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A label-free electrochemical immunosensor has advantages of real-time and rapid detection, but it is weak in detection of small molecular toxins such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The greatest obstacle to achieving this is that small molecules bound to a common immunosensing interface cannot interfere with electron transfer effectively and the detection signal is so weak. Therefore, a sensitive electrochemical immunosensing interface for small molecules is urgently needed. Here, we employed functionalized black phosphorene (BP) as electrode modification materials and anti-AFB1 nanobody (Nb) as a biorecognition element to construct a very sensitive immunosensing interface towards small molecular AFB1. The BP functionalized by carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH) via P–C bonding behaved with a satisfactory stability and good catalytic performance for the ferricyanide/ferrocyanide probe, while the small-sized Nb showed good compatibility with the functionalized BP and also had less influence on electron transfer than monoclonal antibody (mAb). Expectedly, the as-prepared immunosensing interface was very sensitive to AFB1 detection by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in a redox probe system. Under optimized conditions, a linear range from 1.0 pM to 5.0 nM and an ultralow detection limit of 0.27 pM were obtained. Additionally, the fabricated immunosensor exhibited satisfactory stability, specificity, and reproducibility. The strategy proposed here provides a more reliable reference for label-free sensing of small molecules in food samples.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate the expression of genes that are critical for various biological and pathological processes. Previous studies have reported that the expression of hsa_circ_0058092 is decreased in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM); however, the specific role of this circRNA in DM is unknown. In the present study, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were isolated and a decreased hsa_circ_0058092 expression was found under conditions of hyperglycemia (HG). The overexpression of hsa_circ_0058092 protected the EPCs against HG-induced damage by preserving cell survival, proliferation, migration and angiogenic differentiation. The overexpression of hsa_circ_0058092 also decreased the HG-induced increase in NADPH-oxidase proteins and inflammatory cytokines. Further investigation revealed that the overexpression of hsa_circ_0058092 enhanced FOXO3 expression, which was mediated through the interaction with miR-217. Furthermore, the upregulation of miR-217 or the downregulation of FOXO3 abolished the protective effects of hsa_circ_0058092 against HG-induced EPC damage. On the whole, these data suggest that hsa_circ_0058092 acts via the miR-217/FOXO3 pathway to protect against EPCs HG-induced damage, and to preserve the migration and angiogenesis of EPCs.

Mercury injection test shows that wallpaper is a porous building material with a complex fractal mass transfer channel. Therefore, fractional Fick's law is employed to investigate sub-diffusion of 2,2,4 trimethy1-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB) from wallpaper. In view of the fact that a small amount of TXIB has been released from the wallpaper before the environmental chamber experiment, the non-uniform initial concentration is introduced. Based on fractional Fick's law, both fractional convective mass transfer equation and fractional mass balance equation have been firstly proposed. Combining the finite difference method and L1 algorithm, the fractional diffusion model is solved numerically. Numerical simulation results show that the present model matches well with the experimental data. Compared with the previous model based on Fick's law, the present model is in better agreement with experimental data of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) released from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) flooring. The influence of key parameters on the concentration of TXIB is analyzed graphically. In addition, the absorption amount and absorption rate of TXIB on the environmental bulkhead are numerically simulated for the first time.

The WHO estimates that, with the development of urbanization, 25% of the population is suffering from psychological and mental distress. Preliminary evidence has suggested that aquatic environments and riparian areas, i.e., waterscapes, can benefit psychological and mental wellbeing. The aim of this study was to identify the processes of waterscape psychological and mental health promotion through aliterature review. We propose a design framework of waterscapes for achieving psychological and mental health in the general population that often visits waterscapes, which has the function of therapeutic landscapes through values of accessibility, versatility, habitats, and biodiversity. According to theories, waterscapes can improve psychological and mental health to divert negative emotions through mitigation (e.g., reduced urban heat island), instoration (e.g., physical activity and state of nature connectedness), and restoration (e.g., reduced anxiety/attentional fatigue). By accessing water (e.g., streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands, and the coast) and riparian areas, people can get in close contact with nature and spend more time in activities (e.g., walking, exploring, talking, and relaxing). Waterscapes with healing effects can enhance psychological resilience to promote people’s psychological and mental health. Future research should focus on ensuring an adequate supply of waterscapes and promoting the efficiency of waterscape ecosystem services on mental health. Moreover, fora deep understanding of the complexity of nature–human health associations, it is necessary to explore more consistent evidence for therapeutic waterscapes considering the characteristics and functional mechanisms of waterscape quality, in terms of freshness, luminescence, rippling or fluidity, and cultural value, to benefit public health and biodiversity conservation.

A label-free electrochemical immunosensor has advantages of real-time and rapid detection, but it is weak in detection of small molecular toxins such as aflatoxin B

Background Circular RNAs are implicated in a variety of cancers. This investigation found that hsa_circ_0000291 expression was upregulated in gastric cancer (GC) cell lines, yet its role in GC has not yet been reported. Objective To explore the effects of hsa_circ_0000291 on GC cell proliferation and invasion. Materials and methods In the current research, we used the gastric cancer cell lines MGC803 and MKN-28 to study hsa_circ_0000291 function. The relationship between hsa_circ_0000291, miR-183 and ITGB1 was analyzed by firefly luciferase analysis and Western blots, and qRT-PCR approaches were used for protein and gene expression analysis, respectively. Tumor growth and metastasis were determined in nude mice xenografts using MKN-28 cells, with or without hsa_circ_000r0291 downregulation. Results Our data showed that hsa_circ_0000291 was upregulated in GC cell lines, whereas hsa_circ_0000291 silencing suppressed cell metastasis and proliferation in in vivo and in vitro studies. Our results showed that the downregulation of hsa_circ_0000291 suppressed integrin beta 1 (ITGB1) expression via miR-183 "sponging," which was validated by rescue experiments using the luciferase reporter assay. Our observations suggested that hsa_circ_0000291 silencing suppressed the aggressive, metastatic GC phenotype. Conclusion Taken together, hsa_circ_0000291 knockdown inhibited GC cell metastasis and growth by regulating the miR-183/ITGB1 axis. Importantly, this approach could provide a therapy target and potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.

The global spread of the COVID-19 has given severely challenge to the contemporary human settlement environment. Traditional villages, as an essential human settlement, which has been significant in contemporary life. This article takes the traditional village space in the Jiangnan region, China as an example to analyse the positive interaction between humans and nature, health, and space in its traditional design. This research points out that in the traditional village space, healthy human settlements have two levels: “material form” and “internal sprite”. In addition to focusing on the transformation, innovation, and application of the technology, designers should exceed the material level to seek non-material dialogue and integration, to explore the important role of inner spiritual art for healthy living. Finally, this research combine with the urban epidemic prevention function and pointed out that the symbiosis mechanism between urban and rural areas should be actively explored. The penetration and integration of urban and rural areas can better cure, and promote the sustainable protection, activation, utilization and innovation of traditional villages in the future.

Atherosclerosis is a disease resulting from impaired endothelial function, often caused by oxidant injury or inflammation. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a critical role in repairing damaged endothelium and protecting against atherosclerosis. Quercitrin, a plant-derived flavonoid compound, displays antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we showed that quercitrin treatment reduced the apoptosis of EPCs caused by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in a dose-dependent manner. Quercitrin improved tube formation, migration and adhesion of ox-LDL-treated EPCs. To determine the effect of quercitrin in vivo, EPCs treated with or without ox-LDL and quercitrin were locally injected into the ischemic hind limb muscle of nude mice. Those injected with EPCs treated with ox-LDL and quercitrin showed significantly increased local accumulation of EPCs, blood flow recovery and capillary density compared with the control and ox-LDL only groups. Furthermore, we showed that quercitrin enhanced autophagy and upregulated mitogen-activated protein kinase and ERK phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Autophagy inhibitors, chloroquine and 3-methyladenine, abrogated quercitrin-enhanced autophagy caused by ox-LDL as evidenced by decreased numbers of branch points, migratory cells and adherent cells, and increased numbers of apoptotic cells. The ERK inhibitor PD98059 abrogated quercitrin-enhanced autophagy, as identified by decreased autophagosome formation and downregulated ERK phosphorylation. The inhibition of ERK did not affect the expression of Rac1, but enhanced phosphorylation of Akt. Quercitrin treatment also increased the expression of E-cadherin, and PD98059 abrogated the upregulation of E-cadherin induced by quercitrin. Our findings suggested that autophagy is a protective mechanism in EPCs exposed to oxidative damage. Quercitrin can promote autophagy through the activation of ERK and the ERK signaling pathway is therefore thought to play a pivotal role in mediating the protective effects on EPCs.

To describe an innovative endovascular technique that successfully reconstructs a renal artery completely perfused by the false lumen after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR).A 65-year-old patient diagnosed with acute Stanford type B aortic dissection underwent successful TEVAR 4 years ago. Regular follow-up found that the thoracic aorta was well repaired, but the false lumen in the abdominal aorta had enlarged year by year. The left renal artery was supplied entirely by the false lumen, which caused kidney hypoperfusion. The abdominal aorta was successfully remodeled using endovascular aneurysm repair with reconstruction of the left renal artery using Viabahn stent-grafts inserted through the patent false lumen. At 6 months, computed tomography showed false lumen thrombosis and patent Viabahn stent-grafts in the false lumen.The false lumen reverse branch technique was feasible in our case, which provides a new idea for dealing with distal dissection involving the renovisceral arteries after TEVAR.

The double exponential decay model is proposed to simulate the total volatile organic compound emissions of indoor building materials. The simulation results are in better agreement with the experimental data than the classical model, and the release characteristic of volatile organic compounds is more accurately described.

Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) are mainly derived from indoor building materials and are one of the main causes of indoor air pollution. This paper presents a research on simulating the TVOC release of building materials in the environmental chamber. In this work, a simple and practical prediction model of exponential decay is established to study the transport and the emission behaviors under the effect of convective mass transfer theory. Based on this theory, the model considers the porous structure of indoor building materials and assumes that concentration of TVOC at the boundary of building material obeys exponential distribution. This paper focuses on two kinds of indoor building materials, interior wall coatings and wood coatings. Numerical simulation and experimental parameters are obtained by environmental chamber method. By modelling the emission of TVOCs, and comparing the present model with the classical model, the validity of the present model can be confirmed. Besides, from the results of the fitting, it can be seen that the new exponential decay predition model has a better agreement with the experimental data, and which can describe the release characteristics and transmissionmechanisms of TVOCs more accurately, and the root mean square error is much less than the classical model.

The purpose of this article is to simulate the TVOC release of building materials in the environment chamber. Based on the theory of mass transfer, a three-exponential decay empirical model is proposed. The validity of the model is verified by experimental data and comparison with the classical model. From the fitting results, the new model is more consistent with the experimental data.

Background/Aims: Integrin activation and lymphocyte migration to the vascular intima is a key event in early atherosclerosis. α4β7 integrin (LPAM-1) and its ligand, mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM-1) are known to play an important role in homing of activated lymphocytes to gut-associated lymphoid tissues. However, it is unclear whether α4β7 integrin is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Methods: The expressions of α4β7 integrin and its ligands in atherosclerosis plaques from 12 week high fat diet (HFD) fed ApoE-/- and C57BL/6 mice were examined using immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical assays, respectively. We also generated ApoE/β7 double deficient mice and compared atherosclerotic lesion development in β7+/+ApoE-/- and β7-/-ApoE-/- mice that were fed with HFD for 12 weeks. Results: We found an upregulation of α4β7 integrin and its ligands VCAM-1 and MAdCAM-1 at atherosclerosis plaques in Apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE-/-) mice fed with HFD for 12 weeks. Over the 12 week HFD period, peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) expression of α4β7 integrin increased in parallel with aortic lesion size. A removal of α4β7 integrin by genetic deletion of the β7 chain in the ApoE-/- mouse resulted in a markedly decreased 12 week-HFD atherosclerotic plaque area. β7-/- ApoE-/- macrophages showed reduced acetylated and native LDL uptake and phagocytic activity, revealing possible roles for α4β7 at two distinct stages of macrophage dysfunction during atherogenesis. Finally, a reduced activity of integrin downstream signalling components focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and MAPK/ERK1/2 in macrophage indicates their possible engagement during α4β7 integrin signalling in atherosclerosis. Conclusions: Together our results reveal a critical role of α4β7 in diet-induced atherosclerosis in mouse.

Presently, the rapid urbanization in contemporary cities in China has resulted in more buildings of low cultural value and high energy consumption. Many traditional Chinese villages exhibit special spaces that have been optimally adapted to the climatic and environmental features of the area using vernacular methods. The buildings in these villages can maintain the environment more sufficiently for the intended programs and consuming a lower level of resources. The construction technics and the artistic features in these spaces are invaluable and inspiring for contemporary architectural practices. This study aims to establish a pedigree of the artistic features exhibited in traditional Chinese villages to support sustainable development. This is to be achieved through thoroughly exploring the spatial design of these villages archived in a big-data resource. The pedigree integrates the dynamics (cultural changes over a certain period of time) and static (spatial features at a fixed time) of how the spaces in these villages have evolved. It is concluded that both a high level of sustainability and exceptional artistic quality have been achieved over a long history in many of these villages where traditional construction methods and design principals were employed.

To discuss the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of surgical management of post carotid artery stenting (CAS) restenosis, mainly focusing on the surgical options and indications.This study represented retrospective analysis of 3 kinds of surgical managements of 21 patients with symptomatic post CAS restenosis from April 2012 to April 2014. Patch carotid endarterectomy (pCEA), Eversion carotid endarterectomy (eCEA) or carotid excision and graft interposition (CEGI) was selected to remove the stent and reconstruct the blood flow, based on the preoperative imaging results and intraoperative adhesion degree. Use of carotid shunt, blood loss, operative time, carotid artery cross-clamp time and other data were recorded. Patients were followed for improvement of symptoms, complications and restenosis.Eleven, 4 and 6 patients received pCEA, eCEA or CEGI respectively. All the stents were successfully removed. Shunts were deployed in 14 cases. The mean bleeding was (152.6 ± 38.0) ml, the mean operation time was (100.7 ± 34.8) min and the mean carotid artery clamping time was (29.1 ± 4.6) min. In the early postoperative period, there were no infection, strokes, cranial nerve injury, myocardial infarction or mortalities. One patient developed neck hematoma, while 2 patients had the symptoms of hyperperfusion such as headache, irritability and multi-lingual but no intracranial hemorrhage happened according to the brain CT scan, who all fully recovered within 3 days. Within a median follow-up of (13.2 ± 4.3) months, no strokes, myocardial infarctions or recurrent restenosis (50%) on duplex ultrasound imaging or CTA was discovered except for 1 patient who died of lung cancer.Surgical management to remove the stent and reconstruct the blood flow, which offered new options in the treatment of post CAS restenosis, with its initially confirmed simplicity, feasibility, safety and validity.

To evaluate the clinical outcomes of unibody bifurcated stent-graft in endovascular repair (EVAR).Retrospective analyses were conducted for the clinical data and postoperative follow-up results of 125 patients (102 cases from Shanghai Changhai Hospital and another 23 from Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) undergoing EVAR with unibody bifurcated stent-graft from January 2008 to January 2013.The technical success rate was 100%. Perioperative complications including type I endoleak (n = 3, 2.4%) and type II endoleak (n = 4, 3.2%). The incidence of type I endoleak in challenging neck cases was higher than non-challenging ones. And the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Except for 1 dead case, the remainder was followed up for a mean of 26.4 ± 1.5 (1-60) months. Neither aneurysm rupture nor stent-graft migration occurred. Late type I endoleak occurred (n = 2, 1.6%). There were left lower extremity arterial thrombosis (n = 1, 0.8%) and surgical reintervention (n = 1, 0.8%). Among 3 dead cases, 2 died from acute myocardial infarction and another 1 contrast-induced nephropathy.Unibody bifurcated stent-graft is both safe and efficacious in the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm without the risk of long-term migration. Moreover, it has excellent outcomes for hostile neck or narrow abdominal aortic bifurcation.

This paper aims to evaluate the clinical applyment of "Anatomical fixation" and its long-term efficacy .Retrospective analysis of clinical data and postoperative follow-up results of 125 patients undogoing EVAR using "anatomical fixation" enrolled in Shanghai Changhai hospital and Shanghai Changzheng hospital from January 2008 to January 2013.The technical success rate was 100%, Perioperative complications including Type I endoleak occurred in 3 patients (2.4%), 4 cases of type II endoleak (3.2%). Incidence of Type I endoleak in challenging neck cases was high than non- challenging neck cases, the difference was statistically significant (P0.001). After 30 days and through current follow-up of 124 successful cases(mean:26.4 ± 1.5 months, range 1-60 months). No rupture of the aneurysm and stent graft migrations occurred. Secondary type I endoleak in 2 cases (1.6%), Two cases of secondary type II endoleak (1.6%). Left lower extremity arterial thrombosis in 1 case (0.8%), and secondary surgical intervention in 1 case (0.8%). Three cases of deaths in cumulative, 2 patients died died of acute myocardial infarction. At 3 months, a patient died of the contrast-induced nephropathy, renal failure.The clinical applyment of "Anatomical fixation" enriched the theory of EVAR, completely solved the complication of incidence of stent-graft migration, greatly improve the repair rate of hostile neck cases, expand the indications for EVAR.

Nanoporous calcium silicate (n-CS) with high surface area was synthesized using the mixed surfactants of EO20PO70EO20(polyethylene oxide)20(polypropylene oxide)70(polyethylene oxide)20, P123) and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as templates, and its composite with poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) were fabricated. The results showed that the n-CS/PLGA composite (n-CPC) with 20 wt% n-CS could induce a dense and continuous layer of apatite on its surface after soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1 week, suggesting the excellent in vitro bioactivity. The n-CPC could promote cell attachment on its surfaces. In addition, the proliferation ratio of MG63cells on n-CPC was significantly higher than PLGA; the results demonstrated that n-CPC had excellent cytocompatibility. We prepared n-CPC scaffolds that contained open and interconnected macropores ranging in size from 200 to 500 μm. The n-CPC scaffolds were implanted in femur bone defect of rabbits, and thein vivobiocompatibility and osteogenicity of the scaffolds were investigated. The results indicated that n-CPC scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility, degradability, and osteogenesis in vivo. Collectively, these results suggested that the incorporation of n-CS in PLGA produced biocomposites with improved bioactivity and biocompatibility.

Expert systems, and artificial intelligence more generally, can provide a useful means for representing decision-making processes. By linking expert systems software to simulation software an effective means of including these decision-making processes in a simulation model can be achieved. This paper demonstrates how a commercial-off-the-shelf simulation package (Witness) can be linked to an expert systems package (XpertRule) through a Visual Basic interface. The methodology adopted could be used for models, and possibly software, other than those presented here.