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Echinochloa crus-galli var. zelayensis is a troublesome weed in rice fields and can be controlled by using quinclorac. However, over-reliance on quinclorac has resulted in resistant (R) barnyardgrass, which differs significantly in its ability to transport quinclorac compared to susceptible (S) barnyardgrass. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms for this different translocation between R and S barnyardgrass.Larger amount of quinclorac was transferred from shoots to roots in R compared to S barnyardgrass. After 1 day of quinclorac [300 g active ingredient (a.i.) haThis report provides clear evidence that higher PIPs expression results in rapid quinclorac translocation from shoots to roots and reduces the quinclorac accumulation in the shoot meristems in R barnyardgrass, thus reducing the control efficacy of quinclorac. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Graphene (Gr) is a monolayer of carbon atoms in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, and has derivatives of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Gr is widely used in various fields for its good optics, conductivity, mechanical properties, low toxicity, antibacterial properties, biocompatibility and stability. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide have similar properties to Gr, and all three materials have advantages and disadvantages and are often not used alone but are composited with other materials to improve their properties for a particular application. From the perspectives of the toxicity and antibacterial properties of Gr and its derivatives, this paper reviews their uses in treating skin wounds and tumours, promoting the regeneration of skeletal muscle and bone, and facilitating drug loading and diagnosis. The problems associated with these applications are analyzed and solutions are suggested. Future research and development prospects for Gr-based materials are presented.

A novel anaerobic maifanite-immobilized sludge reactor (AMSR) was employed to investigate the feasibility and performance of continuous hydrogen production for the treatment of pharmaceutical intermediate wastewater (PIW) at different organic loading rates (OLR) (from 12 to 96 g COD L−1 d−1) according to changes in the hydraulic retention time (HRT). A reactor without maifanite was also employed as a control. The results indicate that maifanite accelerates granular sludge formation and the AMSR presents more efficient and stable performance than the control in terms of the hydrogen production rate. In the AMSR, the highest hydrogen production rate of 11.2 ± 0.4 mmol L−1 h−1 was achieved at an optimum OLR of 72 g COD L−1 d−1. The main metabolic route for hydrogen production was ethanol-type fermentation, which was reflected in the relative abundance of E. harbinense, which was dominant for all of the OLRs. The maximum energy conversion efficiency in the dual production of hydrogen and ethanol was determined to be 24.5 kJ L−1 h−1 at an OLR of 72 g COD L−1 d−1.

So far, layered PdSe2 has attracted much attention due to its completely tunable band-gap with varying layer numbers, yet the thickness-dependent transporting properties have been rarely studied. We have systematically studied the electronic structures, phonon and charge transport properties, and thermoelectric properties of few-layered (from 1L to 4L) and bulk PdSe2 by first-principles calculations and Boltzmann transport theory. As the thickness increases, the energy levels of band edges relative to 4s of selenium move oppositely due to their different bonding states, leading to the power-law decrease of the band-gap. Meanwhile, the electron effective mass decreases rapidly while the hole effective mass increases significantly compared with those unperturbed. Calculations on elastic constants reveal that both bulk and few-layered PdSe2 are mechanically stable, and the bulk is ductile with a Poisson's ratio of 0.27. The shifts of Raman active modes with respect to the thickness as well as their Gruneisen parameters are analyzed and the underlying physics is discussed. At room temperature, the thermal conductivities of the bulk are 7.7, 10.1 and 0.9 W m−1 K−1 along the a, b and c axes, respectively. It is found that the low-frequency modes (

So far, layered PdSe

Multi-main-phase (MM0.3Nd0.7)-Fe-B (MM = Misch Metal) magnets were prepared by sintering the mixture of Nd-Fe-B and MM-Fe-B powders. In order to further enhance the coercivity of the magnet, Nd8Cu2 eutectic alloy powders were added to the magnets as a variable. When the addition of the Nd8Cu2 powders increases from 0 to 5 wt%, the Hcj of the magnets increases by 56.8% (7.01–10.99 kOe). Microstructural investigations show that after the addition of 5 wt% Nd8Cu2 powders, the thickness of continuous grain boundary layers are over 2.1 nm, which effectively block the short-range exchange coupling between adjacent grains, contributing to the improvement of Hcj. The Selected Area Electron Diffraction images show that the Cu exists in the form of NdCu2 in the grain boundary layers.

In analogy to transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers, which have wide applications in photoelectricity, piezoelectricity and thermoelectricity, Janus MoSSe monolayer has been successfully synthesized by substituting the top S atomic layer in MoS 2 by Se atoms. In this work, Janus monolayer ZrSSe is proposed by ab initio calculations. For the electron part, the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) plus spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is used as exchange-correlation potential, while GGA for lattice part. Calculated results show that the ZrSSe monolayer is dynamically, mechanically and thermally stable, which exhibits mechanical flexibility due to small Young’s modulus. It is found that ZrSSe monolayer is an indirect-gap semiconductor with band gap of 0.60 eV. The electronic and phonon transports of ZrSSe monolayer are investigated by semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory. In n-type doping, the ZT e between ZrSSe and ZrS 2 monolayers is almost the same due to similar outlines of conduction bands. The p-type ZT e of ZrSSe monolayer is lower than that of ZrS 2 monolayer, which is due to larger spin-orbit splitting for ZrSSe than ZrS 2 monolayer. The room-temperature sheet thermal conductance is 33.6 W K - 1 for ZrSSe monolayer, which is lower than 47.8 W K - 1 of ZrS 2 monolayer. Compared to ZrS 2 monolayer, the low sheet thermal conductance of ZrSSe monolayer is mainly due to small group velocities and short phonon lifetimes of ZA mode. Considering their ZT e and lattice thermal conductivities, the ZrSSe monolayer may have better n-type thermoelectric performance than ZrS 2 monolayer. These results can stimulate further experimental works to synthesize ZrSSe monolayer.

Background:Diagnosing diabetic nephropathy is important to prevent long-term kidney damage and determine the prognosis of patients with diabetes. Since some kidney injury biomarkers increase in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy, this study investigated the clinical significance of combined detection of urine orosomucoid and retinol-binding protein for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.Methods:We included 72 patients with type 2 diabetes and 34 healthy persons between August 2016 and July 2018 at our hospital. Using the Mogensen grading criteria, participants were classified as having diabetes or diabetic nephropathy, and healthy persons constituted the control group. Urine orosomucoid and retinol-binding protein levels were measured and correlated with other variables.Results:Increase in renal damage raised urinary orosomucoid levels gradually (PConclusion:The increase in urine orosomucoid and retinol-binding protein levels can be detected in the early stages of type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, both markers are important for diabetic nephropathy detection and early treatment.

The effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the resistance levels to quinclorac and endogenous hormone levels were examined using the resistant and sensitive biotypes of barnyardgrass with the same genetic background. The results showed that exogenous MeJA could significantly increase the resistance of resistant plants to quinclorac, but did not affect the resistance of sensitive plants. There were significant differences in the contents of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA) among the tested materials. Quinclorac treatment could significantly increase the contents of ABA, SA, and JA in barnyardgrass, with stronger increase of ABA and JA contents in the sensitive plants. Exogenous MeJA could significantly enhance the induction of ABA and JA contents by quinclorac, especially in the sensitive biotypes. These results showed that rapid hormone variations in sensitive plants inhibited their response to herbicide, while gentle hormone variations endowed resistant plants with a strong adapta-bility to herbicide, which closely related to the enhanced resistance by MeJA. ABA and JA hormone signals might play an important role in the resistance of barnyardgrass to quinclorac stress.以遗传背景一致的抗二氯喹啉酸型和敏感型稗草为供试材料,分析了经外源茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)预处理后,稗草种群间应对二氯喹啉酸胁迫的抗性水平及4种内源激素含量的变化。结果表明: 外源MeJA处理可显著提高抗性稗草对二氯喹啉酸的抗性,而对敏感稗草的抗性影响不显著。供试稗草间植株体内生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)的含量及其变化幅度存在显著差异。二氯喹啉酸处理显著增加了稗草ABA、SA和JA的含量,且敏感稗草ABA和JA含量升高幅度明显高于抗性稗草;外源MeJA预处理能显著增强二氯喹啉酸对稗草ABA和JA含量的诱导,且敏感稗草变化幅度较大。表明敏感稗草较快的激素变化不利于其应对除草剂胁迫,抗性稗草相对平缓的激素变化赋予了其对除草剂的适应性,且MeJA处理增强了其对二氯喹啉酸的抗性。稗草植株体内ABA和JA激素信号在其抵抗二氯喹啉酸胁迫过程中可能发挥重要的生物学功能。.

Recently, monoclinic-phase GaTe has attracted much attention due to its potential applications in nanoelectronics. Despite the experimental research, theoretical studies on the thermal and transport properties, which are necessary to provide information for future applications, are still absent. We have systematically investigated the electronic, phonon and electron transporting, and thermoelectric properties of monolayer and bulk GaTe using first-principles calculations plus the Boltzmann transport equation. At the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum, the effective mass shows large anisotropy as the band dispersions are along different k-paths. The group velocity of acoustic modes also shows large anisotropy owing to the in-plane low-symmetry. Our calculations reveal that the in-plane thermal conductivities, κa and κb, take 3.5 and 8.9 W m-1 K-1, respectively, for the bulk at 300 K, compared to κa = 5.5 and κb = 10.4 W m-1 K-1 of the monolayer. Due to the van der Waals interactions between interlayers, the out-of-plane thermal conductivity is very small, κc = 1.8 W m-1 K-1. The difference between the in-plane thermal conductivities of the bulk and the monolayer can be attributed to the strengthened Umklapp scattering, which is caused by the stiffening of the lowest-frequency optical mode in the bulk. The hole mobilities of the bulk is found to be about 12-35 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 300 K, in good agreement with the experimental results. The monolayer is found to have smaller mobility but larger anisotropy than those of the bulk. Interestingly, the out-of-plane conductivity is anomalously larger than the in-plane one for the bulk, which is attributed to the orbital overlaps between the interlayer Te atoms. Moreover, n-type GaTe is found to have much larger mobility and anisotropy than the p-type one, which is useful for future applications. Compared with the case of monolayer GaTe, thermoelectric performance can be enhanced by one order of magnitude for the bulk GaTe by exploiting the out-of-plane thermal and electrical conductivities.

To compare the effects and safety of using microwave ablation (MWA) and surgical resection for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) under ultrasonic guidance and investigate the effects of this treatment on stress response. Patients with BTNs were divided into the MWA and operation groups (72 cases each). Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and hydrostatic visual analog scale (VAS) prior to the operation, at 6 h, 24 h, and 72 h post-operation were compared between the two groups. Operation times, hospitalization times, hospitalization expenses, and postoperative complications in the two groups were also compared. All patients underwent routine ultrasound and thyroid function testing at 3 and 6 months post-operation for assessment of nodule changes and thyroid hormone levels. Compared to the MWA group, the operation group had longer average operation times, longer hospital stays, a higher rate of neck pain after surgery, and a higher rate of fever (P

In order to explore Si-related spintronic materials, we use a full-potential density-functional-theory method to study electronic structure and magnetic properties of EuFe 2 Si 2 with the layered ThCr 2 Si 2 structure. Our comparative optimization investigation among 25 magnetic configurations reveals that its ground state phase is a ferrimagnet, in which the spins in both of Eu and Fe layers are aligned ferromagnetically, but the Eu spins are aligned antiferromagnetically with the Fe spins. This is very different from the striped antiferromagnetic ground state for the Fe spins in FeAs-based materials. The filled Eu 4f bands in the majority-spin channel, very flat, are just below the Fermi level and the Fe 3d bands cover an energy range of 4 eV astride the Fermi level. The Eu atom is ionic and contributes a moment of nearly 7 μ B , and Fe is bonded strongly with Si, which results in a low-moment state for Fe. Our results are of interest to explore the physical properties of the Fe-based materials, and can stimulate further effort to seek useful Si-related spintronic materials.

We have investigated the spin and orbital moments of Ir-based double perovskites with 5 d n (n = 3, 4, 5) states by local spin-density approximation with spin-orbital coupling and Hubbard correlation (LSDA+SOC+U). Our calculations reveal that the ratio of orbital to spin momentum L z / S z approaches to certain values for the double perovskites with different 5dn (n = 3, 4, 5) shell fillings. Based on d orbits, a spin-orbital coupling model with exchange splitting is proposed and it can well describe the ratio of angular momentums for the compounds. Our model calculations reveal that L z / S z is determined by the exchange splitting, spin-orbital coupling as well as the state of shell filling. Our model is well corroborated by the experiments and density-functional calculations.

AIM:To explore the therapeutic effect and safety evaluation of Qiming Granule on non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR). METHODS: Totally 94 cases(120 eyes)of NPDR patients treated in endocrinology department of our hospital from January 2016 to November 2017 were selected and randomly divided into the control group(n=47, 60 eyes)and the experimental group(n=47, 60 eyes). The control group was treated with calcium dobesilate, and the experimental group was treated with Qiming granule. The clinical efficacy, central macular thickness, retinal circulation time, best corrected visual acuity and adverse reactions between two groups were evaluated and compared after 6-month treatment. RESULTS: Before treatment, there were no significant difference in central macular thickness, retinal circulation time, and best corrected visual acuity between two groups(P>0.05). After treatment, comparing with the control group, the retinal circulation time were not significantly different, the improvement of macular edema and the recovery of visual acuity were significantly better in the experimental group. The total effective rate of the experimental group was 97%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group(57%), and the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly decreased. The difference was statistically significant(PCONCLUSION: The therapeutic effect of Qiming Granule on NPDR is better than that of calcium dobesilate. Qiming Granule can improve visual acuity, macular edema, the retinal circulation time with less adverse reactions.

(Nd,Pr)-Fe-B powders were mixed with Tb13Fe81B6 powders to prepare sintered (Nd,Pr,Tb)-Fe-B magnetic materials. A little amount addition of Tb13Fe81B6 powders leads to a faster increase of coercivity, and the coercivity increases from 14.95 kOe to 18.93 kOe at the mass ratio 9.7:0.3 of (Nd,Pr)-Fe-B and Tb13Fe81B6. For the mass ratio of Tb13Fe81B6 more than 0.3 the coercivity increases nearly linearly. Both the remanence and the maximum energy product decrease slightly for a little amount addition of Tb13Fe81B6. The investigation by energy dispersive spectrometer shows that though there are dual main phases in the sintered magnets, the chemical compositions of main phase are much different from those of the master alloys due to the atomic diffusion. It is expected to improve the coercivity more largely by optimizing the element distribution in the sintered composite magnets.

The La0.67Ca0.20Sr0.13MnO3 nanoparticles and bulks were prepared by using sol-gel method (SGM) and spark plasma sintering (SPS), respectively. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicates each sample crystal in a single rhombohedral perovskite structure (space group $R\overline {3}c$ ). The Curie temperature is slightly improved and the phase transition is sharpened after processing with SPS. The enhancement of magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is also observed in the samples prepared by SPS. For a field change of 3 T, the maximum isothermal entropy change is improved by 32 and 117% when different sintering temperatures and sintering pressures are applied. The magnetic phase transition and MCE can be well described by the Landau theory. The present studies suggest that the perovskite bulks prepared by SPS could be useful for the application of magnetic refrigeration.

The Mesozoic granitoids in the Dabie Orogen are of particular geological interest as indicators for Mesozoic lithospheric evolution because of their close association with porphyry Mo mineralization. Here, we present a study using petrogeochemistry data to constrain the petrogenesis of the Xiaofan granites in the Dabie Mo mineralization belt (DMB), Henan Province, China. Field investigations show that the Xiaofan pluton mainly consists of porphyritic granite. The Xiaofan granites have high SiO2 contents of 74.29 wt%–76.07 wt% (average: 75.18 wt%), Al2O3 contents of 11.66 wt%–12.83 wt% (average: 12.13 wt%), and K2O contents of 5.37 wt%–7.90 wt% (average: 6.86 wt%) and low MgO (0.06 wt%–0.16 wt%), TiO2 (0.09 wt%–0.10 wt%), and P2O5 (0.047 wt%–0.103 wt%) contents. They are enriched in Rb, U, K and Hf but depleted in Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr and Ti. By geochemical and mineralogical features, we propose that the Xiaofan granites belong to A-type type granite and dominantly sourced from the crust. The granites from the Xiaofan Mo deposit may have formed in a post-collision extensional setting.

In this paper, the Rare-earth Iron Boron (RE-Fe-B) magnets were fabricated successfully by using the double main phase method through mixing the Neodymium Iron Boron (Nd-Fe-B) powders and Misch-metal Iron Boron (MM-Fe-B) powders with different ratio. Aiming at the nanocrystalline RE2Fe14B magnets prepared by using spark plasma sintering technology, phase structure and magnetic properties were investigated. It is found that the Misch-metal (MM) alloys promote the domain nucleation during the the process of magnetization reversal and then damage the coercivity (Hcj) of isotropic RE2Fe14B magnets, while the Hcj could still remain more than 1114.08 kA/m when the mass proportion of MM (simplified as: “a”) is 30%. Curie temperature and phase structure were also researched. Two kinds of mixed-solid-solution (MSS) main phases with different Lanthanum (La) and Cerium (Ce) content were believed to be responsible for the two curie temperature of the RE2Fe14B magnets with “a” ≥20%. This is resulted from the inhomogeneous elemental distribution of RE2Fe14B phase.

Recently, SnSe of orthorhombic phase has attracted much attention due to its excellent performance in thermoelectricity, yet the thickness-dependent thermoelectric properties were poorly studied. We have investigated the thermoelectric transporting properties of few-layered (from 1 L to 4 L) and bulk SnSe by using density functional theory plus Boltzmann transport theory. We employed the electron-phonon Wannier method to obtain the accurate transporting parameters, i.e., carrier mobility as well as relaxation time, in contrast to those derived from deformation potential theory. Our results reveal that the band gap decreases from 0.91 eV (1 L) to 0.59 eV (bulk) as the thickness increases, and meanwhile the effective charge mass increases slightly. As bulk SnSe is thinned to the monolayer, the high frequency modes are stiffened while the low frequency modes are softened, and meanwhile the acoustic velocities become larger. At 300 K, the thermal conductivity of bulk SnSe takes 1.52, 0.80 and 0.41 W m−1 K−1 for κa, κb and κc respectively, in good agreement with the experimental values. Thermal conductivity of few-layered SnSe decreases slightly from 2.45 to 1.61 W m−1 K−1 for κa, and from 1.81 to 1.02 W m−1 K−1 for κb as the layer number increases from 1 L to 4 L. The EPW calculations reveal that the electron mobility of n-type films increases rapidly from 24.4 cm2/V s (1 L) to 179.6 cm2/V s (4 L) and the hole mobility of p-type films increases from 47.2 cm2/V s (1 L) to 1211.1 cm2/V s (4 L) at 300 K as the thickness increases. Compared with the monolayer, thicker film of SnSe has larger carrier mobility as well as lower thermal conductivity, which leads to better thermoelectric performance. At 700 K, the figure of merit is enhanced from 0.22 (1 L) to 0.58 (4 L) for n-type films in electron density of −0.55 × 1013/cm2. Our research casts some light on the future thermoelectric applications based on few-layered SnSe.

Aims/Introduction Recent studies suggest that chronic inflammatory responses are important in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Various inflammatory and angiogenesis molecules affect the pathogenesis and progression of DN. Inflammation damages the microcirculation and causes kidney damage. In the present study, we studied changes in interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and soluble tumor necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) levels in patients with DN, and investigated the clinical significance of these two inflammatory factors. Materials and Methods Participants were categorized into healthy controls (n = 30) and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 124). The type 2 diabetes mellitus group was further subdivided into the normoalbuminuria (n = 34), microalbuminuria (MAU ; n = 46,) and proteinuria (MaAU; n = 44,) groups. Patients with DN were included in the MAU and MaAU groups. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, 2‐h postprandial blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, 24‐h urine microalbumin, IL‐8 and sTWEAK levels were measured. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with proteinuria. Results In the healthy controls, normoalbuminuria, MAU and MaAU groups, we found that IL‐8 levels increased, whereas sTWEAK levels decreased (P

In the current era of urbanization and industrialization, water pollution and energy generation are the main concerns in the climate change context. Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) utilize biodegradable carbon compounds in organic waste to produce an electric current.MFC technology provides sustainable solutions for renewable power systems and energy-efficient wastewater treatment for distributed electricity systems. However, in wastewater treatment, generating usable energy from the MFC remains a significant challenge for the system scale and implementation. Hence, in this paper, the Optimized Hybridized Mathematical Model (OHMM) has been proposed for wastewater treatment and energy generation using microbial fuel batteries. Furthermore, statistical analysis has a role in synthesizing knowledge of fuel cells, defining and limiting factors in electricity production. The findings show that the proposed OHMM method, Sensitivity Analysis, Uncertainty Analysis, and Accuracy reduces energy consumption and cost function compared to other existing methods. With more miniature steam, it reduces the amount of harmful smoke that power plants emit, preserves the natural resources of a planet, and protects habitats against destruction. They will lead to a healthier and happier world by taking action to reduce the battery.

The potential of bioH 2 production using waste bread via a two-stage process was examined. In the first stage, the waste bread was utilized by Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus oryzae through solid state fermentation to generate glucoamylase and protease which were then utilized to hydrolyze the waste bread to produce the waste bread hydrolysate. The highest starch conversion of 96.6% and glucose yield of 0.521 g glucose/g waste bread were achieved within 24 h. In the second stage, the waste bread hydrolysate was utilized for bioH 2 production by Biohydrogenbacterium R3. The maximum H 2 yield of 103 mL H 2 /g waste bread could be obtained. The proposed two-stage bioprocess, which was able to increase the nutrient conversion efficiency and H 2 production from organic solid wastes, should be a promising way for bioH 2 production in industrial application.

The magnetic properties and phase composition of magnets based on misch-metal (MM) with nominal composition of MM 13+x Fe 84−x B 6.5 with x = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 using melt-spinning method were investigated. For x = 1.5, it could exhibit best magnetic properties ( H cj = 753.02 kA m −1 , ( BH ) max = 70.77 kJ m −3 ). X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy show that the multi hard magnetic phase of RE 2 Fe 14 B (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd) existed in the magnets. The domain wall pinning effect and the exchange coupling interaction between grains are dependent on the abnormal RE-rich phase composition. Optimizing the phase constitution is necessary to improve magnetic properties in MM-Fe-B magnets for utilizing the rare earth resource in a balanced manner.

(Ce,Nd)-Fe-B sintered magnets were prepared by the addition of NdHx powders in Ce9Nd4.5Fe80B6.5 powders. The coercivity is rather low in Ce9Nd4.5Fe80B6.5 magnets, and Ce element prefers to distribute at the outer-layer of main phase (Ce,Nd)2Fe14B. The investigation of scanning electron microscope shows that the addition of NdHx powders leads to the increase of Nd content at grain outer-layer of main phase owing to the element diffusion. Magnetization reversal undergoes the nucleation of reversed domain wall at grain outer-later, and the addition of NdHx powders leads to the increase in the nucleation field of reversed domain, giving rise to the significant improvement of coercivity. The larger amount addition of NdHx powders leads to the increase in the amount of intergranular phase, resulting in the decreases of the remanence, the squareness of demagnetization curve and the maximum energy product.

BACKGROUND Despite increasing knowledge of allelopathic rice interference with barnyardgrass, relatively little is known about its action on herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass. The incidence of herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass is escalating in paddy fields. It is warranted to understand interference of allelopathic rice with herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass and potential mechanisms. RESULTS Penoxsulam-resistant and -susceptible barnyardgrass biotypes were identified and segregated from a putative penoxsulam-resistant population occurring in China paddy fields. Allelopathic rice inhibited the growth of barnyardgrass roots more than shoots regardless of biotypes. In particular, there was a stronger inhibition for resistant barnyardgrass than for susceptible barnyardgrass. Allelopathic rice significantly reduced total root length, total root area, maximum root amplitude and maximum root depth of barnyardgrass. Furthermore, rice allelochemicals tricin and momilactone B inhibited the growth of both resistant and susceptible barnyardgrass. Compared with root contact, root segregation significantly increased inhibition of barnyardgrass with an increase in rice allelochemicals. The root exudates from barnyardgrass induced the production of rice allelochemicals, but the effect of susceptible barnyardgrass was much stronger than that of resistant barnyardgrass. CONCLUSION Allelopathic rice can interfere with the growth of penoxsulam-resistant barnyardgrass through allelochemical-mediated root interactions. This kind of allelopathic interference may provide a non-herbicidal alternative for herbicide-resistant weed management in paddy systems.

Objective: To study the effect of minimally invasive evacuation of hematoma combined with Xingnaojing therapy on neurological function damage and cytokine level in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. Methods: A total of 80 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage treated in our hospital between June 2010 and September 2015 were selected as the research subjects, the treatment methods and test results were reviewed, and then they were divided into the control group (n=45) who accepted minimally invasive evacuation of hematoma alone and the observation group (n=35) who accepted minimally invasive evacuation of hematoma combined with Xingnaojing therapy. Before and after treatment, cerebral blood flow detector was used to detect cerebral blood flow parameters; ELISA method was used to detect serum levels of neurological function indexes and inflammatory cytokines; high performance liquid chromatograph was used to detect serum neurotransmitter levels. Results: Before treatment, the differences in cerebral blood flow parameters, neurological function indexes, inflammatory cytokines and neurotransmitters were not statistically significant between two groups of patients. After treatment, cerebral blood flow parameters Q and V levels of observation group were higher than those of control group while R level was lower than that of control group; serum NSE, NPY, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, Glu and Asp contents of observation group were lower than those of control group while BDNF and Gly contents were higher than those of control group. Conclusion: Minimally invasive evacuation of hematoma combined with Xingnaojing therapy can improve the neurological function and regulate the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and neurotransmitters in patients with hypertension cerebral hemorrhage.

The Dabie Orogen is a world-class case for large amounts of Mo mineralization in that it contains at least 10 porphyry Mo deposits with Mo metal reserves over 3 Mt from the time period of 156–110 Ma. However, the principal mechanism for the Mo mineralization remains controversial due to the lack of a precise definition of its source and shallow ore-forming process, which is essential to understand these rare large Mo deposits. Detailed geochronology, geochemistry, and isotopic data for ore-related granites and minerals were analyzed in order to place constraints on the massive Mo mineralization in the Dabie Orogen in eastern China. The Yaochong molybdenum orebodies were hosted in the transition belt and alteration zone between the granitic stocks and the Dabie Complex and were characterized as numerous veinlets with potassic, phyllic and propylitic alterations. The buried Yaochong granitic intrusions and associated molybdenum mineralization yield Early Cretaceous ages of magmatic activities at ca. 138 Ma and extremely similar Re–Os isotope ages for the corresponding Mo metallogenic event at ca. 137 Ma. The Yaochong monzogranite and granite porphyry belong to the highly fractionated I-type granites, which are believed to be derived from the dominantly Yangtze's lower crust mixed with the Northern Dabie Complex due to their geochemical and isotope features. The elemental diversity and isotopic homogeneity suggest that the formation of the Yaochong monzogranite involved the fractionation of biotite, garnet and minor feldspar and accessory minerals combined with a weak crustal assimilation process. In contrast, the granite porphyry was possibly generated by the partial melting of the same mixed lower continental crust via the differentiation process involving the fractionation of feldspar, apatite, and/or titanite. Fractional crystallization processes can significantly elevate the molybdenum concentration in the residual melts. The biotite fractional crystallization results in removal of molybdenum from the vestigial magma since molybdenum is compatible with it, which may account for the barren monzogranite with a low-grade molybdenum mineralization. The ore-bearing granite porphyry has more source materials from the Yangtze's lower crust, which may have contributed most of the molybdenum for the porphyry-related molybdenum deposits in the Dabie metallogenic zone. This porphyry molybdenum aggregation may have been deposited in a post-collision or intracontinental extensional setting.

The Yaochong Mo deposit in Henan Province is located in the Dabie orogen, and its orebodies primarily occur as numerous veinlets hosted in the contact zone of the Yaochong stock with the Dabie Complex. Based on vein crosscutting relationships, mineral assemblages, and paragenetic sequence, the mineralization is divided into four stages: a quartz–K-feldspar–magnetite–hematite stage, a quartz–K-feldspar–molybdenite stage, a quartz–polymetallic sulfide mineral stage, and a quartz–carbonate stage. Three types of fluid inclusions have been recognized in the quartz: CO 2 -bearing fluid inclusions, H 2 O-rich fluid inclusions, and solid-bearing fluid inclusions. Microthermometric analyses of the fluid inclusions suggest that the fluids evolved gradually during the ore-forming process. In stages 1, 2, 3, and 4, the homogenization temperatures varied in the ranges 264–400 °C, 175–487 °C, 171–433 °C, and 119–172 °C, respectively, and the salinities varied in the ranges 4.34–7.70 wt% NaCl equiv , 2.77–32.49 wt% NaCl equiv , 2.20–30.70 wt% NaCl equiv , and 1.06–7.73 wt% NaCl equiv , respectively. The calculated δ 18 O H2O values of stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 ranged from 2.2‰ to 3.9‰, 0.9‰ to 1.7‰, −0.8‰ to −0.1‰, and −1.3‰ to 0.6‰, respectively, and the δ 18 D values varied from −68‰ to −62‰, −73‰ to −64‰, −75‰ to −65‰, and −68‰ to −65‰, respectively. These results show that the ore-forming fluids of the Yaochong molybdenum deposit were mainly derived from magmatic water, which likely included a small component of meteoric water. The δ 34 S values of pyrite and molybdenite varied from −2.9‰ to −1.8‰, and −2.7‰ to −1.6‰, respectively, and the 206 Pb/ 204 Pb, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb, and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb values of the sulfide minerals ranged from 16.193 to 16.818, 15.105 to 15.288, and 36.698 to 37.307, respectively. The sulfur and lead isotope compositions indicated that the ore-forming constituents were derived from a deep igneous source originating in the lower crust. The Yaochong porphyry Mo deposit may have formed in a post-collision extensional setting. The Mo mineralization in the Yaochong deposit occurred at depths of 0.87–1.68 km, and phase separation and immiscibility of the ore-forming fluids were critical for the formation of the deposit.

The magnetic properties and microstructure of sintered R–Fe–B (R, rare earth) magnets with nominal composition of ((PrNd)1−x MM x )30FebalB1 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.7; MM, misch metal) prepared using dual-alloy method were investigated. For x = 0.3, the maximum energy product ((BH)max) of the sintered magnet is higher than 318.4 kJ·m−3, but intrinsic coercivity (H cj) is lower than 351.8 kA·m−1. The La and Ce contents are obviously different in some matrix-phase grains, which proves that the multi-hard magnetic phases (La, Ce-rich and La, Ce-lean) exist in the magnets. The coercivity is improved by the method of doping PrNd nanoparticles without sacrificing other magnetic properties. An enhancement in coercivity from 517.2 to 872.9 kA·m−1 is achieved by doping 5 wt% PrNd nanoparticles. Meanwhile, it could exhibit better magnetic properties (remanence B r = 1.332 T, intrinsic coercivity H cj = 872.9 kA·m−1, maximum energy product (BH)max = 318.6 kJ·m−3) and make the distribution of the intergranular phase become more homogeneous.

To investigate the effect of Tongli Shuji acupuncture on the behavioristics, the percentage of cerebral infarct volume, and the expression of Jagged2 and Notch2 proteins in the hippocampus of the ischemic hemisphere in rats with permanent ischemia of the right middle cerebral artery, as well as the mechanism of Tongli Shuji acupuncture in improving ischemic cerebrovascular disease.Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model control group, medication group, routine acupuncture group, and Tongli Shuji group, with 10 rats in each group. The suture method was used to establish a model of permanent ischemia of the right middle cerebral artery. The rats in the medication group were given Citicoline (0.4 mg/kg) by gavage, those in the routine acupuncture group were given acupuncture at"Baihui"(GV20) and"Dazhui" (GV14) 15 minutes per day, and those in the Tongli Shuji group were given acupuncture at "Zhengying "(GB17), "Tianjing"(SJ10), and"Huantiao"(GB30) at the left side. The neurological deficit score was determined on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after surgery, the percentage of cerebral infarct volume was measured after treatment, and Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of Jagged2 and Notch2 in the right hippocampal tissue.Compared with the sham-operation group, the model control group had significant increases in the neurological deficit score on day 1 after surgery (Acupuncture can improve the behavioral manifestations of neurological deficit in rats with permanent ischemia of the right middle cerebral artery. Tongli Shuji acupuncture can significantly up-regulate the protein expression of Jagged2 and Notch2 in the hippocampal tissue of the ischemic region, possibly by activating the Notch signaling pathway to exert a neuroprotective effect.