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In order to obtain a more protective phosphate conversion coating with a denser architecture, the nucleation kinetics of phosphate chemical conversion coating on Mg-Gd-Y-Zr magnesium alloy was tuned in this work. A pretreatment process was proposed and organic additives were incorporated, which aims at increasing the ionic produce (Jsp) at the interface for increasing σ, and decreasing the critical ionic product (JC,sp), respectively. Results prove that the pretreatment of bare alloys in a phosphate bath could increase the ion products of MgHPO4 / MnHPO4. The addition of benzalkonium chloride could neutralize the charges of crystals, and in turn promote the nucleation kinetics. A denser and more protective conversion coating could consequently be obtained.

Abstract High temperature stress seriously affects the quality and yield of vegetable crops, especially cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). However, the metabolic dynamics and gene regulatory network of cucumber in response to high temperature stress remain poorly studied. In this study, we identified a heat-tolerant cucumber Gy14 and a heat-sensitive cucumber 32X. RNA-seq analysis of Gy14 and 32X under high temperature stress showed that some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were related to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Metabolomic analysis revealed that there were more phenylpropanoids and their downstream derivatives in Gy14 compared to that in 32X under Re_2d condition (2 normal days recovery after heat). Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome revealed that these upregulated genes played a pivotal role in flavonoid biosynthesis. Moreover, high temperature stress significantly induced the expression of the gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis genes and exogenous application of GA3 alleviated the damage of high temperature to cucumber seedlings. Together, these findings provided new insights into the transcriptome response and metabolomic reprogramming of cucumber against high temperature stress.

Abstract The study aimed to elucidate the underlying pharmacological mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicine Pue in ameliorating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), a critical clinical challenge exacerbated by reperfusion therapy. In vivo MIRI and in vitro anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) models were constructed. The results demonstrated that Pue pretreatment effectively alleviated MIRI, as manifested by diminishing the levels of serum CK-MB and LDH, mitigating the extent of myocardial infarction and enhancing cardiac functionality. Additionally, Pue significantly alleviated histopathological damage in MIRI-treated myocardium, as evidenced by HE staining and TUNEL assay. In vitro, Pue pretreatment significantly alleviated A/R-induced damage by decreasing LDH levels, increasing cellular activity, inhibiting autophagic lysosomal overactivation, inhibiting oxidative stress (ROS, LIP ROS, MDA), increasing antioxidant defense (SOD, GSH-Px), and increasing P62 protein expression while decreasing LC3II/I ratio. Furthermore, Pue inhibited apoptosis and maintained mitochondrial homeostasis by up-regulating the expression of Hairy and Enhancer of Split-1 (HES1) protein, which was crucial for its cardioprotective effects. Nevertheless, the cardioprotective efficacy of Pue pretreatment was negated via the knockdown of HES1 protein expression via pAD/HES1-shRNA transfection. In conclusion, Pue effectively ameliorated HES1-mediated MIRI-induced autophagy, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Covalent organic frameworks(COFs) are a kind of porous materials with good crystalline and periodic structure formed by covalent bonding of monomers composed of C, H, O and other light elements. This kind of material shows great application potential in separation, energy storage, catalysis and other aspects because of its low density, high thermal stability and good chemical stability. In recent years, COFs materials have developed a variety of bonding bonds with different structures and characteristics from the initial boron-oxygen bonding bonds, and the most widely studied and in-depth class of COFs materials in these fields are composed of imine-like bonds. Imine-like bond is a class of imine bond derived from Schiff base reaction and its similar structure, which not only contains the advantages of imine bond, but also solves some potential application disadvantages. In recent years, the rapid development of nuclear energy has inevitably brought about the shortage of nuclear resources and environmental radioactive pollution, and how to extract and separate radionuclides has become a major problem to be solved urgently. Among the porous materials that have been developed and explored, COFs has its unique advantages compared with other inorganic porous materials, which can effectively avoid many application difficulties in the process of radionuclide extraction. As the most popular research object in the field of this material, imine-like COFs have been applied in the separation of actinides, especially in the adsorption separation of uranyl ions, which is of great significance to the nuclear fuel cycle and the prevention and control of nuclear environmental pollution. In this paper, the recent progress in the separation and detection of actinide elements by imine-like COFs is summarized, and the characteristics of imine-like bonds with different structures are described in detail. The adsorption mechanism and adsorption effect of COFs materials of each structure are summarized and compared in tables, showing how the design ideas affect the adsorption results, which is instructive for the selection of application scenarios to a certain extent. In addition, some new directions and thoughts on the material are proposed in this paper, which are reliable and forward-looking for improving the potential of imine-like COFs in practical applications. At the same time, the major challenges facing the material are summarized. COFs materials still show unfathomable development potential after decades of in-depth research, and fully demonstrate the urgent development space of this kind of materials in the separation of metal ions. Finally, the future development trend of this material is prospected.

To improve the drying efficiency and quality of hot air-dried apple slices with blanching pretreatment, this study systematically evaluated the effects of two blanching pretreatments, hot water blanching and vacuum steam pulsed blanching, on the macroscopic drying performance of apple slices. The results indicated that under the conditions of 0.07 MPa vacuum, two blanching cycles, and blanching time of 3 minutes, vacuum steam pulsed blanching significantly enhanced the rehydration rate and textural quality of apple slices while reducing the drying time. Paraffin sectioning, microscopic observation and image processing were used to compare the microstructural changes of apple slices in terms of cell cross-sectional area, perimeter, equivalent diameter, cell roundness, wall roughness factor, and porosity under different branching conditions (temperature and time for hot water blanching; vacuum level, number of cycles, and time for vacuum steam pulsed blanching). The results showed that with the increase in temperature, blanching time and number of blanching cycles, apple cells exhibited changes that accelerated water evaporation during subsequent drying, thus shortening the drying time. Additionally, the relationship between microstructural parameters and rehydration ratio was fitted to a polynomial regression model. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanisms by which vacuum steam pulsed blanching affects the microstructure and quality of dried apple slices.

The flow behavior and deformation mechanisms of the [001]-oriented single-crystal nickel-based superalloy PWA1483 are investigated under quasi-static compressive and tensile loading conditions at 750°C. We found that the tensile yield strength is larger as compared to the compressive strength, and the serrated flow only appears on the compressive stress–strain curves. Microstructural observations uncover that stacking fault shearing and microtwinning are prone to initiate in PWA1483 during tensile deformation, and the appearance of the Protevin–Le Châtelier effect in compression derives from the abrupt frequent bursts of the two mechanisms on a mesoscale, rather than the simple occurrence of these procedures.

Abstract Nowadays, the seismological monitoring system in China is a valuable tool in the rockburst risk evaluation for deep coal mines. In the past, only parameters, like source location and energy, are widely used to estimate the risk level of rockburst. Sometimes, it is effective; however, some other important physical parameters, such as apparent stress drop, static stress drop, P‐wave velocity, and moment tensor, should also be included in order to improve the accuracy of risk assessment. In this study, these parameters are calculated using mine tremor signals recorded in the LW35001 workface of Liangbaosi Coal Mine. These calculations provide an overall identification of periodical stress distribution and rock mass energy‐releasing type under high concentrated stress. Via linear moment tensor inversion procedure, the source mechanism of mine tremors and stress state of the rock mass is determined whether it is risk or not to underground roadway. This comprehensive analysis provides a specific guidance for rockburst prevention for coal mine management, that is, knowing when and where measures must be taken to decrease the risk level or induce the occurrence of rockburst under control.

MgLi alloys are one of the lightest structural materials, but suffer from severe corrosion due to the hyperactivity of Mg and Li. In this work, an electrically conductive and corrosion-resistant chemical conversion coating was fabricated on a duplex MgLi alloy LA103Z by two different routes: the first route using a conventional immersion treatment (Im-PCCs); and the second route using a brushing conversion treatment (Br-PCCs). Results demonstrate that chemical composition of conversion coatings remained, but surface morphology was altered. The Im-PCC depicts many lamellar CaHPO4 when the immersion time was longer than 60 s. The Br-PCC shows no lamellas on surface till a treatment time of 120 s. These lamellar crystals are detrimental to the electrical contact resistance (ECR), and the ECR for the Br-PCC was one order of magnitude lower than that for the Im-PCCs. Corrosion resistance for Br-PCCs, however, was slightly lower than Im-PCCs.

Fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients based on a developed rat model have been calculated for neutrons with energies

Ex vivo surgery and autotransplantation may provide a promising option for radical resection of conventionally unresectable liver tumors. Two cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has an “awkward seat” located in the “intrahepatic vascular triangle area (IVTA)” that consists of the middle hepatic vein (MHV), the right branches of the Glisson sheath, and the inferior vena cava (IVC), underwent in vivo extended right-half hepatectomy followed by ex vivo tumor resection and partial liver autotransplantation. Innovatively, the outflow of the tumor-free liver was reconstructed ex vivo using pre-frozen allograft blood vessels from brain-dead donors; the patients recovered well postoperation. We report the surgical experience to provide a novel curable surgical procedure for locally advanced IVTA liver tumors.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been profoundly changing the production mode of traditional industries. However, this technique is usually limited to metre-scale fabrication, which prevents large-scale 3D printing (LS3DP) applications such as the manufacturing of buildings, aircraft, ships, and rockets. LS3DP faces great challenges, particularly, it not only requires confronting problems not yet solved by conventional 3D printing, such as the inability to print functional structures due to limitations by single-material manufacturing, but also needs to overcome the size effect limitation of large-scale printing. Here, we systematically review the state of the art in the integration of materials and technologies in LS3DP. We also demonstrate some disruptive engineering cases of LS3DP in the field of construction. The challenges and strategies for overcoming size constraints to achieve LS3DP of functional structures are discussed, including multifunctional 3D printing processes from nano- to large-scale and large-scale 4D printing processes, diverse printable materials and sustainable structures, horizontal and vertical size-independent printers, collaborative and intelligent control of the entire process, and extreme environment printing. These strategies can provide tremendous opportunities for the fully automated, intelligent, and unmanned production of these different material megastructures and internal multiscale multifunctional components such as buildings/structures, aerospace vehicles, and marine equipment.

Abstract Designing highly active and stable catalytic sites is often challenging due to the complex synthesis procedure and the agglomeration of active sites during high-temperature reactions. Here, we report a facile two-step method to synthesize Pt clusters confined by In-modified ZSM-5 zeolite. In-situ characterization confirms that In is located at the extra-framework position of ZSM-5 as In+, and the Pt clusters are stabilized by the In-ZSM-5 zeolite. The resulting Pt clusters confined in In-ZSM-5 show excellent propane conversion, propylene selectivity, and catalytic stability, outperforming monometallic Pt, In, and bimetallic PtIn alloys. The incorporation of In+ in ZSM-5 neutralizes Brønsted acid sites to inhibit side reactions, as well as tunes the electronic properties of Pt clusters to facilitate propane activation and propylene desorption. The strategy of combining precious metal clusters with metal cation-exchanged zeolites opens the avenue to develop stable heterogeneous catalysts for other reaction systems.

Abstract. Biomolecular aggregation within cellular environments via liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) spontaneously forms droplet-like structures, which play pivotal roles in diverse biological processes. These structures are closely associated with a range of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer and infectious diseases, highlighting the significance of understanding LLPS mechanisms for elucidating disease pathogenesis, and exploring potential therapeutic interventions. In this review, we delineate recent advancements in LLPS research, emphasizing its pathological relevance, therapeutic considerations, and the pivotal role of bioinformatic tools and databases in facilitating LLPS investigations. Additionally, we undertook a comprehensive analysis of bioinformatic resources dedicated to LLPS research in order to elucidate their functionality and applicability. By providing comprehensive insights into current LLPS-related bioinformatics resources, this review highlights its implications for human health and disease.

Abstract Water permeability of reinforced concrete is essential for transportation of ingress ions inside concrete structures. The coupling effect of permeability and loading presents a challenge for the experimental simulation of water-permeate reinforced concrete subjected to tension. This renders the development of the model based on dimensionless analysis, using a series of experimental tests from an innovative experimental system that allows simultaneous measurement of permeability and crack width. The experiments focused on both ordinary concrete and high strength concrete under tension. The relationship between permeability and variables such as deformation, diameter of rebars, tensile load, and crack width under tension was formulated through multiple regression analysis using the testing data. The load to deformation characteristics determines the permeability of the concrete under tension. The proposed model accounts for the influence of continuous loading on permeability, as demonstrated by the robust analysis and proposed yield effective point. The robust analysis demonstrates that the diameter of the rebar, load, and crack width exert minimal influence on the permeability of concrete at lower significance levels. However, permeability variations become pronounced from 0.5 threshold, with significant changes observed between 0.5 and 0.9 thresholds. The findings indicate a differential impact of the variables on the permeability of concrete under tension. The yield-effective points delineate the relationship between the rebar diameter, load, and crack-width on the permeability of concrete with a threshold of 0.5, 0.5, and 0.58, respectively. At a threshold of 0.78, higher permeability will occur in the concrete, attributed to the prevalence of deformation. This deformation highlights the parameters with the most significant influence on the permeability of concrete under tension. The robust analysis and yield effective point derivative are useful parameters to measure concrete permeability and evaluate the behavior of the permeability model under tension.

Abstract It has been previously shown that devices based on microbial biofilms can generate hydrovoltaic energy from water evaporation. However, the potential of hydrovoltaic energy as an energy source for microbial growth has remained unexplored. Here, we show that the electroautotrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris can directly utilize evaporation-induced hydrovoltaic electrons for growth within biofilms through extracellular electron uptake, with a strong reliance on carbon fixation coupled with nitrate reduction. We obtained similar results with two other electroautotrophic bacterial species. Although the energy conversion efficiency for microbial growth based on hydrovoltaic energy is low compared to other processes such as photosynthesis, we hypothesize that hydrovoltaic energy may potentially contribute to microbial survival and growth in energy-limited environments, given the ubiquity of microbial biofilms and water evaporation conditions.

The Gaoligong Mountains are characterized by large variations in elevation and topography, which support high levels of biodiversity and endemism that remain largely understudied. Herein, based on the integration of morphological comparisons and phylogenetic reconstruction, we describe a new species of Rhacophorus from the northern Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan Province, China. The new species, Rhacophorus dulongensis sp. nov., is morphologically distinguishable from its congeners based on the differences in body size, head length, tibia length, snout and tongue shape, toe webbing formula and coloration, ventral skin texture and coloration, dorsal pattern and coloration, body macroglands, iris coloration, and pattern of markings on flanks. Phylogenetically, it differs from its congeners by uncorrected p-distances of >4.8% for the 16S rRNA gene fragment. Rhacophorus dulongensis sp. nov. is likely to be found in Myanmar, considering its type locality lies close to the China-Myanmar border. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the “widespread” species, R. rhodopus, is a species complex and a composite of five distinct lineages. The results revealed that R. napoensis is also found in Vietnam, making it a new country record for Vietnam. Interestingly, R. dulongensis sp. nov. likely breeds in bamboo, a hidden behavioral characteristic that makes them easy to overlook. Given the ongoing habitat loss and degradation in the region, further biological exploration is urgently needed in the Gaoligong Mountains as a biodiversity reservoir.

With the continuous development of economy and industry, the demand for energy in modern society is ever-increasing. As a kind of high efficiency and low carbon energy, nuclear energy has attracted more and more attention. Developing nuclear energy, however, also brings some problems such as the release of radioactive metal ions that pose a threat to the environment and human health. Therefore, separation and removal of radioactive ions(e.g., U(Ⅵ)) from wastewater is of great significance to ensure the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Covalent organic frameworks(COFs) are a kind of periodic porous polymer materials composed of organic molecular units connected by covalent bonds. The emergence of COFs marks a new era in the field of materials. Because of the design ability of COFs and its unique advantages in structure and pore, it shows a good application prospect in catalysis, sensing and adsorption. Very recent efforts by some investigators have focused on the application of COFs in adsorption and separation of radionuclides, generally with encouraging results. According to the classification from the structural dimension, COFs can be divided into two-dimensional COFs materials(2D-COFs) and three-dimensional COFs materials(3D-COFs). Up to now, 2D COFs materials have been widely studied and applied. In contrast, the development of 3D-COF has been relatively slow, and the performance and application have been limited, a result of the limitations of molecular structural units and topological connections, as well as the difficulties of synthesis and structural analysis. To this end, in this paper, a combination of bond transformation and post-grafting was used to construct functional 3D-COFs materials for the efficient removal of U(Ⅵ) from wastewater. Firstly, the imine bond was reduced to an irreversible amine bond by reduction reaction, and then sulfonic acid group was introduced into the skeleton by reaction with 1, 3-propyl sulfonolactone to successfully synthesize COF-320-H2SO3. The structure and properties of COF-320-H2SO3 were characterized by various characterization methods, and the adsorption behavior of COF-320-H2SO3 on U(Ⅵ) was systematically studied. The results show that the chemical stability of COFs is significantly improved by the conversion of imine bond to amine bond, and the adsorption capacity of the material for U(Ⅵ) is clearly enhanced by the introduction of sulfonic acid group with hydrophilic and strong coordination ability. Even under the conditions of 3 mol/L HNO3, the adsorption capacity of U(Ⅵ) can reach more than 40 mg/g. This work further reveals the potential application value of COFs, especially 3D-COFs materials, in the separation of radioactive metal ions.

This paper introduces a comprehensive approach for predicting chemical concentrations (C) of sulfur compound in a two-dimensional space (x, y) by numerical solution of mass transfer equation and integration of machine learning. Data of training/validation are obtained from mass transfer modeling on adsorption separation utilizing porous adsorbent for petroleum desulfurization. Mass transfer modeling data were utilized for machine learning models which included three different regression models, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree Regression (DT), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). The hyper-parameters of these base models were optimized using the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm. The ensemble models, denoted as ADA-DT, ADA-MLP, and ADA-SVM were assessed based on key performance metrics, including R2, MAE, RMSE, and MAPE. Results demonstrated the efficacy of the ensemble models in capturing complex relationships within the dataset. ADA-DT obtained an exceptional R2 score of 0.99031, highlighting its outstanding predictive accuracy. Similarly, ADA-MLP and ADA-SVM showed great accuracy, achieving R2 of 0.88272 and 0.96842, respectively. In this study, we uncover valuable insights into the application of ensemble methods and hybridized optimization methods for accurate and robust regression modeling in chemical concentration prediction scenarios applicable for petroleum engineering.

Background and objectives: The inhibitor MLN4924 of Neural Precursor Cell-Expressed Developmentally Down-Regulated 8 (NEDD8) Activating Enzyme 1 (NAE1) has been found to suppress the growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, its effect on NPC's radiotherapy sensitivity remains unclear. Methods: By integrating single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing, we predict the impact of NAE1 on the cell cycle, cell death, and its relationship with radiotherapy sensitivity and prognosis in NPC. The effect of inhibiting NAE1 on NPC cell behavior and radiation sensitivity is explored through MLN4924 intervention in vitro and in vivo. We construct a prognosis prediction model based on NAE1 using machine learning methods and validate the efficacy of NAE1 and the model in clinical cohorts. Results: NPC patients with high NAE1 expression have better prognosis and higher expression in the radiotherapy-sensitive group. Inhibiting NAE1 with MLN4924 causes cell cycle arrest in NPC cells, preventing them from entering the G2/M phase, thereby inhibiting proliferation but not affecting migration and metastasis. However, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that inhibiting NAE1 with MLN4924 leads to increased resistance of NPC to radiation. Conclusions: Targeting NAE1 for NPC treatment may have dual effects, inhibiting NPC proliferation while also increasing radiation resistance.

Golden-flower fungus, the only dominant microorganism determining the Fu-brick tea quality through fermentation and the important microbe in Liupao tea, is considered a potential probiotic fungus based on its anti-obesity effect. However, the classif ication of golden-f lower fungi is still controversial; the anti-obesity effect of golden-f lower fungus polysaccharides remains unknown. In this study, we identify a golden-f lower strain as Aspergillus cristatus based on morphological characteristics and multigene phylogeny analysis, which resolves the controversy of classif ication. Moreover, we f ind A. cristatus polysaccharides (ACPS) attenuate obesity in rats. ACPS modulate gut bacterial composition, in which Akkermansia, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides, Romboutsia, Blautia, and Desulfovibrio are considered the core microbes regulated by ACPS.ACPS increase fecal total short-chain fatty acid content and serum, hepatic, and fecal total bile acid content. Furthermore, ACPS-induced gut microbiota alteration plays a causal role in the protection from obesity, according to a fecal transplantation experiment. Thus, ACPS ameliorate obesity by regulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related metabolites.

AIM: To analysis of research hotspots and trends on the application of premium intraocular lens (PIOLs) in the past 2 decades. METHODS: The literature search was performed on the Web of Science and included PIOLs studies published between January 2000 and December 2022. The retrieved literature was collated and analyzed by R-tool's Bibliometrix package, CitNetExplorer, CiteSpace and other software. RESULTS: A total of 1801 articles about PIOLs were obtained, most of which were published in Spain and the United States. The organization that published the most articles was the University of Valencia in Spain. Alió JL, and Montés-Micó R, from Spain were the most influential authors in this field. The Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery and Journal of Refractive Surgery were the core journals for this field; the top 10 cited articles mainly focus on postoperative satisfaction with multifocal intraocular lens (IOLs) and postoperative results of toric IOLs. Through the keyword analysis, we found that trifocal IOLs, astigmatism and extended depth of focus (EDoF) IOLs are the most discussed topics at present, and the importance of astigmatism and the clinical application of the new generation of PIOLs are the emerging research trends. CONCLUSION: Bibliometric analysis can effectively help to identify multilevel concerns in PIOLs research and the prevailing research trends in the realm of PIOLs encompass the adoption of EDoF IOLs, trifocal IOLs, and their respective Toric models.

Abstract The torrent frogs of the genus Amolops represent a great anuran diversification in southern China and Southeast Asia. Previous studies have shown that, the diversity of this genus still remains underestimated. During herpetological surveys from 2021 to 2022, several Amolops specimens were collected from the international border regions of southwestern Yunnan Province, China. Herein, we utilized molecular phylogenetic and morphological data to identify these specimens. Our findings indicate the presence of a separate and previously unknown lineage in the A. viridimaculatus group, which we formally describe as a new species. Furthermore, the specimen from Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve clustered with A. vitreus from the paratype, supporting the morphological diagnosis. Therefore, we describe a new species and a new species record for China. Our study contributes to the species richness of the genus Amolops as well as the diversity of amphibians in China. Notably, our discovery brings the total number of Amolops species to 85 and the total number of torrent frog species known to occur in China to 53. In addition, our study further confirmed that Yunnan and Indochina Peninsula have similar faunal composition, implying that more studies are needed to achieve a complete understanding of the species diversity and distribution pattern.

Abstract Inflammation has accompanied human beings since the emergence of wounds and infections. In the past decades, numerous efforts have been undertaken to explore the potential role of inflammation in cancer, from tumor development, invasion, and metastasis to the resistance of tumors to treatment. Inflammation-targeted agents not only demonstrate the potential to suppress cancer development, but also to improve the efficacy of other therapeutic modalities. In this review, we describe the highly dynamic and complex inflammatory tumor microenvironment, with discussion on key inflammation mediators in cancer including inflammatory cells, inflammatory cytokines, and their downstream intracellular pathways. In addition, we especially address the role of inflammation in cancer development and highlight the action mechanisms of inflammation-targeted therapies in antitumor response. Finally, we summarize the results from both preclinical and clinical studies up to date to illustrate the translation potential of inflammation-targeted therapies.

Abstract Understanding intracellular phase separation is crucial for deciphering transcriptional control, cell fate transitions, and disease mechanisms. However, the key residues, which impact phase separation the most for protein phase separation function have remained elusive. We develop PSPHunter, which can precisely predict these key residues based on machine learning scheme. In vivo and in vitro validations demonstrate that truncating just 6 key residues in GATA3 disrupts phase separation, enhancing tumor cell migration and inhibiting growth. Glycine and its motifs are enriched in spacer and key residues, as revealed by our comprehensive analysis. PSPHunter identifies nearly 80% of disease-associated phase-separating proteins, with frequent mutated pathological residues like glycine and proline often residing in these key residues. PSPHunter thus emerges as a crucial tool to uncover key residues, facilitating insights into phase separation mechanisms governing transcriptional control, cell fate transitions, and disease development.

Influencing factors and sensitivity analysis of coal permeability are significant for reasonably setting coalbed methane (CBM) extraction parameters and increasing CBM output. Seepage tests were conducted on gassy coal using a seepage test system for damaged coal and rock mass under various conditions of axial pressure, confining pressure, and gas pressure. Moreover, the influences of different factors on the permeability of gassy coal and the sensitivity of permeability to these factors were analyzed. Research results show that under the same confining pressure, the relationship between permeability and axial pressure of gassy coal meets the quadratic polynomial function; under the same axial pressure, the permeability changes with the confining pressure as a power function. The permeability of gassy coal is far more sensitive to confining pressure than to axial pressure during axial seepage. Under the same axial pressure and confining pressure (same stress), the permeability of gassy coal reduces at first and then increases in a V-shaped trend with growing gas pressure. There is a turning point in the seepage tests, that is, the critical gas pressure. When the gas pressure is lower than the critical value, the slippage effect plays the leading role in the variation of permeability of the coal; on the contrary, effective stress plays the dominant role. In the non-isobaric deviatoric stress state, the permeability of gassy coal is most sensitive to the confining pressure, followed successively by gas pressure and axial pressure. The research results provide a theoretical basis for precise gas extraction and control in coal seams.

Effective nitrogen (N) management practices are essential for achieving efficient and sustainable agricultural production. The purpose of this study was to improve N use efficiency (NUE) and minimize N loss by optimizing the rate and type of N fertilizer application while maintaining a high yield of maize. A two-year field experiment with U (urea), S (slow-release N fertilizer), and SU (blending of S and U) under four N application levels (N1: 90 kg ha−1, N2: 120 kg ha−1, N3: 180 kg ha−1, N4: 240 kg ha−1) was conducted to investigate their effects on ammonia (NH3) volatilization, residual soil nitrate N (NO3−-N), yield, NUE, apparent N losses of rainfed maize. NH3 volatilization in SU and S were 38.46% and 16.57% lower than that in U, respectively. SU and S were found to reduce the apparent N losses by 42.98% and 62.23%. SU decreased NO3−-N leaching in deep soils and increased NO3−-N content in topsoil. Compared with U and S, SU significantly increased yield, plant N accumulation, and NUE. SUN4 achieved the maximum maize yield and plant N accumulation, averaging 7968.36 kg ha−1 and 166.45 kg ha−1. In addition, the high yield and NUE were obtained when the mixing ratio of S and U was 53–58% and the N application rate was 150–220 kg ha−1. The findings highlight that SU effectively reduces N losses while ensuring high yield, which could be used as one of the optimal N fertilization strategies for rainfed maize in Northwest China.