, Trachanas, E, Tsenov, R, Uggerhoj, U, Vankova-Kirilova, G, Vassilopoulos, N, Wagner, R, Wang, X, Wildner, E, Wolke, M, Wurtz, J, Yiu, S, Yoon, S, Young, A, Zanini, L, Zejma, J, Zerzion, D, Zimmer, O, Zormpa, O, Zou, Y, Abele H., Alekou A., Algora A., Andersen K., Baessler S., Barron-Palos L., Barrow J., Baussan E., Bentley P., Berezhiani Z., Bessler Y., Bhattacharyya A. K., Bianchi A., Bijnens J., Blanco C., Kraljevic N. B., Blennow M., Bodek K., Bogomilov M., Bohm C., Bolling B., Bouquerel E., Brooijmans G., Broussard L. J., Buchan O., Burgman A., Calen H., Carlile C. J., Cederkall J., Chanel E., Christiansen P., Cirigliano V., Collar J. I., Collins M., Crawford C. B., Morales E. C., Cupial P., D'Alessi L., Damian J. I. M., Danared H., Dancila D., de Andre J. P. A. M., Delahaye J. P., Degenkolb S., Di Julio D. D., Dracos M., Dunne K., Efthymiopoulos I., Ekelof T., Eklund L., Eshraqi M., Esteban I., Fanourakis G., Farricker A., Fernandez-Martinez E., Ferreira M. J., Fertl M., Fierlinger P., Folsom B., Frank A., Fratangelo A., Friman-Gayer U., Fukuda T., Fynbo H. O. U., Sosa A. G., Gazis N., Galnander B., Geralis T., Ghosh M., Gokbulut G., Gomez-Cadenas J. J., Gonzalez-Alonso M., Gonzalez F., Halic L., Happe C., Heil P., Heinz A., Herde H., Holl M., Jenke T., Jenssen M., Jericha E., Johansson H. T., Johansson R., Johansson T., Kamyshkov Y., Topaksu A. K., Kildetoft B., Kirch K., Klicek B., Klinkby E., Kolevatov R., Konrad G., Koziol M., Krhac K., Kupsc A., Lacny L., Larizgoitia L., Lewis C. M., Lindroos M., Lychagin E., Lytken E., Maiano C., Marciniewski P., Markaj G., Markisch B., Marrelli C., Martins C., Meirose B., Mezzetto M., Milas N., Milstead D., Monrabal F., Muhrer G., Nepomuceno A., Nesvizhevsky V., Nilsson T., Novella P., Oglakci M., Ohlsson T., Olvegard M., Oskarsson A., Ota T., Park J., Patrzalek D., Perrey H., Persoz M., Petkov G., Piegsa F. M., Pistillo C., Poussot P., Privitera P., Rataj B., Ries D., Rizzi N., Rosauro-Alcaraz S., Rozpedzik D., Saiang D., Santoro V., Schmidt U., Schober H., Schulthess I., Silverstein S., Simon A., Sina H., Snamina J., Snow W. M., Soldner T., Stavropoulos G., Stipcevic M., Szybinski B., Takibayev A., Tang Z., Tarkeshian R., Theroine C., Thorne J., Terranova F., Thomas J., Tolba T., Torres-Sanchez P., Trachanas E., Tsenov R., Uggerhoj U. I., Vankova-Kirilova G., Vassilopoulos N., Wagner R., Wang X., Wildner E., Wolke M., Wurtz J., Yiu S. C., Yoon S. G., Young A. R., Zanini L., Zejma J., Zerzion D., Zimmer O., Zormpa O., and Zou Y.

Abstract

Presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world's brightest neutron source. As such, it has the potential for a particle physics program with a unique reach and which is complementary to that available at other facilities. This paper describes proposed particle physics activities for the ESS. These encompass the exploitation of both the neutrons and neutrinos produced at the ESS for high precision (sensitivity) measurements (searches).

Published
2023

18. Development of a High Intensity Neutron Source at the European Spallation Source:The HighNESS project

Author

Santoro, V., Lauritzen, Bent, Andersen, K.H., Bernasconi, M., Bertelsen, M., Beßler, Y., Campi, D., Czamler, V., Di Julio, D.D., Dian, E., Dunne, K., Fierlinger, P., Gaye, A., Gorini, G., Happe, C., Kittelmann, T., Klinkby, E.B., Kokai, Z., Kolevatov, R., Lauritzen, B., Linander, R., Damian, J.I. Marquez, Meirose, B., Mezei, F., Milstead, D., Muhrer, G., Ramic, K., Rataj, B., Rizzi, N., Samothrakitis, S., Seknaes, J.R., Silverstein, S., Strobl, M., Strothmann, M., Takibayev, A., Wagner, R., Willendrup, P., Yiu, S.-C., Zanini, L., Zimmer, O., Santoro, V., Lauritzen, Bent, Andersen, K.H., Bernasconi, M., Bertelsen, M., Beßler, Y., Campi, D., Czamler, V., Di Julio, D.D., Dian, E., Dunne, K., Fierlinger, P., Gaye, A., Gorini, G., Happe, C., Kittelmann, T., Klinkby, E.B., Kokai, Z., Kolevatov, R., Lauritzen, B., Linander, R., Damian, J.I. Marquez, Meirose, B., Mezei, F., Milstead, D., Muhrer, G., Ramic, K., Rataj, B., Rizzi, N., Samothrakitis, S., Seknaes, J.R., Silverstein, S., Strobl, M., Strothmann, M., Takibayev, A., Wagner, R., Willendrup, P., Yiu, S.-C., Zanini, L., and Zimmer, O.

Abstract

The European Spallation Source (ESS), presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a multidisciplinary international laboratory that will operate the world’s most powerful pulsed neutron source. Supported by a 3M Euro Research and Innovation Action within the EU Horizon 2020 program, a design study (HighNESS) is now underway to develop a second neutron source below the spallation target. Compared to the first source, located above the spallation target and designed for high cold and thermal brightness, the new source will provide higher intensity, and a shift to longer wavelengths in the spectral regions of cold (2-20 Å), very cold (VCN, 10-120 Å), and ultra cold (UCN, > 500 Å) neutrons. The core of the second source will consist of a large liquid deuterium moderator to deliver a high flux of cold neutrons and to serve secondary VCN and UCN sources, for which different options are under study. The features of these new sources will boost several areas of condensed matter research and will provide unique opportunities in fundamental physics. Part of the HighNESS project is also dedicated to the development of future instruments that will make use of the new source and will complement the initial suite of instruments in construction at ESS. The HighNESS project started in October 2020. In this paper, the ongoing developments and the results obtained in the first year are described.

Published
2022

19. Development of a High Intensity Neutron Source at the European Spallation Source: the HighNESS Project

Author

Santoro, V, Andersen, K, Bernasconi, M, Bertelsen, M, Bessler, Y, Campi, D, Czamler, V, Di Julio, D, Dian, E, Dunne, K, Fierlinger, P, Gaye, A, Gorini, G, Happe, C, Kittelmann, T, Klinkby, E, Kokai, Z, Kolevatov, R, Lauritzen, B, Linander, R, Marquez Damian, J, Meirose, B, Mezei, F, Milstead, D, Muhrer, G, Ramic, K, Rataj, B, Rizzi, N, Samothrakitis, S, Selknaes, J, Silverstein, S, Strobl, M, Strothmann, M, Takibayev, A, Wagner, R, Willendrup, P, Yiu, S, Zanini, L, Zimmer, O, Santoro V., Andersen K. H., Bernasconi M., Bertelsen M., Bessler Y., Campi D., Czamler V., Di Julio D. D., Dian E., Dunne K., Fierlinger P., Gaye A., Gorini G., Happe C., Kittelmann T., Klinkby E. B., Kokai Z., Kolevatov R., Lauritzen B., Linander R., Marquez Damian J. I., Meirose B., Mezei F., Milstead D., Muhrer G., Ramic K., Rataj B., Rizzi N., Samothrakitis S., Selknaes J. R., Silverstein S., Strobl M., Strothmann M., Takibayev A., Wagner R., Willendrup P., Yiu S. -C., Zanini L., Zimmer O., Santoro, V, Andersen, K, Bernasconi, M, Bertelsen, M, Bessler, Y, Campi, D, Czamler, V, Di Julio, D, Dian, E, Dunne, K, Fierlinger, P, Gaye, A, Gorini, G, Happe, C, Kittelmann, T, Klinkby, E, Kokai, Z, Kolevatov, R, Lauritzen, B, Linander, R, Marquez Damian, J, Meirose, B, Mezei, F, Milstead, D, Muhrer, G, Ramic, K, Rataj, B, Rizzi, N, Samothrakitis, S, Selknaes, J, Silverstein, S, Strobl, M, Strothmann, M, Takibayev, A, Wagner, R, Willendrup, P, Yiu, S, Zanini, L, Zimmer, O, Santoro V., Andersen K. H., Bernasconi M., Bertelsen M., Bessler Y., Campi D., Czamler V., Di Julio D. D., Dian E., Dunne K., Fierlinger P., Gaye A., Gorini G., Happe C., Kittelmann T., Klinkby E. B., Kokai Z., Kolevatov R., Lauritzen B., Linander R., Marquez Damian J. I., Meirose B., Mezei F., Milstead D., Muhrer G., Ramic K., Rataj B., Rizzi N., Samothrakitis S., Selknaes J. R., Silverstein S., Strobl M., Strothmann M., Takibayev A., Wagner R., Willendrup P., Yiu S. -C., Zanini L., and Zimmer O.

Abstract

The European Spallation Source (ESS), presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a multidisciplinary international laboratory that will operate the world’s most powerful pulsed neutron source. Supported by a 3M Euro Research and Innovation Action within the EU Horizon 2020 program, a design study (HighNESS) is now underway to develop a second neutron source below the spallation target. Compared to the first source, located above the spallation target and designed for high cold and thermal brightness, the new source will provide higher intensity, and a shift to longer wavelengths in the spectral regions of cold (2-20 Å), very cold (VCN, 10-120 Å), and ultra cold (UCN, > 500 Å) neutrons. The core of the second source will consist of a large liquid deuterium moderator to deliver a high flux of cold neutrons and to serve secondary VCN and UCN sources, for which different options are under study. The features of these new sources will boost several areas of condensed matter research and will provide unique opportunities in fundamental physics. Part of the HighNESS project is also dedicated to the development of future instruments that will make use of the new source and will complement the initial suite of instruments in construction at ESS. The HighNESS project started in October 2020. In this paper, the ongoing developments and the results obtained in the first year are described.

Published
2022

21. Stimulation-associated redistribution of Na,K-ATPase in rat lacrimal gland.

Author

Yiu, S C, Lambert, R W, Bradley, M E, Ingham, C E, Hales, K L, Wood, R L, and Mircheff, A K

Abstract

To test the possibility that stimulation of secretion leads Na,K-ATPase to be recruited from cytoplasmic pools and inserted into basal-lateral plasma membranes, we surveyed the subcellular distributions of Na,K-ATPase in resting and stimulated fragments of rat exorbital lacrimal gland. After a two-dimensional separation procedure based on differential sedimentation and density gradient centrifugation, we defined six density windows, which differ from one another in their contents of biochemical markers. The membranes equilibrating in window I could be identified as a sample of basal-lateral membranes; in resting preparations these membranes contained Na,K-ATPase enriched 16.6-fold with respect to the initial homogenates. Windows II through VI contained various cytoplasmic membrane populations; these accounted for roughly 80% of the total recovered Na,K-ATPase activity. Thirty-minute stimulation with 10 microM carbachol caused a 1.4-fold increase (P less than 0.05) in the total Na,K-ATPase content of window I; this increase could be largely accounted for by a 1.7-fold decrease in the total Na,K-ATPase content of density window V. Acid phosphatase activity also redistributed following stimulation, but it was recruited from a different source, and it was inserted into membranes equilibrating in windows II and III as well as into the membranes of window I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1988

22. Particle Physics at the European Spallation Source

Author

Abele, H., Alekou, A., Algora, A., Andersen, K., Baeßler, S., Barron-Pálos, L., Barrow, J., Baussan, E., Bentley, P., Berezhiani, Z., Beßler, Y., Bhattacharyya, A. K., Bianchi, A., Bijnens, J., Blanco, C., Blaskovic Kraljevic, N., Blennow, M., Bodek, K., Bogomilov, M., Bohm, C., Bolling, B., Bouquerel, E., Brooijmans, G., Broussard, L. J., Buchan, O., Burgman, A., Calén, H., Carlile, C. J., Cederkall, J., Chanel, E., Christiansen, P., Cirigliano, V., Collar, J. I., Collins, M., Crawford, C. B., Cristaldo Morales, E., Cupiał, P., D Alessi, L., Damian, J. I. M., Danared, H., Dancila, D., André, J. P. A. M., Delahaye, J. P., Degenkolb, S., Di Julio, D. D., Dracos, M., Dunne, K., Efthymiopoulos, I., Ekelöf, T., Eklund, L., Eshraqi, M., Esteban, I., Fanourakis, G., Farricker, A., Fernandez-Martinez, E., Ferreira, M. J., Fertl, M., Fierlinger, P., Folsom, B., Frank, A., Fratangelo, A., Friman-Gayer, U., Fukuda, T., Fynbo, H. O. U., Sosa, A. Garcia, Gazis, N., Gålnander, B., Geralis, Th, Monojit Ghosh, Gokbulut, G., Gomez-Cadenas, J. J., Gonzalez-Alonso, M., Gonzalez, F., Halić, L., Happe, C., Heil, P., Heinz, A., Herde, H., Holl, M., Jenke, T., Jenssen, M., Jericha, E., Johansson, H. T., Johansson, R., Johansson, T., Kamyshkov, Y., Kayis Topaksu, A., Kildetoft, B., Kirch, K., Kliček, B., Klinkby, E., Kolevatov, R., Konrad, G., Kozioł, M., Krhač, K., Kupść, A., Łacny, Ł., Larizgoitia, L., Lewis, C. M., Lindroos, M., Lychagin, E., Lytken, E., Maiano, C., Marciniewski, P., Markaj, G., Märkisch, B., Marrelli, C., Martins, C., Meirose, B., Mezzetto, M., Milas, N., Milstead, D., Monrabal, F., Muhrer, G., Nepomuceno, A., Nesvizhevsky, V., Nilsson, T., Novella, P., Oglakci, M., Ohlsson, T., Olvegård, M., Oskarsson, A., Ota, T., Park, J., Patrzalek, D., Perrey, H., Persoz, M., Petkov, G., Piegsa, F. M., Pistillo, C., Poussot, P., Privitera, P., Rataj, B., Ries, D., Rizzi, N., Rosauro-Alcaraz, S., Rozpedzik, D., Saiang, D., Santoro, V., Schmidt, U., Schober, H., Schulthess, I., Silverstein, S., Simón, A., Sina, H., Snamina, J., Snow, W. M., Soldner, T., Stavropoulos, G., Stipčević, M., Szybiński, B., Takibayev, A., Tang, Z., Tarkeshian, R., Theroine, C., Thorne, J., Terranova, F., Thomas, J., Tolba, T., Torres-Sánchez, P., Trachanas, E., Tsenov, R., Uggerhøj, U. I., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Vassilopoulos, N., Wagner, R., Wang, X., Wildner, E., Wolke, M., Wurtz, J., Yiu, S. C., Yoon, S. G., Young, A. R., Zanini, L., Zejma, J., Zerzion, D., Zimmer, O., Zormpa, O., Zou, Y., and HEP, INSPIRE

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], hep-ex, FOS: Physical sciences, hep-ph, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), nucl-ex, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], fission, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Nuclear Experiment, physics.ins-det, activity report, Particle Physics - Experiment, Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world's brightest neutron source. As such, it has the potential for a particle physics program with a unique reach and which is complementary to that available at other facilities. This paper describes proposed particle physics activities for the ESS. These encompass the exploitation of both the neutrons and neutrinos produced at the ESS for high precision (sensitivity) measurements (searches)., Comment: 121 pages

23. Polyisobutylmethacrylate modifies glycolipid binding specificity of verotoxin 1 in thin-layer chromatogram overlay procedures.

Author

Yiu SC and Lingwood CA

Subjects
Binding Sites, Globosides chemistry, Shiga Toxin 1, Trihexosylceramides chemistry, Bacterial Toxins chemistry, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Glycolipids chemistry, Polymethacrylic Acids pharmacology
Abstract

Verotoxins (or Shiga-like toxins) are a family of closely related toxins elaborated by Escherichia coli. At least three toxins have been described, VT1, VT2, and SLTII, in addition to Shiga toxin itself, and all bind to globotriaosyl ceramide, Gb3. Some discrepancies exist in the literature regarding the binding of the toxins to Gb4 as monitored by TLC overlay procedures. These procedures are widely used to investigate the specificity of carbohydrate-binding ligands. Polyisobutylmethacrylate, PIBM, is generally used in TLC overlay procedures to prevent silica loss and orient carbohydrate moieties for the binding of various ligands to glycolipids. We now report that pretreatment of chromatograms with PIBM modifies binding of VT1 to include Gb4 and decreases binding to Gb3 and the P1 glycolipid. We suggest that PIBM can alter the conformation of the glycolipid oligosaccharide, and therefore caution is advised in analysis of ligand binding to glycolipids after treatment with this compound.

Published
1992
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24. Secretagogue-induced redistributions of Na,K-ATPase in rat lacrimal acini.

Author

Yiu SC, Lambert RW, Tortoriello PJ, and Mircheff AK

Subjects
Animals, Galactosyltransferases metabolism, Lacrimal Apparatus enzymology, Lactoperoxidase metabolism, Male, Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases metabolism, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Sodium metabolism, Subcellular Fractions enzymology, Carbachol pharmacology, Epinephrine pharmacology, Isoproterenol pharmacology, Lacrimal Apparatus drug effects, Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase metabolism
Abstract

Lacrimal acinar cells secrete macromolecular products in an approximately isotonic, sodium chloride (NaCl)-rich fluid. The mechanisms of macromolecular product secretion depend in part on a recycling traffic of membrane constituents between the Golgi complex and the apical plasma membrane. In contrast, the acinar cell's mechanisms for secreting Na+ and Cl- depend largely on the fluxes of these ions through transporters expressed in the apical and basal-lateral membranes. In addition to accelerating the recycling of secretory vesicle membrane constituents, the cholinergic agonist carbachol also triggers a net redistribution of sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) ion pumps between Golgi-associated pools and the basal-lateral plasma membranes (Yiu SC, et al: J Membrane Biol 102:185, 1988). In the present study, acinar preparations from rat lacrimal glands were stimulated with either carbachol, epinephrine, or isoproterenol. All three agonist stimulated release of the secretory protein lactoperoxidase, but only carbachol significantly accelerated Na+ undirectional influx. Subcellular fractionation analyses of resting and stimulated preparations indicated that carbachol caused a significant translocation of Na,K-ATPase activity from a Golgi-associated compartment to the basal-lateral plasma membranes. Neither adrenergic agonist significantly increased the basal-lateral membrane Na,K-ATPase activity, but each triggered a distinct pattern of redistributions of Na,K-ATPase and the Golgi membrane marker, galactosyltransferase. The carbachol-induced augmentation of basal-lateral membrane Na,K-ATPase activity represents a mechanism by which the cell might compensate for increased Na+ influx.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Published
1991

25. Analytic subcellular fractionation of acini from rat lacrimal gland.

Author

Yiu SC, Wood RL, and Mircheff AK

Subjects
Acid Phosphatase analysis, Alkaline Phosphatase analysis, Animals, Cell Fractionation, Cell Membrane chemistry, Cell Membrane enzymology, Centrifugation, Isopycnic, Endoplasmic Reticulum chemistry, Endoplasmic Reticulum enzymology, Galactosyltransferases analysis, Lacrimal Apparatus ultrastructure, Male, Membrane Proteins analysis, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase analysis, Subcellular Fractions chemistry, Subcellular Fractions enzymology, Succinate Dehydrogenase analysis, Lacrimal Apparatus chemistry
Abstract

A recent hypothesis for the cellular mechanism of fluid secretion by lacrimal acini has been based, in part, on the results of subcellular fractionation analyses of lacrimal gland fragments which had been incubated for a brief period in vitro. An important assumption in those studies was that the ion transporters and neurotransmitter receptors measured in isolated subcellular fractions were associated with membranes derived from the acinar cells, since these comprise the bulk of the lacrimal gland mass. This study was undertaken to validate this assumption. Acinar complexes were isolated from rat exorbital lacrimal glands by digestion with collagenase, hyaluronidase, and DNase. Although terminal intralobular duct segments and myoepithelial cells were occasionally noted, the preparations appeared to be free of larger ducts, blood cells, blood vessels, and interstitial cells. Acinar cells were then disrupted, and the homogenates underwent the fractionation procedure used previously for lacrimal gland fragment preparations. This procedure involved a sequence of analyses by differential sedimentation, isopycnic centrifugation on sorbitol gradients, and partitioning in dextran-polyethyleneglycol two-phase systems. Calculated initial specific activities for sodium/potassium adenosinetriphosphatase (Na+/K(+)-ATPase), alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and succinate dehydrogenase were identical to those obtained from fragment preparations. Major membrane populations resolved by the sequential analyses, including one believed to represent endoplasmic reticulum membranes, two believed to be derived from the acinar cell basal-lateral membrane, and two believed to be derived from the Golgi complex, corresponded closely to populations resolved from lacrimal fragment preparations. In addition to validating the previous use of lacrimal gland fragment preparations in studies of acinar cell function, these results suggest that preparations of isolated lacrimal acini will be useful for future work on neurotransmitter-receptor regulation and basal-lateral plasma membrane dynamics in the lacrimal gland.

Published
1990

26. Subcellular distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in rat exorbital lacrimal gland.

Author

Bradley ME, Peters CL, Lambert RW, Yiu SC, and Mircheff AK

Subjects
Animals, Binding, Competitive, Cell Membrane metabolism, Cytoplasm metabolism, Intracellular Membranes metabolism, Male, Quinuclidinyl Benzilate, Radioligand Assay, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Subcellular Fractions metabolism, Lacrimal Apparatus metabolism, Receptors, Muscarinic metabolism
Abstract

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (MAChR) is an important mediator of parasympathetic regulation of secretion by the rat exorbital lacrimal gland. In order to survey the subcellular distribution of MAChR in lacrimal acinar cells, we have measured the binding of the specific muscarinic cholinergic antagonist [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]-QNB) to membrane samples isolated from rat exorbital lacrimal glands by differential and equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. Binding of [3H]-QNB in all membrane fractions was consistent with the presence of a single class of receptor which was muscarinic in nature on the basis of its Kd for [3H]-QNB (0.30-0.35 nM) and its ability to interact with the muscarinic agonists carbachol and methachol and the antagonist atropine. MAChR were present at the highest specific activity in acinar cell basal-lateral plasma membrane-derived populations, where Bmax was as high as 1960 fmole/mg protein. However, the density distributions of MAChR and of other membrane markers indicated that the receptors were present also in membranes derived from cytoplasmic structures, where Bmax values ranged from 50.4 to 152.8 fmole/mg protein. Stimulation with 10 microM carbachol for 30 min led to a 20% (P less than 0.05) increase in the relative MAChR content of a population of membranes derived from the acinar cell basal-lateral membrane; an apparent tendency for MAChR activity to decrease in other membrane populations suggests that stimulation might cause a redistribution of MAChR between cytoplasmic pools and the cell surface membranes.

Published
1990

27. Na+/H+ antiporter in lacrimal acinar cell basal-lateral membranes.

Author

Mircheff AK, Ingham CE, Lambert RW, Hales KL, Hensley CB, and Yiu SC

Subjects
Animals, Biological Transport, Carrier Proteins metabolism, Cell Membrane metabolism, Lacrimal Apparatus metabolism, Male, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers, Carrier Proteins physiology, Cell Membrane physiology, Lacrimal Apparatus physiology
Abstract

The first step in the formation of lacrimal gland fluid is believed to depend on transport systems which couple a flux of Cl- ions to the passive influx of Na+ ions across the acinar cell basal-lateral plasma membrane. The transport systems which mediate these fluxes have not yet been characterized, but a review of previous studies (Parod and Putney, Am J Physiol 239:G106, 1980) raises the possibility that Na+/H+ antiporters might represent a major pathway for Na+ influx. This conclusion is of interest, because antiporter mediated Na+ fluxes can, potentially, drive net Cl- fluxes. We have now examined a sample of basal-lateral membrane vesicles from rat exorbital lacrimal gland to verify the presence of a Na+/H+ antiporter activity. Imposition of an outward H+ gradient caused a 4.4-fold increase in the 22Na influx rate, while imposition of an outward Na+ gradient accelerated H+ uptake as determined by changes in acridine orange absorbance. All transport experiments were done in the presence of valinomycin and symmetrical K+ concentrations, eliminating the possibility of conductive Na+ or H+ fluxes driven by diffusion potentials. The pH gradient dependent Na+ influx was completely inhibited by 1 mM amiloride, indicating that it was mediated by a Na+/H+ antiporter similar to those described in other tissues. Comparison of the density distributions of Na+/H+ antiport and standard membrane marker enzyme activities confirmed that the antiporter was primarily localized to the basal-lateral membranes.

Published
1987

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