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Although solid appearance on computed tomography and positive findings on positron emission tomography (PET) have been both associated with poor outcome in lung adenocarcinoma, the extent to which these findings overlap is unknown. This study aimed to determine the differences in prognostic significance of PET findings in part-solid nodules (PSNs) and solid nodules.We retrospectively investigated 417 patients with clinical stage IA adenocarcinoma who underwent curative resection between 2010 and 2017. We compared disease-free survival (DFS), cumulative incidence of disease recurrence (CIR) and clinicopathological characters between PET-positive and negative groups among PSNs and solid nodules, respectively. We used 2.5 as a cut-off value of maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max).In PSNs (n = 235), PET-positive group (n = 59) showed more aggressive features in several clinicopathological variables, poorer DFS (P.001) and higher CIR (P.001) than PET-negative group (n = 176). In contrast, in solid nodules (n = 182), DFS (P = .521) and CIR (P = .311) were not significantly different between PET-positive (n = 128) and negative groups (n = 54). SUV max was proved to be the independent prognostic factor of DFS by multivariate analysis (HR, 1.155; 95% CI, 1.036-1.287) only in PSNs.These findings showed distinct impact on prognosis of PET findings between PSNs and solid nodules. PET-positive finding was more important prognostic factor in PSNs than in solid nodules among clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma.

Wake-word detection is an indispensable technology for preventing virtual voice agents from being unintentionally triggered. Although various neural networks were proposed for wake-word detection, less attention has been paid to efficient corpus design, which we address in this study. For this purpose, we collected speech data via a crowdsourcing platform and evaluated the performance of several neural networks when different subsets of the corpus were used for training. The results reveal the following requirements for efficient corpus design to produce a lower misdetection rate: (1) short segments of continuous speech can be used as negative samples, but they are not as effective as random words; (2) utterances of "adversarial" words, i.e., phonetically similar words to a wake-word, contribute to improving performance significantly when they are used as negative samples; (3) it is preferable for individual speakers to provide both positive and negative samples; (4) increasing the number of speakers is better than increasing the number of repetitions of a wake-word by each speaker.

Objective: The coexistence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer. The tumor doubling time (TDT) of lung cancer reflects cancer aggressiveness and is related to its prognosis. However, the relationship between the TDT of lung cancer and underlying ILD has not been fully evaluated. This study aimed to identify this crucial relationship. Materials and Methods: Patients with lung cancer who underwent surgery between 2007 and 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. The propensity score matching method was used to balance the characteristics of patients with ILD (n = 100) and those without ILD (n = 100). TDT was calculated based on the difference of three-dimensional volumes defined from the two-time CT scans before surgery. We compared the TDT of lung cancer and other characteristics between the two groups. Results: The median TDT of all patients was 149 days. The TDT was significantly shorter in patients with ILD (134 days) than in those without (204 days). The rate of short-term tumor enlargement (TDT

Background The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic factors of radiation pneumonitis (RP) after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Patients and Methods A total of 50 patients (36 male and 14 female) were treated with SBRT for 42 primary lung cancers and 8 metastatic lung cancers. SBRT was performed with 48 Gy in 4 fractions to the isocenter or with 40 Gy in 4 fractions covering 95% of the planning target volume. Percentage of low attenuation area (%LAA) was defined as percentage of the lung area with attenuation of −860 Hounsfield units (HU) or lower (%LAA-860) or of −960 HU or lower (%LAA-960). The dosimetric parameter of V 20 Gy , which means percentage volume of the lung receiving 20 Gy or more, was recalculated. RP was assessed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. Results The median follow-up period was 39.0 months (range, 7.2-94.5 months). RP of Grade 0, Grade 1, and Grade 2 to 3 was diagnosed in 11, 29, and 10 patients, respectively. Multivariate analyses (MVA) for Grade 1 showed that higher %LAA-860 and higher %LAA-960 were significantly associated with a lower rate of Grade 1 RP. MVA for Grade 2 to 3 showed that lower Brinkman index and lower lung V 20 Gy were significantly associated with a lower rate of Grade 2 to 3 RP, and, in contrast, %LAA-860 and %LAA-960 had no association with Grade 2 to 3 RP. Conclusion This result suggests that high %LAA is associated with radiological changes (Grade 1) but that %LAA has no correlation with Grade 2 to 3 RP because symptomatic RP might also be affected by other factors.

Short utterances cause performance degradation in conventional speaker recognition systems based on i-vector, which relies on the statistics of spectral features. To overcome this difficulty, we propose a novel method that utilizes the dynamics of the spectral features as well as their distribution. Our model integrates echo state network (ESN), a type of reservoir computing architecture, and self-organizing map (SOM), a competitive learning network. The ESN consists of a single-hidden-layer recurrent neural network with randomly fixed weights, which extracts temporal patterns of the spectral features. The input weights of our model are trained using the unsupervised competitive learning algorithm of the SOM, before enrollment, to extract the intrinsic structure of the spectral features, whereas the input weights are fixed randomly in the original ESN. In enrollment, the output weights are trained in a supervised manner to recognize an individual in a group of speakers. Our experiment demonstrates that the proposed method outperforms or is comparable to a baseline i-vector system for text-independent speaker identification on short utterances.

Purpose Radiographic severity of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) has not been well-studied. The goal of this study was to assess the CT appearance pattern and severity of RILI without consideration of the clinical presentation. Material and methods A total of 49 patients, 41 with primary lung cancer and 8 with metastatic lung cancer, were treated by 4-fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). RILI after SBRT was separately assessed by two observers. The early and late CT appearance patterns and CT-based severity grading were explored. Results The median follow-up period was 39.0 months. In the early CT findings of observers 1 and 2, there was diffuse consolidation in 15 and 8, diffuse ground glass opacity (GGO) in 0 and 0, patchy consolidation and GGO in 17 and 20, patchy GGO in 3 and 3, and no changes in 10 and 14, respectively (kappa = 0.61). In late CT findings of observer 1 and 2, there were modified conventional pattern in 28 and 24, mass-like pattern in 8 and 11, scar-like pattern in 12 and 12, and no changes in 1 and 2, respectively (kappa = 0.63). In the results of the CT-based grading by observers 1 and 2, there were grade 0 in 1 and 2, grade 1 in 10 and 14, grade 2 in 31 and 29, grade 3 in 7 and 4, and none of grade 4 or more, respectively (kappa = 0.66). According to multivariate analyses (MVA), the significant predicting factors of grade 2 or more CT-based RILI were age (p = 0.01), oxygen dependence (p = 0.03) and interstitial shadow (p = 0.03). Conclusions The agreement of the CT appearance and CT-based grading between two observers was good. These indicators may be able to provide us with more objective information and a better understanding of RILI.

Epidermoid cysts are epithelial cysts that present as slow-growing intradermal or subcutaneous lesions. While recent epidemiological studies have isolated human papillomavirus (HPV) from plantar epidermoid cysts, imaging findings in HPV-associated epidermoid cysts have not been previously reported. We describe imaging findings in two patients with HPV-associated plantar epidermoid cysts. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and ultrasonography (US) showed linear arrangement of several adjacent globular cysts. This appearance is hypothesized to result from HPV-associated eccrine duct metaplasia leading to cyst formation and later traumatic rupture leading to formation of multiple adjacent cystic components. It may be useful to suggest assessing the presence of HPV antigen in plantar lesions having these imaging findings.

Vor allem die steigende Komplexitaet der allradgetriebenen Fahrzeuge (Visco-Kupplung, Drehmomentsensor, aktive Drehmomentverteilung, hybrid-elektrischer Allradantrieb etc.) erschwert es zunehmend, sie fuer Kraftstoffverbrauchspruefungen auf Rollenpruefstaenden auf Einachsantrieb (2WD) umzuruesten, wie es in der Praxis bisher immer erforderlich war. Deshalb haben Allrad(4WD)-Rollenpruefstaende in die Verbrauchs- und Emissionsmessung Einzug gehalten. Auf Allradpruefstaenden durchgefuehrte Kraftstoffverbrauchspruefungen zeigten, dass ein Grossteil der aufgetretenen mechanischen Verluste auf den Reifenschlupf zurueckzufuehren ist. Fuer die Reproduzierbarkeit der Pruefungen ist dessen Stabilisierung daher entscheidend. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden Fahr- und Auslaufpruefungen von Toyota Motor Corporation und Horiba, Ltd. nach dem japanischen Modus 10-15 parallel auf einem Allrad-Rollenpruefstand und auf der Strasse durchgefuehrt. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass sich die Belastungen in einem Allrad-Rollenpruefstand stabil regeln lassen. Bei der Pruefung traegt vor allem der Reifenschlupf zum Fahrwiderstand bei. Veraenderungen des Reifenschlupfs korrelieren mit den Schwankungen der Reifentemperatur; dabei zeigen sich innerhalb kurzer Zeitraeume erhebliche Veraenderungen. Wird der Fahrwiderstand auf einem Rollenpruefstand mit einem abweichenden Reifenschlupf eingestellt, hat dies betraechtliche Auswirkungen auf die Reproduzierbarkeit der Kraftstoffverbrauchsmessung. Fuer stabile und genaue Verbrauchsmessungen zeigte sich, dass fuer das Erwaermen von Pruefstand und Fahrzeug ein bestimmtes Verfahren angemessen ist.

Spontaneous regression of lung cancer is a rare phenomenon. We described a case of lung adenocarcinoma size reduction during steroid therapy. In this case, histopathologic findings showed a lung adenocarcinoma surrounded by obstructive pneumonia and inflammatory cell infiltration. Steroid use might have diminished the inflammatory response around the lung cancer, resulting in the apparent shrinkage of the lung cancer. This phenomenon is a potential pitfall in lung cancer diagnosis.

D0-branes on a D2-brane with a constant background B-field are unstable due to the presence of a tachyonic mode and expected to dissolve into the D2-brane to formulate a constant D0-charge density. In this paper we study such a dissolution process in terms of a noncommutative gauge theory. Our results show that the localized D0-brane spreads out over all of space on the D2-brane as the tachyon rolls down into a stable vacuum. D0-branes on a D2-brane can be described as unstable solitons in a noncommutative gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions in the Seiberg-Witten limit. In contrast to the case of annihilation of a non-BPS D-brane, we are free from difficulty of disappearance of DOF, since there exist open strings after the tachyon condensation. We solve an equation of motion of the gauge field numerically, and our results show that the localized soliton smears over all of noncommutative space. In addition, we evaluate distributions of D-brane charge, F-string charge, and energy density via formulas derived in Matrix theory. Our results show that the initial singularities of D0-charge and energy density are resolved by turning on the tachyon, and they disperse over the whole space on the D2-brane during the tachyon condensation process., Comment: 42 pages, 20 figures, JHEP style; references added, clarifications added in section 3.1; references added