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It has been analyzed theoretically and verified experimentally that fixed pattern noise (FPN) is generated by the charge transfer loss when the charge in the CCD imager device generated by photoelectric conversion is imaged with a charge partitioning mode. This is done by removing the unnecessary nonsignal charge and reading out the signal charge. The result shows that the transfer loss due to the removal must be less than 10−4 to achieve even an ordinary picture quality with signal-to-noise (SN) ratio of 60 dB when the signal in the charge partitioning mode is one-tenth the total charge. Furthermore, for a high-quality image with SN ratio above 70 dB, the transfer loss in reading two kinds of charge must be less than 10−5 which is almost a perfect charge transfer.

CCD撮像素子応用の進展にともない, 駆動系を含む論理回路構成の合理化が望まれている.映像期間中の計数動作の状態遷移にともなう過渡電流の集中をグレイコード方式の新計数回路の採用で分散させ, FPNに関して74dB (対信号) 以上の高い抑制を集積回路で実現した.

体重300～400gの中雛にP32 1～10μc/gを投与してP32の内部照射によつて起る各種の障害を観察し次の如き成績を得た. 1) P32の1回投与によつては3μc/g以上で死が起り5μc/gで約80%が10μc/gでは100%が斃死する. 2) 体重増加率は1μc/gのごく軽度の抑制から10μc/gの完全な体重増加の停止まで投与量に応じた抑制を示す. 3) 臓器の重量がP32の投与により変化し, 脾臓, 胸腺, 睾丸では減少が, 肝臓, 心臓, 腎臓は逆に増加することが明かになつた. 4) 採食量は5μc/g以上で抑制を受けるが飲水

The mode of action of tetrodotoxin on the frog muscle fiber membrane has been analyzed with the aid of intracellular microelectrodes. Tetrodotoxin of 10–7 concentration made the applied cathodal current ineffective in producing action potential, whereas the resting potential and resting membrane resistance underwent little or no change. With 10–8 tetrodotoxin the muscle fibers responded with the small action potentials at high critical depolarizations. These results can be explained on the basis of the membrane being stabilized by inactivation of the sodium-carrying mechanism. Although delayed rectification was not observed in normal muscle fibers, it became apparent in the fibers rendered inexcitable by tetrodotoxin. This finding, together with other evidence in the existing literature, supports an applicability of the sodium theory to the frog muscle fibers.

The transfer of "Sr from mother to offspring througFn the placenta during intra-uterine life arnd through mothers milk during nursing was observed in experimentalmice.Three groups of female mice were injected intraperitoneally with 2, uni of "Sr ixr0-5 ml salune solution as a single tracer dose atnd mated at differ"ent intervals after injection.The amounts of"Sr accumulated in the youmng at birth were 0.087, 0.067, and 0.047per cent or the ctose in those derived trorn mice mated t -2 weeks, 2 -3 weeks, ana 4-5weeks after "Sr unjectiort, respectively. From these results, it was apparent that tlaeshorter the interval betvveen injection and parturition, the greater became the "Sr con-tent in the young at birth.In the young brought forth by an "Sr-contamiuaa-ted mother and nursed with herbreast rnulk, the accumulation of "Sr increased rapidly on the 3rd day after birth. The"St retained by the suckling was derived partially frorn placental transfer and partially1f0rT1 mothers milk. Thorn relative contributions by the transplacental and milk-borne"81 taken by the suckling during the nursing period were calculated. The contributionof transplacental "Sr decreased rapidly after birth. On the contrary, that of milk-borne"Sr increased during nursing.

The emission peak of Mn 2+ ions in calcium fluoro-chlorophosphates shifts to longer wavelength with a ratio of fluorine to chlorine ions. From optical and EPR experiments, This is explained qualitatively to be due to a change of distribution of Mn 2+ ions over two non-equivalent calcium lattice sites. The splitting factors were evaluated for both Mn 2+ ions occupying these calcium sites; for the Mn 2+ ions in a trigonal field, g // =2.001±0.001, g ⊥ =2.000±0.001, D =±(439.6±1.0) gauss, a – F =+7.8±1.0 gauss, A =±(97.6±1.0) gauss, B =±(91.3±1.0) gauss, and for the Mn 2+ ions in an equivalent orthorhombic field near halogen ions, g =1.999, D =±497.2 gauss, E =±11.7 gauss, A =±88.6 gauss, on the assumption of isotropy in the g-factor.

放射性降下物(Fallout)の牛乳への移行を研究する基礎の段階として, 家兎およびラットに Sr89 および Ca45 を投与して, Sr が乳に移行する状態を検討した. また投与された Sr および Ca の血中での消長と, 糞および尿への排泄の量的関係を追求した. その結果, 投与された Sr は血液から急速に消失すること, Sr は一般に尿より糞に多く排泄されること(家兎で投与後の24時間を除く), そして哺乳中のラットでは, その差が数倍から数十倍に及ぶことが明らかになった. そして Carrier-free の Sr では, 投与量の21%が10日間に排泄されるのに対し, Carrier を加えたものでは, これが53.1%であった. 乳中の Sr89 の濃度は, 血中濃度にくらべて非常に高い. これは血中の Ca 濃度と, 乳中の Ca 濃度との大差に由来するものと推定された. 一回注射によって投与されると, Sr の乳への移行は, 血中での消長と同様に, 急速に減少すること, また連続同量投与がくりかえされると, 乳への移行量は漸増することがわかった. さらに飲料水に Sr89 を混合して経口的に摂取させ, 乳への移行を経時的に追求した. その結果, 摂取量の約10%が吸収され, そのうち約20%が乳に移行するものと推定された. またこのとき, 飲料水に非放射性の Ca が大量に加えられると, 乳への移行が抑制される. しかし同様に非放射性の Sr が加えられても, 乳への移行は抑制されないことがわかった. 乳中の Sr が, 化学的にいかなる形で存在しているかを, 種々の方法で検討した. その結果, 大部分は乳中のカゼインと結合していることが明らかとなった. このことから, 乳製品への Sr の移行に一つの方向が考えられるので, in vitro で家兎乳および牛乳に Sr89, Ca45 および Y90 を付加して実験した. またこれらを付加した牛乳を超遠心分離にかけ, レンネットで凝固させて実験した. これによって, 付加された Sr89 も Ca45 も, 生体を通過したものと同様に, カゼインと結合すること, およびレンネット凝固によって, カゼイン側, すなわちチーズ側に移行することが確かめられた. さらにこれらの場合に, 非放射性の Sr または Ca が, 同時に大量に加えられたとき, カゼインへの移行が, 量的にどのように変化するかを検討した. そしてこの現象が, 汚染牛乳の除毒に役立つ可能性について考察した.

In the preceding articles (1-4), a dual mode of paralyzing action of candicine (maltoxin) on the frog muscles was reported, i.e., an overall depolarization of the muscle fiber membrane and a depression of sensitivity of the endplate membrane to acetylcholine. On the other hand, candicine has been known as a nicotine-like drug without any detail analysis (5-17). Present experiments have been carried out to elucidate the mode of the ganglion stimulating action of candicine in comparison with some other ganglionic stimulants.

Maltoxin, an amine obtained from brew malt rootlet, has been reported to have a strong contrac ile effect on the frog rec us muscle (1). Crystalline powder of maltoxin hydrochloride was isolated from the crude component, and was found to produce a peripheral paralysis in the frog. This peripheral action of maltoxin was revealed to be an effect on the neuromuscular junction. In the present paper the effect of maltoxin on the nerve-sartorius and the rec us muscle preparations of the frog is described.

Maltoxin, an amine obtained from brew malt rootlet, causes a neuromuscular block in the frog. Its mode of action on the frog's sartorius muscle has been studied mainly with the aid of intracellular microelectrodes. Maltoxin of 10–5 concentration caused an over-all depolarization of the muscle fibers; therefore, direct and indirect stimulations of the muscle were ineffective in producing muscle action potential. Progressive repolarization took place thereafter and the muscle became excitable by direct stimulation, though indirect stimulation remained ineffective for a long period of time. Small end-plate potentials observed could not be explained in terms of depolarization. It was found that the sensitivity of the end-plate membrane to acetylcholine was effectively depressed by maltoxin, and that this is responsible for the persistent neuromuscular block. The initial over-all depolarization caused by maltoxin was fairly antagonized by a previous treatment with d-tubocurarine. It is concluded that maltoxin has a dual mode of action, having some resemblance to acetylcholine, decamethonium, succinylcholine and nicotine.

In the previous paper (1), it was reported that HCl-ethanol extract obtained from wheat gluten malt rootlet exhibited potent toxicity against mouse. In connection to the finding, further experiments have been carried out employing brew malt rootlet as a test material. As it has been known, the rootlet contains various amines, such as hordenine, choline, betaine, tyramine and N-methyltyramine, some of which exert certain pharmacological activities (2-10). During the course of our present studies, another amine was found in the HCl-ethanol extract of the brew malt rootlet. Differing from other amines noted, the amine, named “maltoxin, ” was revealed to exhibit a strong contractile activity on the rectus muscle of frog. In this paper the method of preparation and some of the chemical and pharmacological properties of this active principle are described.

フィールド蓄積モードを用いたインターライン転送方式CCDに適用できる新構成の単板カラー化方式を提案し, そのカラー撮像評価を行った.フィールド蓄積モードを用いた新らしい単板カラー化方式により, 等価残像がなくなり, 垂直限界解像度付近でのフリッカーが軽減され, 総合画質にすぐれたカラー再生画像を得ることができた.