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Abstract Background Topoisomerase II α(TOP2A) is usually highly expressed in rapidly proliferating cells, and its expression is regulated by cell cycle. The relationship between TOP2A and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) needs further study. Methods TOP2A immunoreactivity was analyzed using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining analysis in specimens from 20 OSCC patients. Based on the high-throughput sequencing and gene microarray database, the expression of TOP2A mRNA in OSCC was calculated and its ability to identify OSCC tissues was evaluated by diagnostic analysis. CRISPR screen was used to select the genes necessary for OSCC cell growth, and the gene set was analyzed for function enrichment. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis was conducted to evaluate the expression level of TOP2A mRNA in OSCC cells. Results Compared with normal oral tissues, the expression of TOP2A protein was up-regulated in OSCC tissues. A total of 1240 OSCC and 428 non-OSCC oral tissue samples were included based on high-throughput dataset retrieval, and it was confirmed that TOP2A mRNA was highly expressed in OSCC tissues [SMD = 1.51 (95% CI 0.94–2.07), sROC AUC = 0.96 (95% CI 0.94–0.98)]. As an essential gene for OSCC cell growth, single-cell RNA sequencing data also confirmed that TOP2A mRNA expression was up-regulated in OSCC cells. Conclusion The up-regulation of TOP2A may play a pivotal role in OSCC.

Abstract Background Selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (sACP) is a crucial cerebral protection technique employed during aortic dissection surgeries involving cardiopulmonary bypass. However, postoperative neurological complications, particularly those related to cannulation issues and perfusion problems, remain a significant concern. Case Presentation This case report details an unusual instance where a 38-year-old male patient with Marfan syndrome experienced cerebral hypoperfusion during emergency surgery for Stanford Type A aortic dissection. Despite following standard protocols, a significant drop in regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) and abnormal blood pressure fluctuations were observed shortly after initiating sACP via the innominate artery. After initial attempts to optimize perfusion flow proved ineffective, the cannulation position was adjusted, leading to improvements. Nevertheless, the patient subsequently exhibited signs of cerebral hypoperfusion and was found to have suffered a new cerebral infarction. Conclusions This case report underscores the importance of precise cannula placement during sACP procedures and the dire consequences that can arise from improper positioning. It emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring and prompt intervention in cases of abnormal cerebral oxygenation and blood pressure, as well as the value of considering cannulation-related issues as potential causes of postoperative neurological complications.

Abstract Background The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of polishing post-treatment process on the torque loss ratio and microgap of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) abutments before and after mechanical cycling test through improving the surface roughness of the implant-abutment interface. Materials and methods Forty SLM abutments were fabricated, with 20 underwent minor back-cutting, designated as polishing, in the implant-abutment interface. The abutments were divided into three groups: SLM abutments (group A), original abutments (group B), and polished SLM abutments (group C), each containing 20 abutments. Surface roughness was evaluated using a laser microscope. Implant-abutment specimens were subjected to mechanical cycling test, and disassembly torque values were measured before and after. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to measure microgap after longitudinal sectioning of specimens. Correlation between surface roughness, torque loss ratio, and microgap were evaluated. LSD’s test and Tamhane’s T2 comparison were used to analyze the data (α = 0.05). Results The Sz value of polished SLM abutments (6.86 ± 0.64 μm) demonstrated a significant reduction compared to SLM abutments (26.52 ± 7.12 μm). The torque loss ratio of polished SLM abutments (24.16%) was significantly lower than SLM abutments (58.26%), while no statistically significant difference that original abutments (18.23%). The implant-abutment microgap of polished SLM abutments (2.38 ± 1.39 μm) was significantly lower than SLM abutments (8.69 ± 5.30 μm), and this difference was not statistically significant with original abutments (1.87 ± 0.81 μm). A significant positive correlation was identified between Sz values and the ratio of torque loss after cycling test (r = 0.903, P

Identifying novel compound–protein interactions (CPIs) plays a pivotal role in target identification and drug discovery. Although the recent multimodal methods have achieved outstanding advances in CPI prediction, they fail to effectively learn both intra-modality and inter-modality dynamics, which limits their prediction performance. To address the limitation, we propose a novel multimodal tensor fusion CPI prediction framework, named MMTF-CPI, which contains three unimodal learning modules for structure, heterogeneous network and transcriptional profiling modalities, a tensor fusion module and a prediction module. MMTF-CPI is capable of focusing on both intra-modality and inter-modality dynamics with the tensor fusion module. We demonstrated that MMTF-CPI is superior to multiple state-of-the-art multimodal methods across seven datasets. The prediction performance of MMTF-CPI is significantly improved with the tensor fusion module compared to other fusion methods. Moreover, our case studies confirmed the practical value of MMTF-CPI in target identification. Via MMTF-CPI, we also discovered several candidate compounds for the therapy of breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer.

Asphalt pavement is widely applied to the surface in high-grade highway tunnels due to its prominent preponderance in road performance. However, asphalt is flammable as the binder material to adhere the aggregates and other additives, resulting that a fire in the semi-closed space of the tunnel can ignite and burn asphalt pavement to generate a large amount of heat and smoke. Therefore, further promoting the advance of flame-retardant asphalt pavement is essential to ensure security in tunnels. We gathered the relevant standards or regulations of diverse nations and test methods concerning flame retardancy of asphalt. Then we reviewed the research status of flame-retardant asphalt mixture, including thermal characteristics of the asphalt and four fractions, the flame retardants applicable to asphalt, and effects on other components. This review demonstrated that establishing universal standards and test methods is a research basis specifically for flame-retardant asphalt pavement. To optimize the flame retardancy of asphalt pavement, it should focus on the synergy with diversified aspects such as asphalt binders, multiple flame retardants, aggregates, mineral powders, fibers, and other additives.

Abstract Background Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) refers to bleeding within the brain’s ventricular system, and hydrocephalus is a life-threatening complication of IVH characterized by increased cerebrospinal fluid accumulation in the ventricles resulting in elevated intracranial pressure. IVH poses significant challenges for healthcare providers due to the complexity of the underlying pathophysiology and lack of standardized treatment guidelines. Herein, we performed a systematic review of the treatment strategies for hydrocephalus secondary to IVH. Methods This systematic review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023450786). The search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science on July 15, 2023. We included original studies containing valid information on therapy management and outcome of hydrocephalus secondary to primary, spontaneous, and subarachnoid or intracranial hemorrhage following IVH in adults that were published between 2000 and 2023. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) or modified Ranking Scale (mRS) scores during follow-up were extracted as primary outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for Cohort Studies or Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 Tool. Results Two hundred and seven patients from nine published papers, including two randomized controlled trials, were included in the analysis. The GOS was used in five studies, while the mRS was used in four. Seven interventions were applied, including craniotomy for removal of hematoma, endoscopic removal of hematoma with/without endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), traditional external ventricular drainage (EVD), and various combinations of EVD, lumbar drainage (LD), and intraventricular fibrinolysis (IVF). Endoscopic removal of hematoma was performed in five of nine studies. Traditional EVD had no obvious benefit compared with new management strategies. Three different combinations of EVD, LD, and IVF demonstrated satisfactory outcomes, although more studies are required to confirm their reliability. Removal of hematoma through craniotomy generated reliable result. Generally, endoscopic removal of hematoma with ETV, removal of hematoma through craniotomy, EVD with IVF, and EVD with early continuous LD were useful. Conclusion EVD is still crucial for the management of IVH and hydrocephalus. Despite a more reliable result from the removal of hematoma through craniotomy, a trend toward endoscopic approach was observed due to a less invasive profile.

Electroactive polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with predominantly the β-phase is now challenging the fabricating of PVDF toward energy storage applications. Here, the comprehensive effect of BaTiO3 nano-particles and mechanical stretching on the improvement of the β-phase of PVDF was investigated. In situ synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements were performed to investigate this behavior. Consequently, the transformation rate of β-crystal for both pure PVDF (BT0) and PVDF/BaTiO3 (90/10) nanocomposites (BT1) decreases as the stretching temperature increases, implying that the high temperature is unfavorable to the formation of β-crystal phase. A synergistic enhancement of the β-phase of nano-particle additives and stretching was discovered. It was surprisingly observed that α-phase of PVDF would completely transform into β-crystal in BT1 sample at 100 °C during stretching. The mechanism of the synergistic effect of BaTiO3 nano-particles and mechanical stretching was proposed. Moreover, machine learning was implemented to predict the fraction of β-crystal phase (F(β)) of the PVDF/BaTiO3 composites under various uni-axial stretching conditions by Python 3.8. The results show that the machine learning technique can rapidly and efficiently discover the ideal value of F(β) and the optimal multivariate coupling conditions.

Abstract Cellular senescence assumes pivotal roles in various diseases through the secretion of proinflammatory factors. Despite extensive investigations into vascular senescence associated with aging and degenerative diseases, the molecular mechanisms governing microvascular endothelial cell senescence induced by traumatic stress, particularly its involvement in senescence-induced inflammation, remain insufficiently elucidated. In this study, we present a comprehensive demonstration and characterization of microvascular endothelial cell senescence induced by spinal cord injury (SCI). Lysine demethylase 6A (Kdm6a), commonly known as UTX, emerges as a crucial regulator of cell senescence in injured spinal cord microvascular endothelial cells (SCMECs). Upregulation of UTX induces senescence in SCMECs, leading to an amplified release of proinflammatory factors, specifically the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components, thereby modulating the inflammatory microenvironment. Conversely, the deletion of UTX in endothelial cells shields SCMECs against senescence, mitigates the release of proinflammatory SASP factors, and promotes neurological functional recovery after SCI. UTX forms an epigenetic regulatory axis by binding to calponin 1 (CNN1), orchestrating trauma-induced SCMECs senescence and SASP secretion, thereby influencing neuroinflammation and neurological functional repair. Furthermore, local delivery of a senolytic drug reduces senescent SCMECs and suppresses proinflammatory SASP secretion, reinstating a local regenerative microenvironment and enhancing functional repair after SCI. In conclusion, targeting the UTX-CNN1 epigenetic axis to prevent trauma-induced SCMECs senescence holds the potential to inhibit SASP secretion, alleviate neuroinflammation, and provide a novel treatment strategy for SCI repair.

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global health issue with noticeably high incidence and mortality. Microsimulation models offer a time-efficient method to dynamically analyze multiple screening strategies. The study aimed to identify the efficient organized CRC screening strategies for Shenzhen City. Methods A microsimulation model named CMOST was employed to simulate CRC screening among 1 million people without migration in Shenzhen, with two CRC developing pathways and real-world participation rates. Initial screening included the National Colorectal Polyp Care score (NCPCS), fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and risk-stratification model (RS model), followed by diagnostic colonoscopy for positive results. Several start-ages (40, 45, 50 years), stop-ages (70, 75, 80 years), and screening intervals (annual, biennial, triennial) were assessed for each strategy. The efficiency of CRC screening was assessed by number of colonoscopies versus life-years gained (LYG). Results The screening strategies reduced CRC lifetime incidence by 14–27 cases (30.9–59.0%) and mortality by 7–12 deaths (41.5–71.3%), yielded 83–155 LYG, while requiring 920 to 5901 colonoscopies per 1000 individuals. Out of 81 screening, 23 strategies were estimated efficient. Most of the efficient screening strategies started at age 40 (17 out of 23 strategies) and stopped at age 70 (13 out of 23 strategies). Predominant screening intervals identified were annual for NCPCS, biennial for FIT, and triennial for RS models. The incremental colonoscopies to LYG ratios of efficient screening increased with shorter intervals within the same test category. Compared with no screening, when screening at the same start-to-stop age and interval, the additional colonoscopies per LYG increased progressively for FIT, NCPCS and RS model. Conclusion This study identifies efficient CRC screening strategies for the average-risk population in Shenzhen. Most efficient screening strategies indeed start at age 40, but the optimal starting age depends on the chosen willingness-to-pay threshold. Within insufficient colonoscopy resources, efficient FIT and NCPCS screening strategies might be CRC initial screening strategies. We acknowledged the age-dependency bias of the results with NCPCS and RS.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes severe axon damage, usually leading to permanent paraparesis, which still lacks effective regenerative therapy. Recent studies have suggested that exosomes derived from neural stem cells (NSCs) may hold promise as attractive candidates for SCI treatment. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor positive NSC (EGFR+NSC) is a subpopulation of endogenous NSCs, showing strong regenerative capability in central nervous system disease. In the current study, we isolated exosomes from the EGFR+NSCs (EGFR+NSCs-Exos) and discovered that local delivery of EGFR+NSCs-Exos can effectively promote neurite regrowth in the injury site of spinal cord-injured mice and improve their neurological function recovery. Using the miRNA-seq, we firstly characterized the microRNAs (miRNAs) cargo of EGFR+NSCs-Exos and identified miR-34a-5p which was highly enriched in EGFR+NSCs derived exosomes. We further interpreted that exosomal miR-34a-5p could be transferred to neurons and inhibit the HDAC6 expression by directly binding to its mRNA, contributing to microtubule stabilization and autophagy induction for aiding SCI repair. Overall, our research demonstrated a novel therapeutic approach to improving neurological functional recovery by using exosomes secreted from a subpopulation of endogenous NSCs and providing a precise cell-free treatment strategy for SCI repair.

IntroductionDendrolimus punctatus, a major pest endemic to the native Pinus massoniana forests in China, displays major outbreak characteristics and causes severe destructiveness. In the context of global climate change, this study aims to investigate the effects of climatic variations on the distribution of D. punctatus and its host, P. massoniana. MethodsWe predict their potential suitable distribution areas in the future, thereby offering a theoretical basis for monitoring and controlling D. punctatus, as well as conserving P. massoniana forest resources. By utilizing existing distribution data on D. punctatus and P. massoniana, coupled with relevant climatic variables, this study employs an optimized maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model for predictions. With feature combinations set as linear and product (LP) and the regularization multiplier at 0.1, the model strikes an optimal balance between complexity and accuracy.ResultsThe results indicate that the primary climatic factors influencing the distribution of D. punctatus and P. massoniana include the minimum temperature of the coldest month, annual temperature range, and annual precipitation. Under the influence of climate change, the distribution areas of P. massoniana and its pests exhibit a high degree of similarity, primarily concentrated in the region south of the Qinling−Huaihe line in China. In various climate scenarios, the suitable habitat areas for these two species may expand to varying degrees, exhibiting a tendency to shift toward higher latitude regions. Particularly under the high emission scenario (SSP5-8.5), D. punctatus is projected to expand northwards at the fastest rate. DiscussionBy 2050, its migration direction is expected to closely align with that of P. massoniana, indicating that the pine forests will continue to be affected by the pest. These findings provide crucial empirical references for region-specific prevention of D. punctatus infestations and for the rational utilization and management of P. massoniana resources.

At present, the protection of birds, especially endangered birds, faces major challenges. In the process of protection, birds are often mixed with various drones, and it is difficult to accurately count the number of endangered birds, especially at night, which brings great difficulties to bird protection work. So tracking and identifying birds and drones is essential to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of bird conservation efforts. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a new multi-target tracking (MOT) model based on the combination of YOLOv9 detection algorithm and DeepSORT tracking algorithm. Firstly, the original RepNSCPELAN4 module is replaced by CAM context feature enhancement module in Backbone to improve the model’s ability to extract small target features. Following this, the AFF channel attention mechanism has been integrated with RepNSCPELAN4 in the Head section to create the RepNSCPELAN4-AFF module, which aims to better address semantic and scale inconsistencies. Finally, a new RepNSCPELAN4-AKConv module has been developed using the AKConv dynamic Convolution module to replace the RepNSCPELAN4 module in the original Head section, enabling the model to more effectively capture detailed and contextual information. In the bird-UAV visible light comprehensive dataset proposed in this study, the mAP0.50 and F1 Score of all categories are 81.3% and 71.9% respectively by the improved YOLOv9-DeepSORT model. The mAP0.50 and F1 scores of individual birds are 89.1% and 82.4%, respectively. Compared to the Basic YOLOv9 model, the former improves by 7.9% and 5.3%, while the latter improves by 23.9% and 17.0%. On infrared datasets, compared to the original model, the mAP0.50 and F1 scores of the improved model improved by 3.2% and 1.4% across all categories compared to the original model. The average accuracy of identifying individual birds and similarly shaped fixed-wing drones also improved by 2.2% and 7.5% respectively. Moreover, on the mixed visible light and infrared data sets, the model get mAP0.50 of 81.8% higher 0.9% than that of the YOLOv9. These experiments demonstrate the improved YOLOv9-DeepSORT method can expand the multiscene application range of bird recognition and tracking models, effectively promoting the extraction of video frame features in multi-target tracking.

Abstract The limited surface coverage and activity of active hydrides on oxide surfaces pose challenges for efficient hydrogenation reactions. Herein, we quantitatively distinguish the long-puzzling homolytic dissociation of hydrogen from the heterolytic pathway on Ga2O3, that is useful for enhancing hydrogenation ability of oxides. By combining transient kinetic analysis with infrared and mass spectroscopies, we identify the catalytic role of coordinatively unsaturated Ga3+ in homolytic H2 dissociation, which is formed in-situ during the initial heterolytic dissociation. This site facilitates easy hydrogen dissociation at low temperatures, resulting in a high hydride coverage on Ga2O3 (H/surface Ga3+ ratio of 1.6 and H/OH ratio of 5.6). The effectiveness of homolytic dissociation is governed by the Ga-Ga distance, which is strongly influenced by the initial coordination of Ga3+. Consequently, by tuning the coordination of active Ga3+ species as well as the coverage and activity of hydrides, we achieve enhanced hydrogenation of CO2 to CO, methanol or light olefins by 4-6 times.

Dietary polyphenols are the most abundant antioxidants in daily diet and widely distributed in plants and plant-based foods, including vegetables, fruits, cereals, nuts, and beverages (e.g., tea, coffee, red wine). Over the past decades, there has been rising scientific interest in their diverse benefits to human health, since dietary polyphenols display various bioactivities, such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-cancer, anti-microbial activity, neuro-protective activity, among others. Various studies have demonstrated that diet with polyphenols is strongly related to decrease the risk of chronic diseases. In this review, firstly, we systematically summarize classification and sources of dietary polyphenols, and focus on the current evidences defining their function and mechanism on improving chronic diseases, including diabetes, obesity, hypertension, hyperuricemia. Then, future directions of dietary polyphenols are discussed. Noteworthy, despite the physiological effects of dietary polyphenols have been widely convinced in vitro and in vivo, human trials show inconsistent evidence with their beneficial effects in chronic diseases administration, so as to their unclear molecular mechanism. More clinical studies are needed to provide clear evidence on dietary polyphenols against chronic diseases. In general, this paper provides comprehensive review of the sources and compositions of dietary polyphenols from plant materials, and presents an overview of the evidence on dietary polyphenols against chronic diseases, which may offer some constructive inspirations for further research on dietary polyphenols and industrial application in the food and medicine industry.

The leaves of Eucalyptus are abundant in natural resources as a novel potential antioxidant and have broad market prospect. Four of characteristic hydrolysable tannins from Eucalyptus leaves have been demonstrated great application potential as natural antioxidants in our previous research. In this study, the bioactive activities of another hydrolysable tannin isolated and identified as oenothein B (OEB) were evaluated. Content of bioactive compound (hydrolysable tannin) from different Eucalyptus species and regions in southern China were investigated. The results showed that OEB not only exerted anti-proliferative activity against HepG2 cell, but also showed higher cellular antioxidant activity than some common antioxidants. Generally, content of characteristic hydrolysable tannins decreased in the order of OEB > tellimagrandin Ⅰ (T1) > pedunculagin > gemin D > pentagalloyl glucose (PGG). E. grandis × E. urophylla GL9 and E. urophylla × E. grandis could be recommended as new natural sources to exploit hydrolysable tannins because of high content, widely plantation and strong adaptability. This study supplied first insight on introduction of high cellular antioxidant activity of OEB and selecting the species and region to exploit natural antioxidants. It will promote the increasing of economic value of Eucalyptus.

Objective: To investigate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic resection of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) in the hepatic caudate lobe. Methods: The clinical data of eight patients who underwent laparoscopic hepatic caudate lobe FNH resection at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The laparoscopic procedures were successful in all eight patients, and no patients required conversion to open surgery. Five patients underwent partial caudate lobe resection, one patient underwent caudate lobe resection, and two patients underwent combined left hemihepatectomy with caudate lobe resection. Tumor resection was performed using the left approach in five cases, the right approach in one case, the middle hepatic fissure approach in one case, and the left and right combined approach in one case. The operation time ranged from 120 to 360 min, with a mean of 225 min. The intraoperative blood loss ranged from 50 to 600 ml, with a mean of 235 ml. No postoperative bleeding, bile leakage or abdominal infection occurred. Conclusions: Laparoscopic resection of hepatic caudate lobe FNH was safe and feasible in appropriate patients. Skilled laparoscopic hepatectomy techniques, adequate preoperative evaluation, appropriate choice of surgical approach and the control of intraoperative bleeding are critical to perform this surgery.

Abstract Using highly sensitive and selective in situ techniques to investigate the dynamics of intermediates formation is key to better understand reaction mechanisms. However, investigating the early stages of solid-state reactions/transformations is still challenging. Here we introduce in situ fluorescence spectroscopy to observe the evolution of intermediates during a two-step [2 + 2] photocycloaddition process in a coordination polymer platform. The structural changes and kinetics of each step under ultraviolet light irradiation versus time are accompanied by the gradual increase-decrease of intensity and blue-shift of the fluorescence spectra from the crystals. Monitoring the fluorescence behavior using a laser scanning confocal microscope can directly visualize the inhomogeneity of the photocycloaddition reaction in a single crystal. Theoretical calculations allow us to rationalize the fluorescence behavior of these compounds. We provide a convenient strategy for visualizing the solid-state photocycloaddition dynamics using fluorescence spectroscopy and open an avenue for kinetic studies of a variety of fast reactions.

Abstract Macroevolution can be regarded as the result of evolutionary changes of synergistically acting genes. Unfortunately, the importance of these genes in macroevolution is difficult to assess and hence the identification of macroevolutionary key genes is a major challenge in evolutionary biology. In this study, we designed various word embedding libraries of natural language processing (NLP) considering the multiple mechanisms of evolutionary genomics. A novel method (IKGM) based on three types of attention mechanisms (domain attention, kmer attention and fused attention) were proposed to calculate the weights of different genes in macroevolution. Taking 34 species of diurnal butterflies and nocturnal moths in Lepidoptera as an example, we identified a few of key genes with high weights, which annotated to the functions of circadian rhythms, sensory organs, as well as behavioral habits etc. This study not only provides a novel method to identify the key genes of macroevolution at the genomic level, but also helps us to understand the microevolution mechanisms of diurnal butterflies and nocturnal moths in Lepidoptera.

CCHC-type zinc finger proteins (CCHC-ZFPs), ubiquitous across plant species, are integral to their growth, development, hormonal regulation, and stress adaptation. Roses (Rosa sp.), as one of the most significant and extensively cultivated ornamentals, account for more than 30% of the global cut-flower market. Despite its significance, the CCHC gene family in roses (Rosa sp.) remains unexplored. This investigation identified and categorized 41 CCHC gene members located on seven chromosomes of rose into 14 subfamilies through motif distribution and phylogenetic analyses involving ten additional plant species, including Ginkgo biloba, Ostreococcus lucimarinus, Arabidopsis thaliana, and others. This study revealed that dispersed duplication likely plays a crucial role in the diversification of the CCHC genes, with the Ka/Ks ratio suggesting a history of strong purifying selection. Promoter analysis highlighted a rich presence of cis-acting regulatory elements linked to both abiotic and biotic stress responses. Differential expression analysis under drought conditions grouped the 41 CCHC gene members into five distinct clusters, with those in group 4 exhibiting pronounced regulation in roots and leaves under severe drought. Furthermore, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the RcCCHC25 member from group 4 compromised drought resilience in rose foliage. This comprehensive analysis lays the groundwork for further investigations into the functional dynamics of the CCHC gene family in rose physiology and stress responses.

Abstract Nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) are promising candidates for future commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs) due to their simple synthesis. Still, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of NFREA‐based OSCs have large room for improvement. In this work, by merging end group halogenation and side chain engineering, we developed four A–D–A'–D–A type NFREAs, which we refer to as EH‐4F, C4‐4F, EH‐4Cl, and C4‐4Cl. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed that multiple intermolecular S···F interactions between cyclopentadithiophene and 5,6‐difluoro‐3‐(dicyanomethylene)indanone could cause an unfavorable dimer formation, leading to ineffective π–π stackings in EH‐4F and C4‐4F, whereas no such dimer was found in EH‐4Cl and C4‐4Cl after replacing with 5,6‐dichloro‐3‐(dicyanomethylene)indanone. Moreover, although the shorter n‐butyl side chain resulted in a closer molecular packing in C4‐4Cl, EH‐4Cl (2‐ethylhexyl substitution) with proper crystallinity exhibited enhanced face‐on orientation in thin film, which is favorable for vertical charge transport and further reducing charge recombination. As a result, a PCE of 13.0% is obtained for EH‐4Cl‐based OSC with a fill factor of 0.70. This work highlights the importance of molecular packing and orientation control toward future high‐performance A–D–A'–D–A type NFREAs.

Nowadays, Megalobrama hoffmanni is a typical cultured fish in south China due to its resource decline in the Pearl River. Meanwhile, since antibiotics had been banned internationally, Chinese medical herbal plant serving as alternative to antibiotics has been adopted in aquaculture. In the present study, to ensure the health growth of M. hoffmanni, extract of traditional medical herbal plant Ampelopsis grossedentata was dietary supplemented and a series experiments were performed, including growth performance determination, physiological/biochemical detection, nutrition analysis, histology analysis, and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Growth performance enhancement was determined since the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and condition factor (CF) of M. hoffmanni increased as feeding inclusion A. grossedentata extract. Interestingly, the total content of muscle fatty acids ascended via supplementing A. grossedentata extract at middle level, in which group the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) significantly increased and thus retarded the lipid peroxidation process (manifesting as malondialdehyde (MDA) content rising). Additionally, immune response and inflammatory reaction was stimulated in low and high level A. grossedentata extract added groups, indicating a suitable dosage of A. grossedentata extract benefited in safety production. Moreover, gut microbiota community varied hugely as daily supplementation A. grossedentata extract and the keystone species were tightly related to lipid transformation, which ultimately led to fatty acids composition variation. Our results confirmed that dietary supplementation A. grossedentata extract at the middle level (0.5‰, w/w) is suitable for serving as feed additive in healthful aquaculture of M. hoffmanni.

ObjectiveBenign Brenner tumor (BBT) is a rare ovarian tumor, and there are few discrete reports about its manifestation in an ultrasound. This study sought to investigate the two-dimensional (2D) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features of this entity.MethodsThis is a retrospective single-center study. The clinical manifestations, laboratory examination, and ultrasound data of 25 female patients with BBT were confirmed by pathology when they underwent 2D and/or CEUS examination at Ningbo First Hospital from January 2012 to June 2023. The ultrasound findings of the patients were analyzed using the terminology of the International Organization for the Analysis of Ovarian Tumor and were read by two senior sonographers who reached an agreement.ResultsAmong the all 25 patients, most of them were unilateral, and only one patient was bilateral. Thus, 26 lesions were found: 44.0% (11/25) were in the left and 52.0% (13/25) were in the right. Moreover, 53.84% (14/26) were solid lesions, 15.38% (4/26) were mixed lesions, and 26.92% (7/26) were cystic lesions. Among the solid-type patients, 42.85% (6/14) of the cases were with calcification. Upon laboratory examination, 12.0% (3/25) of the patients had high carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) level, and 19.04% (4/21) of the patients had an elevated carbohydrate antigen724 (CA-724) level in the serum tumor markers. In the hormone test, 14.28% (3/21) were found to have a high postmenopausal estrogen level and 14.28%(3/21) were found to have a high level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). One patient with complex manifestations and three with solid manifestations were examined by CEUS to observe the microcirculation perfusion of the tumor. One with solid and cystic separation was rapidly hyperenhanced and cleared, and the filling subsided faster than the uterus. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was benign Brenner tumor with mucinous cystadenoma. The other three cases were solid adnexal lesions, which showed isoenhancement on CEUS and disappeared slowly, synchronizing with the uterus. The CEUS results were considered as benign tumors and confirmed by pathology.ConclusionsBBT can show ovarian cystic, mixed cystic and solid type, and solid echo in 2D ultrasound. Unilateral ovarian fibrosis with punctate calcification is an important feature of BBT in 2D ultrasound. However, for solid adnexal masses and mixed cystic and solid masses with unclear diagnosis, if CEUS shows isoenhancement or hyperenhancement, the possibility of BBT cannot be excluded.

Abstract Background Lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis (LFJ OA) is a common disease, and there is still a lack of effective disease-modifying therapies. Our aim was to determine the therapeutic effect of hypoxia-treated adipose mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC)-derived exosomes (Hypo-ADSC-Exos) on the protective effect against LFJ OA. Methods The protective effect of Hypo-ADSC-Exos against LFJ OA was examined in lumbar spinal instability (LSI)-induced LFJ OA models. Spinal pain behavioural assessments and CGRP (Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide positive) immunofluorescence were evaluated. Cartilage degradation and subchondral bone remodelling were assessed by histological methods, immunohistochemistry, synchrotron radiation-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (SR-FTIR), and 3D X-ray microscope scanning. Results Hypoxia enhanced the protective effect of ADSC-Exos on LFJ OA. Specifically, tail vein injection of Hypo-ADSC-Exos protected articular cartilage from degradation, as demonstrated by lower FJ OA scores of articular cartilage and less proteoglycan loss in lumbar facet joint (LFJ) cartilage than in the ADSC-Exo group, and these parameters were significantly improved compared to those in the PBS group. In addition, the levels and distribution of collagen and proteoglycan in LFJ cartilage were increased in the Hypo-ADSC-Exo group compared to the ADSC-Exo or PBS group by SR-FTIR. Furthermore, Hypo-ADSC-Exos normalized uncoupled bone remodelling and aberrant H-type vessel formation in subchondral bone and effectively reduced symptomatic spinal pain caused by LFJ OA in mice compared with those in the ADSC-Exo or PBS group. Conclusions Our results show that hypoxia is an effective method to improve the therapeutic effect of ADSC-Exos on ameliorating spinal pain and LFJ OA progression.

Timely and accurate information on tree species is of great importance for the sustainable management of natural resources, forest inventory, biodiversity detection, and carbon stock calculation. The advancement of remote sensing technology and artificial intelligence has facilitated the acquisition and analysis of remote sensing data, resulting in more precise and effective classification of tree species. A review of the remote sensing data and deep learning tree species classification methods is lacking in its analysis of unimodal and multimodal remote sensing data and classification methods in this field. To address this gap, we search for major trends in remote sensing data and tree species classification methods, provide a detailed overview of classic deep learning-based methods for tree species classification, and discuss some limitations of tree species classification.

Abstract Background Although the implications of circular RNAs (circRNAs) with the progression of diverse pathological conditions have been reported, the circRNA players in osteoarthritis (OA) are barely studied. Methods In this study, twenty-five OA patients who received arthroplasty were recruited for cartilage tissue collection. Public circRNA microarray data from Gene Expression Omnibus was retrieved for circRNA identification. An in vitro cell model of OA-related damages was constructed by treating human chondrocytes (CHON-001 cell line) with IL-1β, and circSOD2 siRNA was used to silence circSOD2 expression to study its functional role in apoptosis, inflammatory responses, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Besides, we investigated the functional interactions among circSOD2, miR-224-5p, and peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) by luciferase reporter assay, RNA-immunoprecipitation assay, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results Our findings revealed the overexpression of circSOD2 in the OA cartilage and cell samples, and circSOD2 knockdown alleviated ECM degradation, inflammation, and apoptosis in CHON-001 cell model. In addition, our findings suggested the regulatory function of circSOD2 knockdown on miR-224-5p expression, while miR-224-5p was capable of downregulating PRDX3 expression. The co-transfection of miR-224-5p inhibitor or pcDNA-PRDX3 could prevent the effect of circSOD2 knockdown. Conclusion Hence, our results demonstrated that knockdown of circSOD2 may serve as an intervention strategy to alleviate OA progression through modulating miR-224-5p/PRDX3 signaling axis.

Highlights Two series of terpolymers with improved photostability were realized by the introduction of appropriate ratio of antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene unit containing side chains. All-polymer solar cells and organic photodetectors (OPDs) with these terpolymers as both donors and acceptors have been prepared with simultaneously improved efficiency and stability. A feasible approach to develop terpolymers with antioxidant efficacy for improving the lifetime of organic solar cells and OPDs is proposed.

Abstract Purpose Negative buttress reduction should be avoided in the treatment of femoral neck fractures (FNFs) using conventional fixation. As the femoral neck system (FNS) has been recently developed and utilized widely to treat FNFs, the association of reduction quality with postoperative complications and clinical function has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of nonanatomical reduction in young patients with FNFs treated with FNS. Methods This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 58 patients with FNFs treated with FNS between September 2019 and December 2021. According to the reduction quality immediately following surgery, patients were classified into positive, anatomical, and negative buttress reduction groups. Postoperative complications were assessed with 12 months of follow-up. The logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors for postoperative complications. The postoperative hip function was assessed using the Harris hip scores (HHS) system. Results At a follow-up of 12 months, a total of eight patients (8/58, 13.8%) had postoperative complications in three groups. Compared with the anatomical reduction group, negative buttress reduction was significantly associated with a higher complication rate (OR = 2.99, 95%CI 1.10–8.10, P = 0.03). No significant associations were found between positive buttress reduction and the incidence of postoperative complications (OR = 1.21, 95%CI 0.35–4.14, P = 0.76). The difference was not statistically significant in Harris hip scores. Conclusion Negative buttress reduction should be avoided in young patients with FNFs treated with FNS.

Caroli disease is a rare congenital malformation that predisposes to segmental cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Banti syndrome is characterized by persistent splenomegaly due to chronic congestion, resulting in a low hematocrit and ultimately leading to pancytopenia. In this report, we describe a 29-year-old woman who presented with a >20-year history of hepatitis B surface antigen positivity and a >1-year history of recurrent fatigue and malaise. On examination, the patient had abdominal distension with marked splenomegaly (7 cm below the ribs) and ascites with tenderness of the abdominal muscles to palpation. A complete blood count showed a low white blood cell count, red blood cell count, and hemoglobin concentration. During the course of treatment, the patient developed multiple symptoms of pancytopenia and concomitant splenomegaly, and she was discharged after total splenectomy with good recovery. The combination of Banti syndrome and Caroli disease results in severe symptoms of portal hypertension.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of femoral neck system compared to dynamic hip screws in treating femoral neck fractures. Method: The systematic review was conducted from January to March 2023, and comprised literature search on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Ovid, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases for relevant studies published up to March 1, 2023. Study data as well as demographic and outcome parameters related to the patients were extracted, and the methodological index for non-randomised studies was used to assess the risk of bias. Review Manager software was used to conduct meta-analysis. Results: Of the 567 studies initially found, 6(1%) were included, with the publication date ranging from August 2021 to February 2023. There were 5(83.3%) studies published in English and 1(16.7%) in Chinese. Of the 577 patients with femoral neck fractures, 287(49.7%) were treated with femoral neck system and 290(50.3%) with dynamic hip screws. Significant differences were shown between the two groups regarding operation duration, blood loss, internal fixation failure rate and Harris hip score (p=0.05). Conclusion: The novel femoral neck system could optimise surgical procedures, with shorter operation times and lesser blood loss. The femoral neck system and dynamic hip screws were comparable in terms of complication rates and postoperative hip function. Key Words: Femoral neck fractures, Internal fixators, Meta-analysis.

Gaucher disease is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by inborn errors of metabolism. Globally, more than 27 million people are born each year, and approximately 19,000 neonates are born with lysosomal storage disease. We report a rare case of Gaucher disease in an adult female patient of non-consanguineous parents in a subtropical area of Jiangxi Province, China. This area has a high prevalence of schistosomiasis. The diagnosis of this case posed a great challenge because of the possible differential diagnoses of pancytopenia with hepatomegaly and giant splenomegaly. The key component of the patient’s diagnosis was her medical history in which it was documented that her brother had died of hepatocellular carcinoma of unknown origin. We diagnosed the patient through a combination of a pathological biopsy and imaging plus the patient’s medical history.