Search

A novel approach is proposed to detect protocol misbehavior using state-of-the-art machine learning frameworks and entropy. Nodes in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) use broadcast protocols to efficiently disseminate safety information, but nodes do not always behave according to the routing protocols. Misbehavior can be caused by a targeted attack, where an attacking vehicle can intentionally send or route malicious packets to harm. Due to the dynamic nature of nodes in VANETs and routing complexity, unintentional misbehavior can also happen due to hardware or software failures in the vehicle. We are not concerned with the targeted attacks, but rather explore how the unintentional misbehavior, which can cause statistical multi-hop routing protocols to operate as basic flooding protocols, can be detected and accurately classified. These methods and detection techniques are based on the IEEE 802.11p MAC layer and weighted p-persistence multi-hop routing protocol. The linear classification was done using the TensorFlow framework and evaluations were performed using the VEINS simulator using the p-persistence broadcast protocol in a US city area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel approach is proposed to estimate the timeout period used in wireless ad hoc networks in order to detect misbehaving nodes that make black hole attacks. Timeout period is an acceptable time frame for a node to forward a packet and is used to judge if the node is behaving properly. To avoid misjudgment and false alarms, the accuracy of the estimate of the timeout period is very important. Our method is based on the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol and Dynamic Source Routing protocol. The main contribution of this paper is proposing a queuing analysis to calculate the mean and maximum delay per hop implementing the 95-percentile of medium access waiting time. In addition, a new technique is introduced that can be applied to determine the mean number of hops in flooding-based ad hoc networks, taking into account edge effects. For each proposed model, analytical results are compared with results obtained from simulations and the validity of the models is confirmed by observing the close relationship between the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) rely on the benevolence of nodes within the network to forward packets from a source node to a destination node. This network construction allows for the forwarding nodes, whether they are selfish or malicious, to drop packets hindering end-to-end communication. In this paper, a new scheme is proposed against collusion black hole and slander attacks in MANETs, named E2EACK. A novel method is used to detect collusion attacks due to collusive malicious nodes which cooperate in the route discovery, but refuse to forward data packets and do not disclose the misbehavior of each other. Contrary to existing methods that detect only collusion black hole attacks, the E2EACK also detects slander attacks and framing attacks. Moreover, the E2EACK uses ACKnowledgment packet to detect malicious nodes on the path and Message Authentication Code (MAC) to authenticate the sender of each data packet. Analytical and simulation results show that the proposed scheme considerably decreases the routing overhead and increases the packet delivery ratio compared to the existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we propose VEISV (vulnerable – exposed – infectious – secured – vulnerable) network worm attack model, which is appropriate for measuring the effects of security countermeasures on worm propagation. Contrary to existing models, our model takes into consideration accurate positions for dysfunctional hosts and their replacements in state transition. Using the reproduction rate, we derive global stability of a worm-free state and local stability of a unique worm-epidemic state. Furthermore, simulation results show the positive impact of increasing security countermeasures in the vulnerable state on worm-exposed and infectious propagation waves. Finally, equilibrium points are confirmed by phase plots. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Lie operators are known to be effective in detecting very small degrees of object motions such as scaling, rotations and deformations. In this paper, we apply multiple Lie operators in combination to increase the accuracy of the conventional translation-only motion estimation. We propose the following three motion estimation methods using Lie operators with varying computational complexities, including the serial search, iterative search and the dynamic programming like search methods. We seek to study the tradeoffs allowed by the different combinations of Lie operators between the improved accuracy and the extra computational complexity associated with estimating the motion parameters. Both analytical and experimental results show that the proposed Lie-operator approaches can offer significant increases in the accuracy of the motion estimation with only low to moderate increase in the computational complexity. We also demonstrate that the iterative search method based on Lie operators has much lower complexity than motion search using an affine motion model for small motion parameters, while providing accuracy improvements very close to those attainable by the affine model approach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Proposes an efficient task allocation scheme for two-dimensional (2D) mesh architectures of parallel computer systems. Review of existing task allocation schemes; How the scheme finds the available submesh without scanning the entire mesh; What comprehensive computer simulation illustrates.

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a dynamic wireless network without any infrastructures. It is vulnerable to many types of attacks. Thus, security has turned out to be an important factor to facilitate secured communication between mobile nodes in a wireless environment. Recently, many routing protocols have been established. But most of them do not consider the security criteria in their designing. So, practically any node can maliciously disrupt communication of other nodes. Hence, a new approach is proposed in this paper to provide reliable and secure data transmission in MANETs under possible blackhole attacks based on modified ad-hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) protocol. We divide the message into multiple paths to the destination and use homomorphic encryption scheme for cryptography technique. The performance of the proposed scheme is stable with very high packet delivery ratio while that of AOMDV is found to be vulnerable with the intrusion of malicious nodes in the network. Simulation results show that, compared to the original AOMDV scheme, our proposed scheme improves considerably the packet delivery ratio and network throughput in the presence of malicious nodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Iris recognition and searching are attractive in biometrics for many reasons. The spatial patterns have been studied and recognized effectively for several years. They are more complex than fingerprints. We suggest here that the relatively new field of Artificial Color filtering can provide an orthogonal discriminant to the spatial pattern discriminant. We also show how to combine results from the two discriminants in such a way as to improve performance of the combined system over either part—something that has been troubling until now. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]