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Abstract Building extraction aims to extract building pixels from remote sensing imagery, which plays a significant role in urban planning, dynamic urban monitoring, and many other applications. UNet3+ is widely applied in building extraction from remote sensing images. However, it still faces issues such as low segmentation accuracy, imprecise boundary delineation, and the complexity of network models. Therefore, based on the UNet3+ model, this paper proposes a 3D Joint Attention (3DJA) module that effectively enhances the correlation between local and global features, obtaining more accurate object semantic information and enhancing feature representation. The 3DJA module models semantic interdependence in the vertical and horizontal dimensions to obtain feature map spatial encoding information, as well as in the channel dimensions to increase the correlation between dependent channel graphs. In addition, a bottleneck module is constructed to reduce the number of network parameters and improve model training efficiency. Many experiments are conducted on publicly accessible WHU,INRIA and Massachusetts building dataset, and the benchmarks, BOMSC-Net, CVNet, SCA-Net, SPCL-Net, ACMFNet, MFCF-Net models are selected for comparison with the 3DJA-UNet3+ model proposed in this paper. The experimental results show that 3DJA-UNet3+ achieves competitive results in three evaluation indicators: overall accuracy, mean intersection over union, and F1-score. The code will be available at https://github.com/EnjiLi/3DJA-UNet3Plus .

Abstract Background Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery from the inappropriate sinus of Valsalva (AAOCA) is a rare congenital heart lesion. It is uncommon for patients with AAOCA to present with severe symptoms at a very young age. Case presentation We describe a very rare but critical presentation in a young infant with AAOCA that requires surgical repair and pacemaker placement. A three-month-old infant was referred because of syncope. Cardiac arrest occurred shortly after admission. The electrocardiogram indicated a complete atrioventricular block and a transvenous temporary pacemaker was implanted. A further coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) showed the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva. Coronary artery unroofing was performed due to an interarterial course with the intramural component, and a permanent epicardial pacemaker was implanted. The postoperative recovery was uneventful, and this patient was thriving and asymptomatic at the nine-month follow-up. However, the electrocardiogram still indicated a complete pacing rhythm. Conclusions By timely diagnosis and treatment, this patient is successfully rescued. Although rare, AAOCA may be fatal even in infants.

Abstract A multi‐inverter‐fed power system is susceptible to small‐signal instability owing to weak grid influence. This study proposes a black‐box method for small‐signal stability analysis of a multi‐inverter‐fed power system based on Bode diagrams. Not only did it consider the technical confidentiality on the engineering site, but it also took into account the presence of right‐half‐plane (RHP) pole in the aggregated impedance, achieving Nyquist circle acquisition through Bode diagrams. The stability analysis process is thus more accurate, intuitive, and convenient. First, black‐box impedance fitting for a single grid‐connected inverter and impedance aggregation for a multi‐inverter‐fed power system are discussed. Second, the principle of the proposed method is elaborated. Using the Bode diagram, the number of RHP poles of the aggregated impedance and actual number of circles for Nyquist curves are identified. Third, a multi‐inverter‐fed power system is constructed, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using case analysis and hardware‐in‐the‐loop real‐time experiments based on RT‐LAB. Finally, the advantages of the proposed method are revealed by comparing it to the IF method.

Abstract The early diagnosis and treatment of foreign body aspiration (FBA) can significantly improve the overall prognosis of children. There are significant differences in the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of FBA in different regions. Therefore, we conducted a real-world study in the western region of China with over 4000 patients. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of FBA in terms of its types, the specific months of its occurrence, and the distribution of primary caregiver characteristics in western China. We collected the clinical and epidemiological data of children who were diagnosed with FBA in our hospital over the past 20 years through a big data centre. We matched the data of healthy children who underwent routine physical examinations at the paediatric health clinic during the same period to analyse the differences in the data of actual guardians. A total of 4227 patients from five provinces were included in this study. Foreign bodies were removed by rigid bronchoscopy in 99.4% (4202/4227) of patients, with a median age of 19 months and a median surgical duration 16 min. January was the most common month of onset for 1725 patients, followed by February, with 1027 patients. The most common types of foreign objects were melon peanuts, seeds and walnuts, accounting for 47.2%, 15.3%, and 10.2%, respectively. In the FBA group, the proportion of grandparents who were primary caregivers was 70.33% (2973/4227), which was significantly greater than the 63.05% in the healthy group (2665/4227) (P

Abstract Background Laser-assisted hatching (LAH) stands as the predominant technique for removing the zona pellucida (ZP) in embryos, primarily consisting of two methods: drilling laser-assisted hatching (D-LAH) and thinning laser-assisted hatching (T-LAH). Presently, both methods have limitations, and their comparative efficacy for embryo implantation and clinical pregnancy remains uncertain. Aim Evaluate the impact of D-LAH and T-LAH on clinical pregnancy rates within assisted reproductive technology (ART). Methods We systematically searched electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until July 20, 2022. This study encompassed observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A 95% confidence interval (CI) was utilized for assessing the risk ratio (RR) of pregnancy outcomes. The level of heterogeneity was measured using I2 statistics, considering a value exceeding 50% as indicative of substantial heterogeneity. Results The meta-analysis scrutinized 9 studies involving 2405 clinical pregnancies from D-LAH and 2239 from T-LAH. Findings suggested no considerable variation in the clinical pregnancy rates between the two techniques (RR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.79–1.10, I2 = 71%, P = 0.41). Subgroup analyses also revealed no substantial differences. However, D-LAH exhibited a notably higher occurrence of singleton pregnancies compared to T-LAH (RR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.08–4.82, I2 = 89%, P = 0.03). There were no noteworthy distinctions observed in other secondary outcomes encompassing implantation rate, multiple pregnancies, ongoing pregnancy, miscarriage, premature birth, and live birth. Conclusion Both the primary findings and subgroup analyses showed no marked variance in clinical pregnancy rates between D-LAH and T-LAH. Therefore, patients with varying conditions should select their preferred LAH technique after assessing their individual situation. However, due to the restricted number of studies involved, accurately gauging the influence of these laser techniques on clinical outcomes is challenging, necessitating further RCTs and high-quality studies to enhance the success rate of ART. Trial registration PROSPERO: CRD42022347066.

Objective The best method for femoral fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) remains controversial. The study assesses the bone tunnel enlargement and clinical outcome in hamstring ACLR using cortical suspension or hybrid (cortical suspension and compression) femoral fixation. Methods From January 2010 to December 2021, 102 patients who underwent quadruple hamstring ACLR using cortical suspension (39 patients) or hybrid (63 patients) fixation on the femoral side were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical evaluation was conducted using the international knee documentation committee score, the Lysholm score, the Tegner activity level scale, the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (quality of life score), the Lachman test, and the side‐to‐side difference by the KT‐1000 arthrometer. The complications after the surgery were also evaluated. These data were compared at baseline and last follow‐up. The diameters of the femoral tunnel were calculated at three sites: the width of the entrance of the femoral tunnel, 1 cm proximal to the entrance of the femoral tunnel and the largest diameter of the femoral tunnel on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coronal images. Bone tunnel widening data were contrasted between MRI images conducted at least 2 years and within 2 weeks after surgery. The morphology of bone tunnel enlargement was also observed and recorded. The categorical parameters were analyzed using the χ2‐test and Fisher's exact test. The continuous variables conforming to a normal distribution were analyzed using Student's t‐test, and the Mann–Whitney U‐test was undertaken between the two groups without normal distribution. Results Both cortical suspension and hybrid femoral fixation in quadruple hamstring ACLR achieved significantly improved patient‐reported outcome scores and knee stability compared to preoperative data. However, no significant differences were found between these two methods in clinical evaluations, postoperative complications, and patient‐reported outcome scores. Although the mean diameter of the enlarged bone tunnel was lowered by an additional bioabsorbable interference screw fixation near the joint line, a statistically insignificant difference was found between the hybrid and cortical suspension fixation on the femoral side. There was no statistical difference in the distribution of enlarged bone tunnel morphology between groups. Conclusions No significant difference was found in the bone tunnel enlargement and clinical outcome between cortical suspension and hybrid femoral fixation in ACLR using hamstring autograft.

ObjectivesTo explore the utility of gray-scale ultrasound (GSUS) and mammography (MG) for radiomic analysis in distinguishing between breast adenosis and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).MethodsData from 147 female patients with pathologically confirmed breast lesions (breast adenosis: 61 patients; IDC: 86 patients) between January 2018 and December 2022 were retrospectively collected. A training cohort of 113 patients (breast adenosis: 50 patients; IDC: 63 patients) diagnosed from January 2018 to December 2021 and a time-independent test cohort of 34 patients (breast adenosis: 11 patients; IDC: 23 patients) diagnosed from January 2022 to December 2022 were included. Radiomic features of lesions were extracted from MG and GSUS images. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was applied to select the most discriminant features, followed by logistic regression (LR) to construct clinical and radiomic models, as well as a combined model merging radiomic and clinical features. Model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsIn the training cohort, the area under the curve (AUC) for radiomic models based on MG features, GSUS features, and their combination were 0.974, 0.936, and 0.991, respectively. In the test cohort, the AUCs were 0.885, 0.876, and 0.949, respectively. The combined model, incorporating clinical and all radiomic features, and the MG plus GSUS radiomics model were found to exhibit significantly higher AUCs than the clinical model in both the training cohort and test cohort (p0.05).ConclusionThe effectiveness of radiomic features derived from GSUS and MG in distinguishing between breast adenosis and IDC is demonstrated. Superior discriminatory efficacy is shown by the combined model, integrating both modalities.

BackgroundNeuropathic pain is one of the most common symptoms in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Notwithstanding, its underlying mechanism remains obscure.MethodsThe amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) metric was employed to investigate spontaneous neural activity alterations via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-MRI) data from a 3.0 T MRI scanner, in a sample of 26 patients diagnosed with NMOSD with neuropathic pain (NMOSD-WNP), 20 patients with NMOSD but without neuropathic pain (NMOSD-WoNP), and 38 healthy control (HC) subjects matched for age and sex without the comorbidity of depressive or anxious symptoms.ResultsIt was observed that patients with NMOSD-WNP displayed a significant ALFF decrease in the left amygdala and right anterior insula, relative to both patients with NMOSD-WoNP and HC subjects. Furthermore, ALFF values in the left amygdala were negatively correlated with the scores of the Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions and McGill Pain Questionnaire (both sensory and affective descriptors) in patients with NMOSD-WNP. Additionally, there were negative correlations between the ALFF values in the right anterior insula and the duration of pain and the number of relapses in patients with NMOSD-WNP.ConclusionThe present study characterizes spontaneous neural activity changes in brain regions associated with sensory and affective processing of pain and its modulation, which underscore the central aspects in patients with NMOSD-WNP. These findings might contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiologic basis of neuropathic pain in NMOSD.

BackgroundLife’s essential’ 8 (LE8) is a newly updated cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics from the American Heart Association, with close relevance to metabolism. Our objective is to explore the association between LE8 scores and incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and advanced liver fibrosis in American adults.MethodsThis population-based cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2005 and 2018, encompassing adults aged 20 years or older. Validated non-invasive scoring systems were employed to define liver steatosis and advanced liver fibrosis. Multivariable logistic regression and smooth curve fitting techniques were applied to evaluate the associations. All analyses were adjusted for the survey’ complex design parameters and accounted for sample weights.ResultsA total of 11,820 participants were included. A higher LE8 score was found to be inversely associated with the incidence of MAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis, with odds ratios (OR) of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.57–0.71) for MAFLD and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.61–0.92) for advanced liver fibrosis per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in LE8 score. Similar patterns were found in the relationship between health behaviors/factors score and incidence of MAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis. In subgroup analyses, the interaction test showed that age, education level, marital status, CVD, hypertension and diabetes had a significant impact on the association between LE8 score and MAFLD (all P for interaction < 0.05). Among male, elderly, wealthy, other race, CVD, diabetes and depression participants, the correlation between LE8 score and advanced liver fibrosis was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Younger participants exhibited a more pronounced negative association between the CVH metric and both MAFLD and advanced life fibrosis.ConclusionLE8 and its subscales score were inversely associated with the presence of MAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis in non-linear patterns. Optimal LE8 score may significantly reduce the risk of liver steatosis and fibrosis.

Autotrophic denitrification, recognized as a biological denitrification method, has garnered increasing interest in the field of ecological water environment denitrification technology. This study focuses on the utilization of the sulfur autotrophic denitrification process for the deep denitrification treatment of wastewater. Furthermore, it investigates the impact of phosphorus on nitrogen removal efficiency and bacterial community structure of sulfur autotrophic denitrification. In the experiment, a column containing an autotrophic denitrification filter with a carbon-sulfur filler was constructed. This study aimed to examine the impact of phosphorus on the initiation and denitrification efficiency of the autotrophic denitrification filter column. High-throughput sequencing was used to examine alterations in the structure of the bacterial community. The experimental findings indicated that the absence of phosphorus in the influent considerably extended the initiation period of the autotrophic denitrification filter column. The average Total Inorganic Nitrogen (TIN) removal rate was determined to be 80.26%, while the effluent exhibited an accumulation concentration of NO2−-N ranging from 7 to 11 mg/L. After the addition of phosphate, the removal rate of NO3−-N in the autotrophic denitrification process increased to more than 97%, with no2−-N accumulation. As the influent phosphorus concentration increased, the ability of the sulfur autotrophic denitrification filter column to resist hydraulic impact load improved. At a NO3−-N concentration of 30 mg/L and Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) = 2 h, the mean NO3−-N removal rate increased from 73.22% to 81.71%. The concentration of phosphorus affected the quantity and variety of primary bacteria in the sulfur autotrophic denitrification system, as their domination changed from Pseudomonas to Ferritrophicum and Thiobacillus, and from a mixed culture to complete autotrophy.

In this paper, a new type of slow-release algae control agent was prepared by using modified fly ash and cement as the base material and PS (potassium persulfate), an inorganic substance that dissolves algae by destroying their cellular structure, as the active component, and compounding the three in a certain proportion, and the finished product was obtained after 14 days of maintenance. The rate of release is primarily influenced by temperature, particle size, and load, while pH has minimal impact. Specifically, as the temperature increases from 4 °C to 40 °C, the rate of slow release increases from 0.74 mg/g/d to 1.35 mg/g/d. When particle size increased from 3 mm to 5 mm, the slow-release rate decreased from 1.06 mg/g/d to 0.70 mg/g/d. When the load increased from 10 mg/g to 30 mg/g, the slow-release rate also increased from 0.60 mg/g/d to 2.10 mg/g/d. In the algal inhibition experiment, the composite material was selected with a dose of 20 g/L, a loading capacity of 15 mg/g, and a particle size of 3 mm. After 14 days, algae removal rates, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and COD were found to be 96.55 %, 56.14 %, 78.2 %, and 86.81 %, respectively. The microstructure, elemental composition, and distribution of functional groups in the materials were analyzed using SEM, EDS, and FTIR. The algal suppressor was evenly distributed throughout the substrate surface. Additionally, there was a decrease in metal elements and an increase in hydroxyl groups. The experimental data show that the material is a slow-release algal inhibitor with good performance and practical application value.

Abstract The low‐carbon development of integrated energy systems is achieved via the sharing of multiple energy interactions by park‐level IES (PIES).However, coordinating profit distribution conflicts among complex interactive stakeholders in stochastic scenarios is challenging. Accordingly, this study proposes a novel tri‐layer framework that aggregates different game mechanisms to investigate the interactions between PIESs and coupled energy markets. First, a linkage trading mechanism is proposed by integrating carbon emissions trading and green certificate trading, which establishes a coupled electricity‐carbon‐green certificate market. Consequently, a park aggregation operator acts as an intermediary between PIESs and the coupled market, setting upper‐level purchase and sale prices to guide unit generation in each PIES using the Stackelberg game theory. Subsequently, the Nash game theory is applied to realize cooperative bargaining among PIESs for a fair revenue distribution. Further, the impact of uncertain environments is considered by utilizing stochastic scenario methods and the conditional value‐at‐risk theory. To protect the privacy of each participating agent while improving the convergence speed, a differential evolutionary method is combined with analysis target cascading to solve the framework. Finally, the proposed scheduling method is validated by utilizing a typical case to optimize conflicting PIES interests in multiple scenarios and realize decarbonisation.

BackgroundInsular subdivisions show distinct patterns of resting state functional connectivity with specific brain regions, each with different functional significance in chronic cigarette smokers. This study aimed to explore the altered dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) of distinct insular subdivisions in smokers.MethodsResting-state BOLD data of 31 smokers with nicotine dependence and 27 age-matched non-smokers were collected. Three bilateral insular regions of interest (dorsal, ventral, and posterior) were set as seeds for analyses. Sliding windows method was used to acquire the dFC metrics of different insular seeds. Support vector machine based on abnormal insular dFC was applied to classify smokers from non-smokers.ResultsWe found that smokers showed lower dFC variance between the left ventral anterior insula and both the right superior parietal cortex and the left inferior parietal cortex, as well as greater dFC variance the right ventral anterior insula with the right middle cingulum cortex relative to non-smokers. Moreover, compared to non-smokers, it is found that smokers demonstrated altered dFC variance of the right dorsal insula and the right middle temporal gyrus. Correlation analysis showed the higher dFC between the right dorsal insula and the right middle temporal gyrus was associated with longer years of smoking. The altered insular subdivision dFC can classify smokers from non-smokers with an accuracy of 89.66%, a sensitivity of 96.30% and a specify of 83.87%.ConclusionsOur findings highlighted the abnormal patterns of fluctuating connectivity of insular subdivision circuits in smokers and suggested that these abnormalities may play a significant role in the mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction and could potentially serve as a neural biomarker for addiction treatment.

In the existing healing strategies, the consideration of the general homogeneous network model prevails, wherein conceptual nodes and edges are treated as the same type. The heterogeneity of combat entities within equipment systems is not considered in these studies, rendering the proposed algorithm inapplicable to the analysis of heterogeneous UAV combat networks. Furthermore, the current research on combat task allocation exhibits a relatively singular focus, primarily addressing tasks such as covering reconnaissance operation areas or segmenting tasks into independent categories like reconnaissance, decision-making, and strike, without delving into the coordinated operations of distinct tasks. This paper delves into the realm of task assignment within heterogeneous UAV combat networks through optimal trace planning. A novel trace planning model is devised based on the optimal subtask division, fragmenting all tasks into individual subtasks. In the event of a collapse in the UAV combat swarm following an attack, a robust task-adjusting algorithm is formulated to mitigate various faults. Two adjustment schemes are proposed: dynamic task adjustment and swarm healing in the face of communication link breakdowns. In instances where UAV swarm construction encounters failure, the task adjustment model should possess a degree of elasticity to facilitate the dragging of the failed swarm for restoration. The task adjustment is designed with significant elasticity to enhance network robustness and compatibility. Simulation results indicate that our algorithms and models exhibit high efficiency and incur minimal adjustment costs in adapting to the battlefield.

This study makes a significant contribution to the field of groundwater potential mapping (GWPM) by exploring the application of ensemble learning models (ELMs), specifically boosting ensemble models (BEMs), which have not been fully utilized in GWPM. By employing six ELMs (random forest, AdaBoost, XGBoost, CatBoost, GBDT, and LightGBM), along with Tree-structured Parzen Estimator in Luoning County, China, this study identifies key indicators (topographic position index, distance to rivers, and topographic wetness index) and demonstrates the superior model performance of XGBoost compared to other ELMs. Additionally, correlation analysis confirms the accuracy of XGBoost in predicting relationships between important indicators and groundwater potentials. Finally, the findings provide valuable insights for sustainable groundwater management strategies in Luoning County and emphasize the need for further exploration of ELMs, development of comprehensive performance evaluation and indicator systems, reduction of the inconsistencies between indicators and predication results and practical research to support future sustainable groundwater management.

Abstract The multi‐scale flexibility coordination of multiple storages is a key technology to enhance the diversified regulation ability of the power system. This paper first considers the interaction mechanism of multi‐type storage peak regulation time sequences based on the Euclidian distance, dynamic time warping distance, and storage correlation distance. A matching index was proposed to consider the temporal correlation, overall distribution characteristics, and dynamic characteristics of the net load and energy storage. The multitype storage coordination mode, including battery storage, pumped storage, and electric vehicles, was formulated, and a collaborative optimal scheduling system architecture of source‐grid‐load‐storage (SGLS) was constructed. To attain a low‐carbon economy, a collaborative optimal scheduling model of SGLS considering the dynamic time‐series complementarity of multiple energy storage systems was constructed. The Nash equilibrium theory was used to achieve friendly interaction among the source, grid, load, and storage. Then, an improved transfer reinforcement learning algorithm for SGLS was proposed, which used reinforcement learning and transfer learning algorithms combined with K‐means clustering and dual‐structure experience pool technology. The test results of actual regional power grid data indicated that the proposed strategy can effectively reduce the economic and carbon treatment costs of the system and improve the absorption capacity of renewable energy.

Abstract With the development of intelligent distribution networks and the proposal of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the importance of demand‐side management for the improvement of flexible power operation systems is becoming increasingly prominent. To solve the problems of the excessive peak–valley load differences, the insufficient utilization of demand‐side resources, and the unreasonable pricing of aggregators, this paper proposes a three‐stage economy optimization method for the aggregator based on EV(electric vehicle) user response volumes. To gain the advantages of different types of EVs while increasing the dispatchable capacity, the contract mode between the aggregator and EVs is divided into three categories: complete dispatching, rolling reward and punishment mechanism dispatching, and free dispatching. Based on the cloud model, considering loss aversion, the user's own time flexibility, and the impact of the tariff set by the aggregator on the user's decision‐making, we introduced indicator weights to obtain the improved cloud model. Based on the improved cloud model, a user response volume model is obtained. Then, the aggregator performs a three‐stage pricing optimization operation for EVs based on the bid‐winning peak shaving capacity. In the first stage, the attraction between EVs and charging stations is determined based on the law of gravity, and the charging and discharging reward electricity price is set. In the second stage, the dynamic electricity price of three types of EVs and the charging punishment electricity prices of the rolling reward and punishment mechanism dispatching type are determined. In the third stage, the electricity price of the rolling reward and punishment dispatching EVs is further optimized based on their lack of peak shaving capacity. The method proposed in the paper has been verified to be effective in increasing aggregator profits, increasing EV dispatch capacity, and reducing EV charging costs through the example analysis.

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is renowned for its all-weather and all-time imaging capabilities, making it invaluable for ship target recognition. Despite the advancements in deep learning models, the efficiency of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in the frequency domain is often constrained by memory limitations and the stringent real-time requirements of embedded systems. To surmount these obstacles, we introduce the Split_ Composite method, an innovative convolution acceleration technique grounded in Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). This method employs input block decomposition and a composite zero-padding approach to streamline memory bandwidth and computational complexity via optimized frequency-domain convolution and image reconstruction. By capitalizing on FFT’s inherent periodicity to augment frequency resolution, Split_ Composite facilitates weight sharing, curtailing both memory access and computational demands. Our experiments, conducted using the OpenSARShip-4 dataset, confirm that the Split_ Composite method upholds high recognition precision while markedly enhancing inference velocity, especially in the realm of large-scale data processing, thereby exhibiting exceptional scalability and efficiency. When juxtaposed with state-of-the-art convolution optimization technologies such as Winograd and TensorRT, Split_ Composite has demonstrated a significant lead in inference speed without compromising the precision of recognition.

Disturbances in the aviation environment can compromise the stability of the aviation optoelectronic stabilization platform. Traditional methods, such as the proportional integral adaptive robust (PI + ARC) control algorithm, face a challenge: once high-frequency disturbances are introduced, their effectiveness is constrained by the control system’s bandwidth, preventing further stability enhancement. A state equalizer speed closed-loop control algorithm is proposed, which combines proportional integral adaptive robustness with state equalizer (PI + ARC + State equalizer) control algorithm. This new control structure can suppress high-frequency disturbances caused by mechanical resonance, improve the bandwidth of the control system, and further achieve fast convergence and stability of the PI + ARC algorithm. Experimental results indicate that, in comparison to the control algorithm of PI + ARC, the inclusion of a state equalizer speed closed-loop compensation in the model significantly increases the closed-loop bandwidth by 47.6%, significantly enhances the control system’s resistance to disturbances, and exhibits robustness in the face of variations in the model parameters and feedback sensors of the control object. In summary, integrating a state equalizer speed closed-loop with PI + ARC significantly enhances the suppression of high-frequency disturbances and the performance of control systems.

Abstract Background Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) associated with cognitive impairment (CI) is acknowledged. However, the underlying pathogenesis and involvement of the immune system remain unclear. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the alterations in immune cells, cytokines, and GABA+ levels in NMOSD patients with cognitive deficits. Methods Thirty‐eight NMOSD patients and 38 healthy controls (HCs) were included. NMOSD patients were stratified as NMOSD‐CI and NMOSD‐CP groups. The difference in cognitive functions, Tfh and cytokines, and GABA+ levels were assessed, and their correlations were calculated. Results NMOSD‐CI patients showed worse performance on all cognitive tests, and the percentage of circulating follicular helper T cells (cTfh) was significantly elevated. The frequency of cTfh was positively and negatively correlated with Stroop‐A and AVLT long‐delayed scores, respectively. IL‐21 was remarkably higher in NMOSD‐CI and NMOSD‐CP. The level of GABA+ in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was significantly decreased in NMOSD‐CI and was proved positively and negatively correlated with Symbol Digit Modalities Test and the frequency of circulating Tfh cells, respectively. Conclusion In NMOSD‐CI patients, all cognitive domains were impacted, , while GABA+ levels in mPFC were decreased. GABA+ levels in NMOSD‐CI were negatively correlated with the frequency of cTfh, suggesting the underlying coupling mechanism between immune responses and neurotransmitter metabolism in CI in NMOSD patients.

Background: Pediatric bronchiectasis is a common respiratory disease in children. The use of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for its treatment remains controversial. Objectives: The objective of our study was to compare and analyze the clinical efficacy of thoracoscopic surgery and thoracotomy in the treatment of pediatric bronchiectasis and summarize the surgical treatment experience of VATS in children with bronchiectasis. Design: Retrospective single-center cohort study. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 46 pediatric patients who underwent surgery with bronchiectasis at the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2015 to May 2023. The patients were divided into two groups: the VATS group (25 cases) and the thoracotomy group (21 cases). Comparative analysis was performed on various parameters including basic clinical data, surgical methods, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, transfusion status, postoperative pain, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, chest tube drainage time, length of hospital stay, incidence of complications, and follow-up information. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients in terms of age, weight, gender, etiology, duration of symptoms, site of onset, and comorbidities ( p > 0.05). The operation time in the VATS group was longer than that in the thoracotomy group ( p

Aiming at the problem of gas accumulation in upper corner and return air roadway of single U type ventilation mining in early stage of gob-side entry retaining in Mingxin Coal Mine, the mathematical equation of gas convection and diffusion is established and a strong coupling physical model is built. In the stable stage of ventilation, the space-time distribution of gas under the conditions of high-level borehole extraction and pure air exhaust is studied and verified by field practice. The study results show that when the mining distance is 20 m, the flow field in the goaf forms the complex distribution of “B” and “D”, which causes the peak of gas volume fraction in the working face. There are two-fifths of the goaf area along the goaf side forms an interception influence area, and one-seventh of the goaf area forms an triangular return area under the condition of extraction, which indicates that the extraction weakens the trend of the goaf flow line closing to the upper corner of the goaf side and the goaf flow line developing to the goaf side of the goaf; under the condition of extraction, the starting point of gas volume fraction rise in the direction of goaf in upper corner is 4.7 m behind that of pure air exhaust, and the peak value of gas volume fraction in upper corner, average value of working surface and average value of return lane decrease 86%, 69% and 37.7% respectively. Field practice shows that the smooth area of gas volume fraction in return lane before and after treatment is extended by 60 m, and thepeak value of gas volume fraction in upper corner and return lane decreases by 21.7%.

Abstract As electric vehicles (EVs) begin to participate in the peak‐shaving auxiliary service market, the question of how price aggregators can maximize the peak‐shaving capacity provided by EVs and maximize their own profit has become a major problem. This paper proposes a bargaining game pricing method based on the psychological cost of EVs and the risk assessment of aggregators. First, the comprehensive psychological cost of EV users is obtained based on the impact of users’ participation in peak shaving on the battery life of EVs and on users’ original travel plans and time, and the impact of aggregator pricing on users’ psychology. Then, based on users’ psychological cost and the law of gravitation, the evaluation scheme for the peak‐shaving capacity of EVs is obtained. On the basis of conditional value at risk (CVaR), the mixed CVaR is obtained by considering the risk‐chasing behaviour of users. Based on the mixed CVaR, the risk assessment of aggregators’ participation in the peak‐shaving auxiliary service market is carried out. According to the above information, the aggregator and EV groups are engaged in a bargaining game based on the peak‐shaving pricing problem, which is divided into complete information game and incomplete information game. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified by an example analysis which is run by the MATLAB R2019b. The method proposed in this paper provides aggregators with a complete peak‐shaving electricity pricing scheme, effectively improving the dispatching capacity of EVs. It is helpful to rationalize the pricing of aggregators and maximize their profits. EVs can also obtain satisfactory profits, attracting more EVs to participate in peak shaving, and reduce the pressure on power grid peak shaving.

Abstract Objectives A retrospective study was performed to summarize the experience of transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) through the right femoral vein under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Methods From January 2019 to September 2021, 75 children who underwent PDA closure through the right femoral vein under the guidance of TEE were included. The guide wire and delivery sheath were inserted through the ductus arteriosus into the descending aorta via the right femoral vein, and the occluder was subsequently deployed. After discharge, all patients were required for outpatient follow-ups at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Results In this group, patients were older than 10 months of age and body weight greater than 8 kg. Among 75 cases with PDA, 63 were tubular type and 12 were conical type. The mean operative time was 40.2 ± 7.3 min. The size of PDA occluder ranged from 4–6 to 12–14 mm. The mean hospital stay was 5.5 ± 0.5 days. One month after discharge, there were 4 cases with a mild residual shunt. Eventually, the residual shunt was not observed during 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up. Conclusions PDA closure under the guidance of TEE can be performed through the right femoral vein successfully and effectively. This procedure has no contrast agent usage, radiation exposure, or open incisions.

IntroductionSoybean root rot (SRR), caused by Fusarium oxysporum, is a severe soil-borne disease in soybean production worldwide, which adversely impacts the yield and quality of soybean. The most effective method for managing crop soil-borne diseases and decreasing reliance on chemical fungicides, such as Bacillus spp., is via microbial biocontrol agents.Methods and ResultsIn this study, a soil-isolated strain BVE7 was identified as B. velezensis, exhibiting broad-spectrum activity against various pathogens causing soybean root rot. BVE7 sterile filtrate, at a concentration of 10%, demonstrated significant antifungal activity by inhibiting the conidial germination, production, and mycelial growth of F. oxysporum by 61.11%, 73.44%, and 85.42%, respectively, causing hyphal malformations. The antifungal compound produced by BVE7 demonstrated adaptability to a standard environment. The pot experiment showed that BVE7 suspension could effectively control soybean root rot, with the highest control efficiency of 75.13%. Furthermore, it considerably enhanced the activity of catalase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase in soybean roots, while also preventing an increase in malondialdehyde activity. By improving the host resistance towards pathogens, the damage caused by fungi and the severity of soybean root rot have been reduced.DiscussionThis study presents the innovative utilization of B. velezensis, isolated from soybean roots in cold conditions, for effectively controlling soybean root rot caused by F. oxysporum. The findings highlight the remarkable regional and adaptive characteristics of this strain, making it an excellent candidate for combating soybean root rot in diverse environments. In conclusion, B. velezensis BVE7 demonstrated potential in effectively reducing SRR incidence and can be considered as a viable option for SRR management.