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This study attempted to uncover the characteristics of health information non-seekers among the United States foreign-born population and identify potential predictors of their non-seeking behavior. The trends of foreign-born health information nonseekers over the past twelve years were also examined. Statistical analysis was conducted with two sets of Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) data: HINTS 2 (2005) and HINTS 5 Cycle 1 (2017) datasets. It was found that foreign-born nonseekers differ from foreign-born seekers in terms of a variety of variables including education, income, English proficiency, the uses of Internet and social media, ownership of digital devices, ownership of health insurance, perceived health status, and level of trust in health information sources. Among them, education, Internet use, and trust in online health information were identified as predictors of the foreign-born population's non-seeking of health information. In addition, three variables - race/ethnicity, age, and place of accessing the Internet - which were significant factors in the 2005 dataset, were no longer significant in the 2017 dataset, implying the possible influence of smartphones that reduces Internet accessibility gaps among different racial/ethnic and age groups.

Using the Association for Library and Information Science Education (ALISE) 2018 statistical reports, this study reports the current diversity status of LIS students. The findings are as follows: (1) overall LIS graduates' diversity has improved from 6.79% to 17.47% over the past 30 years, and particularly, the increase in the number of Hispanic graduates is noticeable; (2) however, LIS graduates' diversity does not follow the trends of the US population diversity: whereas 37% of the US population is minority, 17.43% of LIS graduates are minority students; (3) the ratio of LIS minority graduates (17.43%) is lower than the ratio of LIS minority students (20.70%); (4) larger disparities among LIS students are noticed in the most ethnically diverse states; and (5) the rate of minority students among the top ten LIS schools is lower than those of overall LIS schools, except the Asian group.

Introduction: This study investigated trends in the health information-seeking behaviour of the U.S. foreign-born population over a ten-year period and examined whether health information disparities between this population and native-born citizens have decreased. Method: Data were collected from six iterations of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS): HINTS 2 (2005), HINTS 3 (2007), HINTS 4 Cycle 1 (2011), Cycle 2 (2012), Cycle 3 (2013), and Cycle 4 (2014). Analysis: The percentage distribution of all variables across the foreign-born and native-born populations was examined using Chi/squared analysis. Results: Increasing rates of health information-seeking in foreign-born populations as well as Internet use for health information-seeking were observed over the ten-year period. However, compared with the U.S.-born population, the foreign-born population was consistently less likely to seek health information or to use the Internet as its first source for health information and had more difficulty understanding found information. Conclusion. Since the foreign-born population exhibits persistent disparities in accessing and using health information, efforts should be focused on enhancing the accessibility of online health information to this population and improving health information literacy to facilitate use of this information.

Despite the rising interest in open access (OA) diamond journals as a scholarly journal publishing model, their sustainability remains a pressing concern. Using the Open Access Diamond Journals Study (OADJS) Dataset, we examined the characteristics and factors of OA diamond journal publishing that are associated with high sustainability. From 1335 journals, 476 journals with low sustainability and 438 journals with high sustainability were selected and compared. Our analysis revealed that factors such as the region and official language of the publishing country and the discipline, ownership, and financial status of the journal were significantly associated with sustainability. Journals owned by government or national agencies, those with financial stability, and those promoting open practices like unrestricted text and data mining are more likely to be sustainable. This study also discusses the implications of these findings for the future of scholarly publishing and the open science movement. Ultimately, we emphasize the need for national and international support to enhance the sustainability of OA diamond journals and propose that a collective approach involving policymakers, funding agencies, and journal administrators is crucial for fostering a sustainable open access ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to compare characteristics and features of user supplied tags and search query terms for images on the "Flickr" Website in terms of categories of pictorial meanings and level of term specificity. Method: This study focuses on comparisons between tags and search queries using Shatford's categorization schemes and the level of specificity based on the basic level theory. Analysis: Frequency distributions and chi-squared analyses were performed on the data. The results of statistical analyses demonstrated that there were significant differences in categories among tags and different stages of search query terms. The overall distributions of the levels of term specificity also had similar pattern in both tags and search query terms, but statistically significant differences were found between tags and search query terms. Results: The results of this study demonstrated that "Flickr" tags have their own unique features compared to users' queries for image searching. The findings suggest that image tags should not be generally applied to other image collections although they have been considered as useful data in developing a user-centered indexing system. Conclusions: When utilizing user-supplied tags for user-centered indexing systems, it is desirable to consider the functions and users' tasks applied in tags rather than depending on statistical features merely obtained from the tag analysis. (Contains 9 tables and 6 figures.)

Targeted delivery of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to an area of a blood vessel with fluidic flow is hampered by the lack of a suitable real‐time imaging modality for MNPs, the control system complexity, and low targeting performance. Herein, an offline programming guidance (OLPG) scheme for aggregated MNPs is proposed based on a real‐time aggregation volume estimator. The proposed aggregation volume estimator based on a magnetic drug‐targeting simulator reflects volume changes of aggregated MNPs; hence, it can model a magnetic force acting on aggregated MNPs in real time while enhancing targeting performance. The proposed guidance system is evaluated using a simulation testbed and in vitro model of the rat brain, which yields comparable results at different fluid viscosities, flow velocities, target areas, and flow types. The OLPG with the aggregation volume estimator improves targeting performance by 116%–409% compared with the default mode, and by 111%–180% compared to the performance without the aggregation volume estimator. Furthermore, a guidance margin predicts enhanced targeting performance (root‐mean‐square error < 5%) irrespective of the flow environment. The proposed guidance strategy has the potential to overcome the problems caused by the lack of an imaging modality, control‐system complexity, and low targeting performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]