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Leaf color variations in tea plants were widely considered due to their attractive phenotypes and characteristic flavors. The molecular mechanism of color formation was extensively investigated. But few studies focused on the transformation process of leaf color change. In this study, four strains of 'Baijiguan' F1 half-sib generation with similar genetic backgrounds but different colors were used as materials, including Green (G), Yellow-Green (Y-G), Yellow (Y), and Yellow-Red (Y-R). The results of broadly targeted metabolomics showed that 47 metabolites were differentially accumulated in etiolated leaves (Y-G, Y, and Y-R) as compared with G. Among them, lipids were the main downregulated primary metabolites in etiolated leaves, which were closely linked with the thylakoid membrane and chloroplast structure. Flavones and flavonols were the dominant upregulated secondary metabolites in etiolated leaves, which might be a repair strategy for reducing the negative effects of dysfunctional chloroplasts. Further integrated analysis with the transcriptome indicated different variation mechanisms of leaf phenotype in Y-G, Y, and Y-R. The leaf color formation of Y-G and Y was largely determined by the increased content of eriodictyol-7-O-neohesperidoside and the enhanced activities of its modification process, while the color formation of Y-R depended on the increased contents of apigenin derivates and the vigorous processes of their transportation and transcription factor regulation. The key candidate genes, including UDPG, HCT, CsGSTF1, AN1/CsMYB75, and bHLH62, might play important roles in the flavonoid pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work further investigates the heterogeneous alloyed PdPtCu nanoflower clusters (PdPtCu NVFs) mediated photo-Fenton and photothermal synergistic catalysis for dye elimination. [Display omitted] • Synthesized heterogeneous alloyed PdPtCu nanoflower clusters (PdPtCu NVFs) mediated photothermal and photo-Fenton synergistic catalysis for dye elimination. • Increased dye degradation by PdPtCu NVFs under NIR laser irradiation. • Reusable nano-catalyst has great potential for organic sewage treatment. This study primarily employed a one-step reduction method to synthesize palladium-platinum-copper nanovelvet flowers (PdPtCu NVFs). PdPtCu NVFs are multi-branched nanomaterials composed of nanosynapses that radiate in different directions. Their unique structure and incorporation of three metallic elements contribute to their outstanding Fenton catalytic vitality and photothermal performance. Characterizations for PdPtCu NVFs were conducted by using transmission electron microscope (TEM), electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. Under near-infrared light, PdPtCu NVFs rapidly reached a temperature of 50 °C. In comparison with conventional photocatalysts, PdPtCu NVFs demonstrated significantly enhanced degradation of organic dyes (methylene blue, MB) degrading due to their superior Fenton catalytic activity. Even after multiple reuse, PdPtCu NVFs still exhibited distinct nanosynapses, along with excellent photothermal stability and Fenton catalytic activity. These results indicate that PdPtCu NVFs possess excellent purifying capabilities for organic wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]