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Females with existing high‐risk HPV (HR‐HPV) infections remain at risk of subsequent multiple or recurrent infections, on which benefit from HPV vaccines was under‐reported. We pooled individual‐level data from four large‐scale, RCTs of AS04‐HPV‐16/18 vaccine to evaluate efficacy and immunogenicity in females DNA‐positive to any HR‐HPV types at first vaccination. Females receiving the AS04‐HPV‐16/18 vaccine in the original RCTs constituted the vaccine group in the present study, while those unvaccinated served as the control group. Vaccine efficacy (VE) against new infections and associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+ in females DNA‐negative to the considered HR‐HPV type but positive to any other HR‐HPV types, VE against reinfections in females DNA‐positive to the considered HR‐HPV type but cleared naturally during later follow‐up, and levels of anti‐HPV‐16/18 IgG were assessed. Our final analyses included 5137 females (vaccine group = 2532, control group = 2605). The median follow‐up time was 47.88 months (IQR: 45.72‐50.04). For the prevention of precancerous lesions related to the non‐infected HR‐HPV types at baseline, VE against HPV‐16/18 related CIN 2+ was 82.70% (95% CI: 63.70‐93.00%). For the prevention of reinfections related to the infected HR‐HPV types following natural clearance, VE against HPV‐16/18 12MPI was non‐significant (p >.05), albeit robust immunity persisted for at least 48 months. Females with existing HR‐HPV infections at first vaccination still benefit from vaccination in preventing precancers related to the non‐infected types at baseline. VE against reinfections related to the infected types following natural clearance remains to be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hole transport layer‐free, carbon‐based, all‐inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have exhibited great potential in photovoltaic applications owing to their low cost and excellent thermal stability. However, the low power conversion efficiency (PCE) hampers its development, mainly due to the existence of defects inside the CsPbI3 film or at TiO2 electron transport layer/CsPbI3 interface. Herein, these issues were addressed through a facile TiO2 post‐treatment strategy using 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6) ionic liquid. First, BMIMPF6 can passivate TiO2/CsPbI3 interface defects by forming strong bond between the electron‐rich N atoms and uncoordinated ions. Second, BMIMPF6‐modified TiO2 shows reduced hydrophilicity, inducing decreased heterogeneous nucleation and is favorable for obtaining high‐quality CsPbI3 film. Thirdly, the non‐volatile BMIMPF6 can diffuse to the perovskite film surface during annealing, further passivating defects located at perovskite grain boundaries and surface. Based on this one‐step ionic liquid interface‐to‐bulk modification, the modified device achieves a champion PCE of 15.09%, which is 14% higher than the control device (13.27%). In addition, the modified device also shows enhanced long‐term stability, which remains 96% of initial PCE after 30 days storage in dry air. The work demonstrates the superiority of multifunctional ionic liquid applied to all‐inorganic carbon‐based PSCs, providing a guidance for its commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three dimensional nano-structures often exhibit excellent functional properties. In this work, MoS2 nanosheet flowers were hydrothermally prepared, and carboxylated gold nanoparticles were then self-assembled on the MoS2 nanosheet flowers. The results show that MoS2 NSFs with a diameter of 200 nm were composed of MoS2 nanosheets, and Au NPs are distributed on its surface. A MoS2 NSF-Au NP suspension was sprayed onto an indium tin oxide coated glass surface as an electrode for the detection of levodopa in the presence of uric acid. The results show that the electrode has ultra-high sensitivity of $2.64~\mu \text{A}$. $\mu \text{M}^{-1}$.cm−2, low limit of detection (LOD) ($0.04~\mu \text{M}$ , S/N = 3), good anti-interference, repeatability, reproducibility and stability. Moreover, it shows satisfactory results in real-life urine samples, illustrating the potential application to the field of clinical medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: MoS2, a novel inorganic graphene analogues with typical two‐dimensional structure, has attracted increasing interest in various fields. MoS2‐based hybrid plasmonic structures have been extensively investigated as higher quality surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. Herein, we have designed a three‐dimensional (3D) MoS2 nanospheres (NSs) based hybrid nanostructure as SERS sensor by decorating Au nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of 3D MoS2‐NSs (3D MoS2‐NS@Au‐NPs). 3D MoS2‐NSs acts as (a) a stable scaffold for Au NPs decoration via microwave‐irradiation hydrothermal process, (b) a chemical mechanism source for Raman enhancement, and (c) a 3D spatial structure for generation of more effective hot spots due to Au coupling effect and supply larger surface area for adsorbing probe molecules. The 3D MoS2‐NS@Au‐NPs hybrid structure exhibits 56‐fold improvement on enhancement factor compared to two‐dimensional MoS2‐NST@Au‐NPs hybrid structures. SERS performance was easily and effectively optimized with the tuning of the density and sizes of Au NPs. The optimized 3D MoS2‐NS@Au‐NPs was applied as SERS sensor for melamine detection in milk. Quantitative detection was realized in the range of 1 ppb–10 ppm with a linear coefficient of .997. Excellent sensitivity of 1 ppb and uniformity of 10.12% relative standard deviation was achieved, which could meet the demand for melamine detection as prescribed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new, feasible, and highly efficient platform was developed using self-assembly of (3-aminopropyl) diethoxymethylsilane (ATES) to create metallic oxide-based noble metal nanoparticle hybrid materials. The ex situ approach for fabricating 1D MoO3-nanowires (MoO3-NWs) or ZnO-nanorods (ZnO-NRs) @Au-nanoparticles (Au-NPs) hybrid surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates not only provides a simple route for the decoration of noble metal nanoparticle on metallic oxide nanomaterials, but also realizes the controllable assembly/co-assembly of pre-synthesized nanoparticles with distinctively different sizes, compositions, shapes, and properties. Control over the self-assembly synthesis for morphology and SERS activity was demonstrated by several parameters: (i) coupling agent of ATES, (ii) ATES content, (iii) Au-NPs content, (iv) Au-NP sizes, and (v) other metallic oxide such as ZnO-NRs. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method was employed to visualize the enhancement mechanism distribution of the hybrid substrate. Furthermore, the optimized MoO3-NW@Au-NPs SERS substrate manifests high SERS sensitivity to melamine with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 ppb (0.08 nM) and excellent uniformity (RSD = 9.26%). The LOD was much lower than the maximal residue limit (MRL) of 2.5 ppm in food prescribed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]