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Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are toxic materials that cause death by contact with the skin or by respiration. Although studies on detoxification of CWAs have been intensively conducted, studies that block CWAs permeation are rare. In this study, for blocking CWAs, a multilayer thin film composed of linear polyethylenimine (LPEI) and graphene oxide (GO) is simply prepared through a spray-assisted Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembly process. LPEI could change its morphology dependent on pH, which is known as a representative hydrogen donor and acceptor. By controlling the shape of the polymer chain, a heterogenous film could have a loose or dense inner structure. CWAs mainly move through diffusion and have hydrogen bonding sites. Therefore, the heterogeneous film can limit CWAs movement based on controlling pathways and hydrogen bonds within the film. The protective effect of this membrane is investigated using dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a nerve gas simulant. DMMP vapor transmittance rate (DVTR) and N2 permeance of LPEI/GO are 67.91 g/m2 and 34293.04 GPU. It means that the protection efficiency is 72.65%. Although this membrane has a thin thickness (100 nm), it shows a high protective effect with good breathability. And water/DMMP selectivity of the membrane is 66.63. Since this multilayer membrane shows efficient protection performance with a simple preparation method, it has a high potential for applications such as protective suits and masks.

The impact of the Korean Wave has reached into communist North Korea, where real-life situations are felt to be particularly constrained and mobility in a variety of capacities and forms becomes all the more important. Despite tight control set by the regime, copies of South Korean TV dramas, movies and music are increasingly smuggled across the border with China into North Korea. This chapter explores the influence of South Korean popular culture in North Korea and social, cultural and political implications in the digital age. It considers the significance of popular culture and information technology as a resource for everyday reflexivity and soft power. Information technology and digital youth make North Korea’s isolation more difficult in the light of new images, concepts and lifestyles from South Korean popular culture.

This introductory chapter maps out the globalization of the Korean Wave popular culture in the digital social media age, especially focusing on the recent success of K-film Parasite, K-pop BTS and K-drama going global through streaming services such as Netflix. It addresses the multifaceted meaning of the Korean Wave at micro and macro levels and the process of media production, representation, circulation and consumption in a global context as a distinctive and complex form of soft power. Popular culture is a potent global force providing significant underpinning for the generation of high value and meaning for the nation at an unprecedented historic moment. As a pronounced example of the crossover of culture, economy and politics, the Korean Wave is seen to be an integral resource for the creation of a dynamic image of the nation through soft power.

Transnational mobility of young people from East Asia has increased massively since the 1990s, and women now constitute a considerable proportion of this cross-border flow and diasporic population. Providing detailed empirical data on Korean, Japanese and Chinese women, this chapter explores the highly visible yet little studied phenomenon of women’s transnational mobility and its relationship to the impact of media consumption in everyday life. It draws attention to the digital media and mediated networks that facilitate women’s transnational movements creating new and complex conditions for identity formation in digital diaspora. The digital media, mostly taken for granted, go along with diasporic subjects. This plausibly powerful capacity of the media, deeply ingrained in what people take for granted, should be recognized in any attempt to understand the present phenomenon of transnational mobility in a digital age.

Based on a long-term ethnographic research on global nannies in Paris, this study presents the complexities of digital media use in the management of personal space and relational life by exploring...

Here we reported a methodology for identification of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglycerols (DAGs) in coix seed by preparative thin layer chromatography (prep-TLC) and non-aqueous reversed-phase liquid chromatography (NARP LC)-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Lipid components were extracted from coix seed by reflux extraction using n-hexane for 3 hr. TAGs and DAGs in coix seed extract were effectively purified and isolated from matrix interferences by prep-TLC and then analyzed by LC-APCI-MS and MS/MS for identification. TAGs were effectively identified taking into consideration of their LC retention behavior, APCI-MS spectra patterns, and MS/MS spectra of [DAG] + ions. In MS/MS spectra of TAGs, diacylglycerol-like fragment [DAG] + ions were useful to identify TAGs with isobaric fragment ions. Based on an established method, 27 TAGs and 8 DAGs were identified in coix seed extract. Among them, 15 TAGs and 8 DAGs were for the first time observed in coix seed. Interestingly, some of TAGs isolated by prep-TLC were partly converted into DAGs through probably photolysis process during storing in room temperature. Thus, degradation phenomenon of TAGs should be considered in the quality evaluation and nutritional property of coix seed. LC-APCI-MS/MS combined with prep-TLC will be practical method for precise TAG and DAG analysis of other herbal plants.

Based on long-term ethnographic research on global nannies in Paris, this study explores the possibilities and limitations of digital media use for minorities, given that more and more young women from the global south engage with digital media. It will argue that transnational relations and practices are not necessarily and inevitably a progressive process, but pose new yet often risky opportunities more than freedoms, or foster a normalization of risk.

This study explores the paradoxes of digital media as place-making practices in the lived and mediated experiences of relatively silent or invisible groups of migrants – educated and highly mobile generations of Korean, Japanese and Chinese women in London. One of the striking features in the transformational nature of international migration today is the salience of provisionality and the nomadic symptom (‘willing to go anywhere for a while’), as evident among the East Asian women in this study. Underlying the processes of circulatory migration flows, modes of social organization and transnational experiences are the accelerated globalization of digital media, Internet and its time–space compressing capacity. As this study will argue, today's circulatory migration and provisional diaspora is significantly enabled, and driven in part, by the strategic and mundane use of mediated cultural spaces, through which movements are not necessarily limited but are likely to increase in their impact, and fur...

Feminization of migration has emerged as a common livelihood strategy to alleviate poverty and escape difficult socio-economic, cultural, and familial situations. Mobile phones have become the most crucial and pervasive communication device that enables migrants to be simultaneously mobile and connected, anytime and anywhere. Is the mobile phone empowering or disempowering as a new form of social control? Based on a long-term ethnographic research on global nannies in Paris, this study presents a case for the importance of the detailed investigation of everyday contexts and power relations to better understand the complexities of mobile phone use in work life. This study will argue that, far from an instrument of empowerment, the mobile phone can work to reinforce already existing power relations and mundane social structures, leading to more unequal and enslaving relationships in work life.