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This paper proposes a theoretical framework based on new household economic theories. A dataset from the 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) is used. Given heterogeneity in major family members' jobs, the effect of non-labor income on household time allocation is discussed under two scenarios: jobs with flexible work hours and jobs with fixed work hours in the market. Based on the nature of the employer the major family member works for, employers can be categorized into four categories: government-owned, family contract, privately-owned, and foreign-funded. Each of the four categories is used for dissecting the data into different sets for analysis by category. The results imply that job heterogeneity is significantly correlated to household time allocation. An increase in non-labor income results in a decrease in the time allocated to housework for all households. However, leisure time is allocated differently among different households due to job heterogeneity. An increase in non-labor income leads to less leisure time for households working for government-owned or foreign-funded enterprises, and more leisure time for households working for family contract or privately-owned enterprises.

The massive rural-to-urban migration, which tends to occur more frequently in family units, has caused increasing children to follow their migrant parents to cities. The surges of migrant children relocating to cities trigger a strong demand for compulsory education for migrant children in migrant inflow cities and raise challenges for capacity of urban educational resources. This study discovers that China suffers from a severely unequal distribution of educational resources across different regions as well as a significant imbalance between supply and demand of education. The allocation of educational resources is subject to the capacity of education supply. Based on a review of the population distribution and the trend of recent migration in China, an analysis is conducted to simulate migrant children’s migration behavior. The analysis results imply that the flow of the demand for education caused by the migrant children benefits the maintenance of an equitable education system. It is recommended that regional supplemental education solutions be identified in migrant outflow regions. It is encouraged that migrant outflow regions make more effort to accommodate migrant children. More specifically, it is encouraged to make more flexible and customized distribution of educational resources so that an allocation mechanism suitable for the massive rural-to-urban migration can be established.