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Abstract Background Falls are one of the main reasons for mortality and morbidity in older adults. However, despite adoption of prevention strategies, the number of falls in older adults has not declined. This study aimed to develop a questionnaire to assess fall prevention knowledge and explore associated factors among Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Methods The Home-Based Fall Prevention Knowledge (HFPK) questionnaire was developed by Delphi expert consultation. We tested the internal consistency, reliability, and content validity of the HFPK. A total of 374 community-dwelling older adults participated in this study. The HFPK was used to assess their fall prevention knowledge. Results After being evaluated by 15 experts, the item content validity index ranged from 0.867 to 1, and the scale content validity index was 0.985, which met the criterion for content validity. Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.933, which satisfied the reliability criterion. Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that fall prevention knowledge was significantly associated with having higher education, being female, having a higher monthly income, people who were public officials before retirement, and having fewer children (p

Abstract Karst rocky desertification (KRD) has become one of the most serious ecological and environmental problems in karst areas. At present, mapping KRD with a high accuracy and on a large scale is still a difficult problem in the control of KRD. In this study, a random forest (RF) based on maximum information coefficient and correlation coefficient feature selection is proposed to predict KRD. Nine predictors stood out as feature factors to estimate KRD. Rock exposure was the most important predictor, followed by fractional vegetation cover for the prediction of KRD processes. The kappa and classification accuracy indexes were to evaluate the performance of the model. We recorded overall accuracy rate and kappa index values of 94.7% and 0.92 for the testing datasets respectively. The RF model was then used to predict the KRD in 2001, 2011, 2016, and 2020, and it was found that the KRD in the study area has exhibited a positive trend of improvement. Therefore, the use of multisource remote sensing data combined with the RF model can obtain better prediction results of KRD, thereby providing a new idea for large-scale estimation of the KRD in peak-cluster depression.

Abstract Background Falls are common among adults aged 60 years and older because of physiological changes. Most falls in older adults occur most often at home. Coupled with the lack of awareness and knowledge of preventing falls, the proportion of injuries and deaths among older adults due to falls is increasing yearly. Our study developed a WeChat mini-program for urban elderly to implement teach-back health education (TBHE) that a repeated cycle process of health education, assessment, and re-education in preventing falls at home. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the application effect of the TBHE-based WeChat mini-program on health education knowledge for fall prevention at home for urban older adults. Design A single-blinded, two-arm parallel-group, randomized controlled trial was conducted. Setting Three residential communities, named Hot Spring Apartment, Hualinyuan, and Dongtang Community in Gulou District, Fuzhou, China. Participants Participants were older adults recruited from communities in Fuzhou from January to March 2021. Methods Fifty-nine participants agreed to participate and were assigned randomly to the intervention group (n = 29) or the control group receiving traditional health education (n = 30). Each participant in the intervention group received twice a week for a total of 8 weeks of health education interventions performed by the first author that she is intervenor according to specific themes. The trial statistician, recruiters, and participants were blinded to group allocation. The intervenor (first author) was blinded to the study hypotheses. To evaluate the effects of the intervention, we assessed participants’ knowledge total score and scores of physiology and disease; drug application; mental, cognitive, and spiritual well-being; lifestyle; and house environment at baseline and 1-week post-intervention and compared scores between two groups. A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted to examine the effects of time, group, and their interaction. Results There was a significant difference in knowledge of house environment (p = 0.003) between the two groups. Within groups, total and five dimensions knowledge scores had a significant difference (p

The temporal and spatial dynamics of biodiversity and its future trends are of great significance for maintaining biodiversity pattern and ensuring regional ecological security in the Nanliu River Basin of Beibu Gulf. At present, most studies are concerned with the assessment of biodiversity in historical period, but few studies focused on the prediction of biodiversity under several scenarios in future years, and the history and future spatial simulation of habitat quality has not been carried out. Therefore, the establishment of biodiversity simulation studies under different scenarios in the future plays a crucial role in the sustainable development of regional social economy. This study takes Nanliu River Basin, which only flows into the sea in the Beibu Gulf, as the research object. Based on land use data and social and economic data interpreted from remote sensing data in 2000, 2010 and 2020, Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small Region Extent (CLUE-S) model was used to simulate and predict land use patterns for ecological protection scenarios, natural growth scenarios and food security scenarios in 2030. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Service and Tradeoff (InVEST) model was used to evaluate the biodiversity of different scenarios in the past and future and discuss the habitat quality and degradation degree of biodiversity in the watershed. Results were presented as follows. In 2000–2020, an increasing trend of construction land, shrub land and water area was found in the Nanliu River basin of Beibu Gulf. The largest increase was observed in construction land, and the largest decrease was noted in cultivated land and woodland. The best habitat quality will be under the ecological protection scenario in 2030. The biodiversity in the upstream and downstream of the three scenarios showed varying degrees of improvement, and the midstream exhibited a degradation trend. The research results of this paper can make up for the vacancy of biodiversity habitat evaluation system in Nanliu River Basin at home and abroad, and have important theoretical and practical significance for promoting ecological protection and ecological planning of watershed.

Quantitative assessment of aboveground biomass (AGB) and spatial distribution pattern of exotic mangrove plants (Sonneratia apetala) is of great significance for blue carbon management and ecological restoration in typical subtropical estuaries in China. Although unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has certain advantages in the investigation of the vertical three-dimensional structure of mangroves, the existing mangrove investigation results are mainly based on plot investigation method. Few scholars use machine learning (ML) method to estimate AGB of invasive Sonneratia apetala by combining plot investigation and LiDAR data. Therefore, on the basis of the height and intensity variables of UAV-LiDAR data, this study used four different ML algorithms, namely, xgboost regressor (XGBR), catboost regressor (CBR), light gradient boosting regressor (LGBR) and AdaBoost regressor (ABR), to estimate AGB of invasive mangrove. Then, the quantitative relationship between invasive mangrove biomass and hydrological unit was analysed. We found that CBR model had the highest accuracy in estimation of mangrove AGB (R2 = 0.7644, RMSE = 11.1725 Mg/ha), followed by XGBR model (R2 = 0.6759, 13.1053 Mg/ha). However, LGBR model (R2 = 0.3506, RMSE = 18.5510 Mg/ha) had poor fitting effect. The AGB of invasive mangroves showed a spatial distribution pattern of high in northwest and low in southeast, and its value ranged from 7.31 Mg/ha to 114.04 Mg/ha, with an average of 25.57 Mg/ha. The AGB of invasive mangroves was independent of the area size of the hydrological response unit but depended on the elevation of the beach surface and the distance from the main tidal ditch. This study demonstrates the feasibility of UAV-LiDAR remote sensing and CBR model in estimating AGB of invasive mangrove species, which can provide scientific basis and technical support for the assessment of invasive mangrove ecosystem and the protection of local mangrove tree species.

Background: Self-determination theory distinguishes three basic human psychological needs: competence, relatedness, and autonomy. The measurement of these needs in populations of older adults has been limited and inadequate. Yet, results from such an assessment are likely to be valuable in policymaking, specifically toward the goal of healthy aging.Aim: The objective of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale (BPNS) based on self-determination theory with older adults.Methods: A total of 809 older adults were invited to participate in this study. We examined the item analysis, internal reliability, factorial validity, criterion validity, and measurement invariance across sex of a Chinese translation of the BPNS.Results: The findings demonstrated that the scale had a good factorial validity, criterion validity, and satisfactory internal reliability. All the items were qualified according to item analysis (p < 0.001). The Cronbach’s α coefficient for the total scale was 0.877. The coefficients of three subscales were 0.826 (autonomy), 0.807 (competence), and 0.847 (relatedness). Exploratory factor analysis indicated three factors that explained 75.12% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed measurement fit exceeded the recommended criteria in all the cases. Measurement invariance analysis manifested that the factor loadings, factor variances and covariances, and residuals to measurement structure were invariant across the male and female participants.Conclusion: The Chinese version of the BPNS based on self-determination theory was proven to be reliable and valid. The usability of the scale to assess the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of older adults in China was demonstrated.

This paper introduces the implicative derivations and gives some of their characterizations on MTL-algebras. Furthermore, we provide some representation of MTL-algebras by implicative derivations and obtain some representation of Boolean algebra via the algebra of all implicative derivations. Finally, we explore the relationship between implicative derivation and other operators on MTL-algebras and show that there exists a bijection between the sets of multiplier and implicative derivations on IMTL-algebras. The results of this paper can provide the common properties of implicative derivations in the t-norm-based fuzzy logical algebras.

Background/Aims: TP63 was believed to play an important role in the development of many malignancies, while the polymorphisms located at the miRNA binding sites within the 3’UTR of TP63 mRNA may interfere with its expression. In this study, we aimed to study the role of TP63 regulation in the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer (GC). Methods: Computational and luciferase analysis were used to search and confirm the target of miR-140. Real-time PCR, western-blot, MTT assay, and flow cytometry cell cycle analysis were utilized to explore the molecular pathway of miR-140 involved in the progression of GC. Results: TP63 was identified as a direct target gene of miR-140. In HT-29 cells over-expressing miR-140, the luciferase activity was decreased when the cells were transfected with wild-type TP63 3’UTR, but remained unchanged when the cells were transfected with mutant 1 and mutant 2 TP63 3’UTR. In addition, the level of TP63 in HT-29 cells transfected with miR-140 mimic was evidently down-regulated, whereas the level of TP63 in HT-29 cells transfected with miR-140 inhibitor was significantly up-regulated. Furthermore, based on the results from MTT assay and flow cytometry cell cycle analysis, HT-29 cells transfected with miR-140 mimics were associated with significantly higher viability compared to the cells transfected with the control plasmid, suggesting that an increased expression of miR-140 protected HT-29 cells against apoptosis. Finally, when miR-140 expression was high, the number of cells at the G1 phase was notably increased, accompanied by a remarkably diminished number of cells at the S phase. Conclusions: The rs35592567 polymorphism in TP63 affected the expression of TP63 by interfering with its interaction with miR-140, and could serve as an explanation for the increased risk of GC.

Three-way concept analysis (3WCA) is extended research of formal concept analysis (FCA) by combining three-way decision. The three-way object oriented concept lattice (OEOL) is one of the important data structures which integrates rough set, concept lattice and three-way decision in 3WCA. In the paper, we investigate the characteristics of formal context based on the isomorphic relationship among the kinds of concept lattices with OEOL. Firstly, II-dual intersectable attributes and II-dual intersectable context are proposed and the relationship between the type I-dual intersectable context(dual intersectable context) and the type II-dual intersectable context are studied. In addition, the relationship among the kinds of concept lattices with OEOL are studied when the formal context is both I-dual intersectable context and II-dual intersectable context. Finally, the inverse problems of the above conclusions are discussed and the following two conclusions are obtained: (1) the formal context is the type II-dual intersectable context, when the object oriented concept lattice and OEOL are isomorphic. (2) In addition, the formal context is the type I-dual intersectable context, when the concept lattice and OEOL are anti-isomorphic.

In a fast spectrum reactor, the fuel rod bundle is mainly positioned radially by the wire which can make contact with the adjacent fuel rods, and then it is inevitable that flow-induced vibration (FIV) will cause fretting wear and vibration fatigue of the fuel cladding at the contact position. Therefore, the computational model of fretting wear and fatigue life about the fuel rod bundle caused by FIV will be studied in this paper. Based on the random vibration model of the fuel rod bundle, Hertz contact theory, and Archard wear theory, the fretting wear life computational model and the fatigue life computational model of the wire-to-adjacent fuel rod (WAFR) contact have been established. Finally, taking CEFR design parameters as an example, the fretting wear life and vibration fatigue life of the cladding are calculated, and it is found that fatigue affects the service life of the fuel rod more seriously than fretting wear. The calculation model and method lay a foundation for further accurate prediction and analysis of the fuel rod life.

The mRNA of OsGSTL1 was detected in the roots and leaves of rice plants at seedling and tillering stages, and their roots, leaves and panicles at the heading stage. The full-length open reading frame of OsGSTL1 cDNA was 732 bp and encoded a putative polypeptide of 243 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 27.30 kDa and a theoretical pI of 5.50. The protein sequences of OsGSTL1 exhibited typical feature of the lambda class GST, which contained the conserved domain "GST_C_Lambda" in C-terminal alpha helical domain and a highly conserved Cys42 in active center. In silico predictions showed that the OsGSTL1 protein was strongly hydrophilic. The phylogenetic analysis revealed OsGSTL1 belonged to monocots subgroup and was closer to IN2-1 of Z. may. The OsGSTL1 gene was cloned into pYTV vector and was introduced into yeast strain PEP4. Western blot analysis showed that the exogenous OsGSTL1 was expressed in the transformed yeast. The GST activity of the crude extracts of yeast showed that the OsGSTL1 transgenic yeast had higher levels of GST activities than the control yeasts. These findings suggested that the OsGSTL1 was a glutathione S-transferase and could play an important role during the growth and development processes in rice.

For the China Initiative Accelerator Driven System (CIADS), the energy of the protons is 250 MeV, and the current intensity will reach 10 milliamperes. A new concept of a dense granular spallation target is proposed for which the tungsten granules are chosen as the target material. After being bombarded with the accelerated protons from the accelerator, the tungsten granules with high-temperature flow out of the subcritical reactor and the heat is removed by the heat exchanger. One key issue of the target is to remove the 2.5 MW heat deposition safely. Another one is the heat exchange between the target and the subcritical reactor. Based on the model of effective thermal conductivity, a new thermal code is developed in Matlab. The new code is used to calculate the temperature field of the target area near active zone and it is partly verified by commercial CFD code Fluent. The result shows that the peak temperature of the target zone is nearly 740°C and the reactor and the target are proved to be uncoupled in thermal process.

Based on the falling shadow theory, the concept of falling fuzzy (implicative) ideals as a generalization of that of a T∧-fuzzy (implicative) ideal is proposed in MV-algebras. The relationships between falling fuzzy (implicative) ideals and T-fuzzy (implicative) ideals are discussed, and conditions for a falling fuzzy (implicative) ideal to be a T∧-fuzzy (implicative) ideal are provided. Some characterizations of falling fuzzy (implicative) ideals are presented by studying proprieties of them. The product ⊛ and the up product ⊚ operations on falling shadows and the upset of a falling shadow are established, by which T-fuzzy ideals are investigated based on probability spaces.

The aim of the paper is to lay a foundation for providing a soft algebraic tool in considering many problems that contain uncertainties. In order to provide these soft algebraic structures, the notion of λ,μ-soft union rings which is a generalization of that of soft union rings is proposed. By introducing the notion of soft cosets, soft quotient rings based on λ,μ-soft union ideals are established. Moreover, through discussing quotient soft subsets, an approach for constructing quotient soft union rings is made. Finally, isomorphism theorems of λ,μ-soft union rings related to invariant soft sets are discussed.

In the realm of discrete-time modeling for gene regulatory networks, significant focus has been placed on addressing the time lags inherent in the process of DNA transcription to RNA and the subsequent translation of mRNA to proteins. These temporal delays have been consistently incorporated into discrete gene regulatory network models. However, true gene regulatory networks are also subject to spatial variables, due to the uneven distribution of protein and mRNA concentrations. The integration of reaction-diffusion terms is thus essential to fully represent the impact of spatial dynamics on gene regulatory networks. In such networks, reaction-diffusion dynamics highlight the complex interactions between neighboring spatial regions, where closeness leads to mutual influences on their functional activities. Based on this conceptual groundwork, this study introduces a discrete-time gene regulatory network model that includes the mutual interconnections between spatial areas. To guarantee the model's robust stability, we have established delay-dependent stability criteria using carefully designed Lyapunov-Krasovskii functions, framed within the context of linear matrix inequalities. The robustness and effectiveness of our approach are demonstrated through a numerical example presented in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper generalizes the notion of monadic residuated lattices to that of pseudo monadic residuated lattices. As monadic residuated lattices serve as algebraic models of modal logic S5(FLew), we propose pseudo monadic residuated lattices as algebraic models of modal system KD45(FLew). The main contributions of this paper are as follows: 1) we discuss the relationship between pseudo monadic residuated lattices and other pseudo monadic algebraic structures, showing that it is a natural generalization of pseudo monadic BLalgebras, Bi-modal Gödel algebras and pseudo monadic algebras; 2) We provide a comprehensive characterization of pseudo monadic residuated lattices by considering them as pairs of residuated lattices (L,B), where B represents a special case of a relatively complete subalgebra of L known as c-relatively complete. Furthermore, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for a subalgebra to be c-relatively complete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aggregation operators are important tools in the process of information aggregation. The aim of this paper is to investigate arithmetic aggregation operators under the type2 picture fuzzy environment with the help of new operations on type-2 picture fuzzy numbers. The type-2 picture fuzzy set is an extended version of Cuong’s picture fuzzy set, which not only considers the degree of acceptance or rejection, but also takes into account the neutral degree and invalid degree during the analysis. Under these environments, by using the new operations on type-2 picture fuzzy numbers, several series of arithmetic aggregation operators for type-2 picture fuzzy sets are proposed, namely type-2 picture fuzzy weighted average operators, type-2 picture fuzzy ordered weighted average operators, and type-2 picture fuzzy hybrid average operators, along with their desirable properties. Furthermore, a decision-making approach based on these operators is also presented to make the evaluation result more objective. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the practicality and reasonableness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]