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Introduction Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a form of stroke in which blood flows into the intracerebral parenchyma, with high risks of death and long-term disability (Ziai and Carhuapoma 2018). As [...], Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a kind of fatal stroke with the highest mortality and morbidity in the world. To date, there is no effective treatment strategy for ICH. Curcumin, a major active ingredient of Curcuma longa L., possesses a potential anti-inflammatory activity in many types of disease. In the current study, the mechanism underlying curcumin attenuated ICH-induced neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation was explored. Herein, we studied that curcumin decreased brain edema and improved neurological function by using brain edema measurement, assessment of neurological-deficient score, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting analyses after ICH. The results showed that curcumin improved ICH-induced neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation. Functionally, the polarization of microglia was assessed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting analyses after ICH in the absence or presence of curcumin. The results suggested that the M1-type microglia were activated after ICH, while the effect was blocked by curcumin treatment, suggesting that curcumin alleviates the neuroinflammation and apoptosis of neurons by suppressing the M1-type polarization of microglia. Mechanically, M1 polarization of microglia was regulated by JAK1/STAT1, and the activation of JAK1/STAT1 was blocked by curcumin. Meanwhile, the protective function of curcumin can be blocked by RO8191, an activator of JAK1. Taken together, our study suggested that curcumin improved the ICH-induced brain injury through alleviating M1 polarization of microglia/macrophage and neuroinflammation via suppressing the JAK1/STAT1 pathway. Key words: intracerebral hemorrhage, inflammation, microglia, curcumin, JAK1/STAT1 pathway L'hémorragie intracérébrale (HIC) est un type d'accident vasculaire cérébral fatal auquel on associe une mortalité et une morbidité des plus élevées au monde. ?€ ce jour, il n'existe aucune stratégie de traitement efficace de l'HIC. La curcumine, un ingrédient actif majeur de Curcuma longa L., exerce une activité anti-inflammatoire potentielle dans de nombreux types de maladies. Dans la présente étude, les auteurs ont exploré le mécanisme qui sous-tend l'atténuation par la curcumine de l'apoptose neuronale et de la neuroinflammation induites par l'HIC. Ils ont étudié ici la diminution de l'cedème cérébral et l'amélioration de la fonction neurologique induites par la curcumine en utilisant la mesure de l'cedème cérébral, l'évaluation du score de déficience neurologique, l'immunofluorescence et les analyses de transfert Western après une HIC. Les résultats montrent que la curcumine diminue l'apoptose neuronale et la neuroinflammation induites par l'HIC. D'un point de vue fonctionnel, la polarisation de la microglie a été évaluée par immunofluorescence et par des analyses de transfert Western après une HIC en l'absence ou en présence de curcumine. Les résultats suggèrent que la microglie de type M1 était activée après l'HIC, tandis que l'effet était bloqué par le traitement à la curcumine, ce qui suggère que la curcumine atténue la neuroinflammation et l'apoptose des neurones en supprimant la polarisation de type M1 de la microglie. Du point de vue du mécanisme, la polarisation M1 de la microglie était régulée par JAK1/STAT1 et l'activation de JAK1/STAT1 était bloquée par la curcumine. Parallèlement, la fonction protectrice de la curcumine peut être bloquée par le RO8191, un activateur de JAK1. L'ensemble de cette étude suggère que la curcumine diminue les lésions cérébrales induites par l'HIC en atténuant la polarisation M1 de la microglie/macrophage et la neuroinflammation par la suppression de la voie JAK1/STAT1. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés: hémorragie intracérébrale, inflammation, microglie, curcumine, voie JAK1/STAT1

Adding passive components in a conventional IGBT gate driver is a simple method to reduce transient current/voltage spikes during switching, but the extra devices and power loss make them less attractive. Alternatively, active gate drivers can improve the switching behavior, but are limited to specific devices and applications from the increased complexity of functions and feedback topology. This article reports a simple design for a general purpose gate driver methodology to reduce the peak reverse recovery current and over-voltage. The proposed topology was verified using a foundry 0.25-μm BCD technology and experimental testing Remarkable improvements of crucial current overshoot during turn-on, voltage overshoot during turn-off, and the associated switching loss are demonstrated using novel dual-phase turn-on and turn-off gate controls.

The adhesion of dust particles on the surface of the dust collector tends to cause great resistance to the dust collector and affects the operating efficiency. In order to visualize particles in the filtration process and to grasp the mechanism of particle viscosity and sphericity on filtration performance, a numerical simulation study was conducted to investigate the deposition behavior of particles during filtration, employing FLUENT-EDEM coupling technology. By examining the deposition process, the role of particle characteristics on dust behavior within the entire filtration system was elucidated. The effects of varying particle surface energy and particle sphericity on filtration pressure drop and cake porosity were analyzed. The findings reveal that under the force of the air, particles on the surface of the filter membrane experience compaction, leading to a reduction in the porosity of the formed cake layer. The diminution of porosity serves to impede the air, consequently augmenting the pressure drop across the filtration system and hindering the operational efficacy of the dust collector. As the surface energy of the particles increases, the adhesive forces between particles are intensified, leading to an elevation in the porosity of the cake layer and a subsequent decrease in the pressure drop. When the surface energy of the particles is increased from 0.01 J/m2 to 0.04 J/m2, the porosity experiences a modest increase of only 9.1%, yet the pressure drop is significantly reduced by half, amounting to a decrease of 1594 Pa. Under high particle surface energy, as filtration air velocity increases, particles are compressed, resulting in a decrease in cake porosity and an increase in pressure drop. Concurrently, our findings indicate that as the sphericity of particles increases, their surfaces become increasingly smooth which in turn results in a decreased porosity of the cake layer and, consequently, an elevation in the filtration pressure drop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital shearography is a technique that has recently been applied to material inspections that cannot be performed by the naked eyes, including the detection of air bubble defects in tires. Although digital shearography detects bubbles that are not visible to the naked eyes, the process of determining tire defects still relies on field operators, with inconsistent results depending on the experiences of the field operator personnel. New or different types of bubble defects that AI models have not previously recognized are often missed, resulting in an inadequate quality detection model. In this paper, we propose a bubble defect detection method based on an incremental YOLO architecture. The data for this research was provided by the largest tire manufacturer in Taiwan. In our research, we classify the defects into six distinct categories, pre-process the images to allow better detections of less-noticeable defects, increase the amount of training data used, and generate an initial training model with the YOLO framework. We also propose an incremental YOLO method using small-model training for previously unobserved defects to improve the model detection rate. We have observed detection accuracy and sensitivity of 98% and 90% in the experimental results, respectively. The methods proposed in this paper can assist tire manufacturers in achieving semi-automatic quality inspections and labor cost reductions.

Background Environmental sustainability has been brought into the limelight due to the global climate crisis. This crisis is driven by human activities and even the healthcare sector is no exception. Within dentistry, orthodontics is a large global market; hence, the use of post-orthodontic retainers has a significant environmental footprint. The aim of this study was to determine the environmental sustainability of post-orthodontic retention using Hawley and Essix retainers. Materials and methods A comparative life-cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out to compare the environmental impact of both retainers. All inputs and outputs were accounted for using the Ecoinvent database, v3.7.1, and openLCA software. Sixteen impact categories were used to determine their environmental burden. Results Of the 16 impact categories, the Hawley had a greater environmental burden than the Essix retainer in 12 categories. The Hawley's most significant contributors to its impact values are factory manufacturing and in-house production, with an average of 41.45% and 52.52%, respectively. For the Essix, the greatest contributor is factory manufacturing, with an average of 64.63%. However, when factoring in the lifespan of the retainers, the Essix would have a greater environmental impact than the Hawley retainer. Limitations This study employed a comparative LCA. There were also assumptions made, but these were supported by research. Conclusions On the basis of the evidence gathered in this study, Hawley retainers are more environmentally sustainable than Essix retainers. These results would better enable clinicians to factor in the environmental impact and make informed decisions on the choice of retainer type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]