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Reactions of [(p-cymene)RuCl2]2 (1a) with dpmp ((Ph2PCH2)2PPh) in the absence or presence of KPF6 afforded the ionic complexes [{(p-cymene)RuCl2}(dpmp-P1,P3;P2){RuCl(p-cymene)}](X) (2a1: X=Cl; 2a2: X=PF6). A (p-cymene)RuCl moiety constructs a 6-membered ring coordinated by two terminal P atoms of the dpmp ligand and another one binds to a central P atom of the ligand. Reactions of [(C6Me6)RuCl2]2 (1b) with an excess of dpmp in the presence of KPF6 gave a 4-membered complex [(C6Me6)RuCl(dpmp-P1,P2)](PF6) (3b), chelated by a terminal and a central P atom and another terminal atom is free. Use of Ag(OTf) instead of KPF6 gave [{(C6Me6)RuCl2(dpmp)Ag} 2](OTf)2 (5b) that the Ag atoms were coordinated by a terminal and a central P atom of each dpmp ligand. Reaction with an equivalent of dpmp in the presence of KPF6 gave [{(C6Me6)RuCl}(dpmp-P1,P2;P3){(C6Me6)RuCl2}](PF6) 4b. Complex has a structure that the (C6Me6)RuCl2 moiety coordinated to the free P atom of 3b. Complex 3b was treated with MCl2(cod) (M=Pd, Pt), [Pd(MesNC)4](PF6)2 (MesNC=2,4,6-Me3C6H2NC) or [Pt2(XylNC)6](PF6)2 (XylNC=2,6-Me2C6H3NC), generating [{(C6Me6)RuCl(dpmp)}2MCl2](PF6)2 (8b: M=Pd; 9b: M=Pt), [{(C6Me6)RuCl(dpmp)}2{Pt(MesNC)2}](PF6)4 (10b) and [{(C6Me6)RuCl(dpmp)}2{Pt2(XylNC)4}](PF6)4 (11b), respectively. Complex 3b reacted readily with [Cp*MCl2]2 (M=Rh, Ir) or AuCl(SC4H8), affording the corresponding hetero-binuclear complexes [{(C6Me6)RuCl}(dpmp-P1,P2;P3)(MCl2Cp*](PF6) (6b: M=Rh; 7b: M=Ir) and [{(C6Me6)RuCl}(dpmp-P1,P2;P3)(AuCl)](PF6) (12b). These complexes have two chiral centers. Some complexes were separated as two diastereomers by successive recrystallization. The structures of 3b, 5b, 6b, 8b and 12b were confirmed by X-ray analyses.

Reaction of [Cp*RhCl2]2 (1) with bis(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)phenylphosphane (dpmp) in the presence of KPF6 generated the mono- or bi-nuclear complexes [(Cp*RhCl)(dpmp-P,P,P)(RhCl2Cp*)](PF6) (2) or [Cp*RhCl(dpmp-P,P)](PF6) (3), depending on the reaction conditions. These complexes have two chiral centers at Rh and the central P atoms, and the diastereomers were separated by successive recrystallization. The structures of 2(B) with an RRhSP/SRhRP pair and 3(A) with an RRhSP/SRhRP pair were elucidated by X-ray analyses. Reaction of 1 with an excess of dpmp in the presence of Ag(OTf) generated a hetero-tetranuclear complex [{Cp*RhCl2(dpmp-P,P,P)Ag}2](OTf)2 (4). An X-ray analysis revealed that each Cp*RhCl2 moiety is connected by a terminal P1 atom of the dpmp ligand and each Ag atom is two-coordinate and is surrounded by another terminal P3 atom, and a central P*2 atom of the other dpmp ligand. A mixture of 1 and dpmp was treated with Au(SC4H8) or CuCl in the presence of KPF6, generating the hetero-tetranuclear complexes [{Cp*RhCl2(dpmp-P,P,P)M}2](PF6)2 (7: M = Au; 8: M = Cu), in which the structures, except for the Cl-bridged structure of 8, are fundamentally similar to that of 4. These complexes were also prepared by the reactions of 3 with Au(SC4H8) or CuCl. Complex 3 reacted with AgOTf to afford [Cp*Rh(dpmp-P,P,P)](OTf)2 (5). Treatment of 3(A) (a diastereomer with an RRhSP2/SRhRP2 pair) with 1, [(p-cymene)RuCl2]2 or PdCl2(cod) gave [Cp*RhCl(dpmp-P,P,P)RhCl2Cp*](PF6) (2) or [Cp*RhCl(dpmp-P,P,P)RuCl2(p-cymene)](PF6) (6), respectively. These addition reactions proceeded stereoselectively. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)

Reaction of [Cp*MCl 2 ] 2 ( 1a : M=Rh and 1b : M=Ir) or [(C 6 Me 6 )RuCl 2 ] 2 ( 1c ) with bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylphosphine (dpmp) in the presence of KPF 6 generated mono- or dinuclear complexes [Cp*RhCl(dpmp)](PF 6 ) ( 2a ), [(C 6 Me 6 )RuCl(dpmp)](PF 6 ) ( 5c ), [Cp*MCl 2 (dpmp)MClCp*](PF 6 ) ( 3a : M=Rh and 4b : M=Ir) or [(C 6 Me 6 )RuCl 2 (dpmp)RuCl(C 6 Me 6 )](PF 6 ) ( 6c ), depending on reaction conditions. These complexes have two chiral centers and the diastereomers were separated and characterized by spectrometry and X-ray analyses. A diastereomer 2a ( A ) was treated with AuCl(C 4 H 8 S), generating a hetero-tetranuclear complex [{Cp*RhCl 2 (dpmp)Au} 2 ](PF 6 ) 2 ( 7a ), whereas similar reactions of 5c gave dinuclear complex [(C 6 Me 6 )RuCl(dpmp)AuCl](PF 6 ) ( 8c ( A )).

A novel assembly process was developed for ultra-thin chip stacking technology where wafer-level-packaging (WLP) was adopted and combined with chip-on-wafer (CoW) technology. By such assembly process, thin chip handling would be unnecessary in this process. After assembly process, chip thickness within the chip stack could be thinned down to a thickness of 30µm or less than 30µm. Sheet-type molding compound (SMC) was used to achieve the assembly of ultra-thin chip stacking module. The feasibility of this novel assembly was demonstrated and some process issues were also discussed in this investigation.

A closed-loop control system for standing with functional electrical stimulation (FES) using percutaneous intramuscular electrodes in complete paraplegia is described. The system consisted of ultrafine percutaneous intramuscular electrodes, a 32-channel stimulator and a stretch sensor with active current control to detect knee buckling. The closed-loop control system was applied in a T8 completely paraplegic patient. Compared to the stretch sensor with a wide use flexible goniometer for direct current control during standing, the stretch sensor was superior to the flexible goniometer in both ease of use and response. The average time delay from the start of knee buckling until the sensor turned on was 0.56+/-0.19 seconds (Mean+/-S.D.) in the goniometer and 0.21+/-0.06 seconds in the stretch sensor. The average time delay from the start of knee buckling until the recovery from knee buckling was 1.01+/-0.05 seconds in the goniometer and 0.78+/-0.06 seconds in the stretch sensor. The continuous standing ability of the patient increased from 12 minutes with open-loop stimulation to 30 minutes with the closed-loop control. No complications such as falling occurred during clinical use. This system prevented falling due to knee buckling during standing and prolonged upright activities in complete paraplegics.

Wafer thinning has been an important topic in the semiconductor industry. The trend in microelectronic industry is getting thinner and smaller packages. During the process of wafer thinning and sawing, die cracks and thus leading to failures. This problem becomes more significant, when the chip thickness becomes less than 50µm. In this paper, wafer thinning parameters and its effect on the die strength has been reported. A design of experiment (DOE) has been designed to systematically analyze the wafer thinning processes. Established processes for ultra wafer thinning of 40um thickness and die strength characterization results were given in this paper. The wafer sub-surface damages after grinding and stress relieving processed have been reported.

A high-throughput combinatorial strategy enabled us to find a highly active organic–inorganic hybrid catalyst for the production of cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxides. The best hybrid catalyst 1a was prepared by the coupling of 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyltriphenylphosphonium bromide and mesoporous silica, and the organic and inorganic moieties had a synergistic effect on catalytic activity. The pore size of silica was found to be important for catalysis; mesoporous silica with the mean pore size of 19 nm exhibited much better performance than silica with that of 6 nm. The solvent-free and metal-free reactions proceeded successfully under very mild conditions (1 MPa, 90 °C, 1 mol% loading of catalyst, 6 h), and the hybrid catalyst could be recycled ten times.

We report the case of a 68-year-old patient with a traumatic spinal subdural hematoma. MRI demonstrated an area of abnormal intensity and a black line in the inner part of the intradural space. We anti-cipate that MRI will help to make one more confident in the preoper-ative diagnosis of spinal subdural hematoma. The symptoms complet-ely disappeared immediately after the operation. Spinal subdural he-matoma requires immediate surgical evacuation. The prognosis for func-tional recovery is good if the condi-tion is appropriately diagnosed and treated before development of irre-versible paralysis. We recom-mend MRI to make an early diagnos-is and early evacuation of spinal subdural hematoma.

A high-throughput combinatorial strategy enabled us to find a highly active organic–inorganic hybrid catalyst for the production of cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxides. The best hybrid catalyst 1a was prepared by the coupling of 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyltriphenylphosphonium bromide and mesoporous silica, and the organic and inorganic moieties had a synergistic effect on catalytic activity. The pore size of silica was found to be important for catalysis; mesoporous silica with the mean pore size of 19 nm exhibited much better performance than silica with that of 6 nm. The solvent-free and metal-free reactions proceeded successfully under very mild conditions (1 MPa, 90 °C, 1 mol% loading of catalyst, 6 h), and the hybrid catalyst could be recycled ten times.

Reaction of [Cp*IrCl2]2 (1) with dpmp in the presence of KPF6 afforded a binuclear complex [Cp*IrCl(dpmp-P1,P2;P3)IrCl2Cp*](PF6) (2) (dpmp = (Ph2PCH2)2PPh). The mononuclear complex [Cp*IrCl(dpmp-P1,P2)](PF6) (4) was generated by the reaction of [Cp*IrCl2(BDMPP)] (BDMPP = PPh{2,6-(MeO)2C6H3}2) with dpmp in the presence of KPF6. These mono- and binuclear complexes have four-membered ring structures with a terminal and a central P atom of the dpmp ligand coordinated to an iridium atom as a bidentate ligand. Since there are two chiral centers at the Ir atom and a central P2 atom, there are two diastereomers that were characterized by spectrometry. Complexes anti-4 and syn-4 reacted with [Cp*RhCl2]2 or [(C6Me6)RuCl2]2, giving the corresponding mixed-metal complexes, anti- and syn-[Cp*IrCl(dppm-P1,P2;P3)MCl2L](PF6) (6: M = Rh, L = Cp*; 7: M = Ru, L = C6Me6). Treatment with AuCl(SC4H8) gave tetranuclear complexes, anti- and syn-8 [{Cp*IrCl(dppm-P1,P2;P3)AuCl}2](PF6)2 bearing an Au–Au bond. Reaction of anti-4 with PtCl2(cod) generated the trinuclear complex anti-9, anti-[{Cp*IrCl(dppm-P1,P2;P3)}2PtCl2](PF6)2. These reactions proceeded stereospecifically. The P,O-chelated complex syn-[Cp*IrCl(BDMPP-P,O)] (syn-10) (BDMPP-P,O = PPh{2,6-(MeO)2C6H3}{2-O-6-(MeO)C6H3}2) reacted with dpmp in the presence of KPF6, generating the corresponding anti-complex as a main product as well as a small amount of syn-complex, [Cp*Ir(BDMPP-P,O)(dppm-P1)](PF6) (11). The reaction proceeded preferentially with inversion. The reaction processes were investigated by PM3 calculation. anti-11 was treated with MCl2(cod), giving anti-[Cp*Ir(BDMPP-P,O)(dppm-P1;P2,P3)MCl2](PF6) (14: M = Pt; 15: M = Pd), in which the MCl2 moiety coordinated to the two free P atoms of anti-11. The X-ray analyses of syn-2, anti-2, anti-4, anti-8 and anti-11 were performed.