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1. Experiments conducted in the burning plasma regime with inertial fusion implosions

Author

Ross, J. S., Ralph, J. E., Zylstra, A. B., Kritcher, A. L., Robey, H. F., Young, C. V., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Doeppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Pape, S. Le, Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Hopkins, L. Berzak, Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J., Gaffney, J., Johnson, M. Gatu, Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Kleinrath, H. Geppert, Kleinrath, V. Geppert, Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kroll, J. J., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Meezan, N. B., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J. -M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Tubman, E. R., Volegov, P. L., Weber, C. R., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

An experimental program is currently underway at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to compress deuterium and tritium (DT) fuel to densities and temperatures sufficient to achieve fusion and energy gain. The primary approach being investigated is indirect drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF), where a high-Z radiation cavity (a hohlraum) is heated by lasers, converting the incident energy into x-ray radiation which in turn drives the DT fuel filled capsule causing it to implode. Previous experiments reported DT fuel gain exceeding unity [O.A. Hurricane et al., Nature 506, 343 (2014)] and then exceeding the kinetic energy of the imploding fuel [S. Le Pape et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 245003 (2018)]. We report on recent experiments that have achieved record fusion neutron yields on NIF, greater than 100 kJ with momentary fusion powers exceeding 1PW, and have for the first time entered the burning plasma regime where fusion alpha-heating of the fuel exceeds the energy delivered to the fuel via compression. This was accomplished by increasing the size of the high-density carbon (HDC) capsule, increasing energy coupling, while controlling symmetry and implosion design parameters. Two tactics were successful in controlling the radiation flux symmetry and therefore the implosion symmetry: transferring energy between laser cones via plasma waves, and changing the shape of the hohlraum. In conducting these experiments, we controlled for known sources of degradation. Herein we show how these experiments were performed to produce record performance, and demonstrate the data fidelity leading us to conclude that these shots have entered the burning plasma regime.

Published
2021

2. Evidence for suprathermal ion distribution in burning plasmas

Author

Hartouni, E. P., Moore, A. S., Crilly, A. J., Appelbe, B. D., Amendt, P. A., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Clark, D. S., Döppner, T., Eckart, M. J., Field, J. E., Gatu-Johnson, M., Grim, G. P., Hatarik, R., Jeet, J., Kerr, S. M., Kilkenny, J., Kritcher, A. L., Meaney, K. D., Milovich, J. L., Munro, D. H., Nora, R. C., Pak, A. E., Ralph, J. E., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Schlossberg, D. J., Sepke, S. M., Spears, B. K., Young, C. V., and Zylstra, A. B.

Published
2023
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3. The impact of low-mode symmetry on inertial fusion energy output in the burning plasma state

Author

Ralph, J. E., Ross, J. S., Zylstra, A. B., Kritcher, A. L., Robey, H. F., Young, C. V., Hurricane, O. A., Pak, A., Callahan, D. A., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Pape, S. Le, Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Berzak Hopkins, L., Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Biener, J., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J., Gaffney, J., Gatu Johnson, M., Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H. W., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Geppert-Kleinrath, H., Geppert-Kleinrath, V., Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kroll, J. J., Kruse, M. K. G., Kustowski, B., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K. D., Meezan, N. B., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T. J., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J.-M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H. G., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Trosseille, C., Tubman, E. R., Volegov, P. L., Weber, C. R., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Published
2024
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4. Effects of drive pulse shape on graded metal pushered single shell capsule implosions on the National Ignition Facility

Author

Dewald, E. L., primary, MacLaren, S. A., additional, Ho, D. D.-M., additional, Martinez, D. A., additional, Pino, J. E., additional, Tipton, R. E., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Horwood, C., additional, Divol, L., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Moore, A., additional, Vazsonyi, A. R., additional, Mellos, G., additional, Montgomery, W., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Graziani, F., additional, Monzon, E., additional, Prisbrey, S. T., additional, Whitley, H. D., additional, Xu, H., additional, Huang, H., additional, Kong, C., additional, Ratledge, M., additional, Volegov, P., additional, Freeman, M. S., additional, Wilde, C., additional, and Meaney, K., additional

Published
2024
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5. Design of inertial fusion implosions reaching the burning plasma regime

Author

Kritcher, A. L., Young, C. V., Robey, H. F., Weber, C. R., Zylstra, A. B., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Ralph, J. E., Ross, J. S., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Clark, D. S., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Hopkins, L. Berzak, Le Pape, S., Meezan, N. B., Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Biener, J., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J. A., Gaffney, J. A., Johnson, M. Gatu, Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Geppert-Kleinrath, H., Geppert-Kleinrath, V., Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kruse, M. K. G., Kroll, J. J., Kustowski, B., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J.-M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Trosseille, C., Tubman, E. R., Volegov, P. L., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Published
2022
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6. Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion

Author

Zylstra, A. B., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Kritcher, A. L., Ralph, J. E., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Young, C. V., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Le Pape, S., Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Berzak Hopkins, L., Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Biener, J., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J., Gaffney, J., Gatu Johnson, M., Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Geppert Kleinrath, H., Geppert Kleinrath, V., Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kroll, J. J., Kruse, M. K. G., Kustowski, B., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Meezan, N. B., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J.-M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Tubman, E. R., Trosseille, C., Volegov, P. L., Weber, C. R., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Published
2022
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7. Design of first experiment to achieve fusion target gain > 1.

Author

Kritcher, A. L., Schlossberg, D. J., Weber, C. R., Young, C. V., Hurricane, O. A., Dewald, E., Zylstra, A. B., Allen, A., Bachmann, B., Baker, K. L., Baxamusa, S., Braun, T., Brunton, G., Callahan, D. A., Casey, D. T., Chapman, T., Choate, C., Clark, D. S., Nicola, J.-M. G. Di, and Divol, L.

Abstract

A decades-long quest to achieve fusion energy target gain and ignition in a controlled laboratory experiment, dating back to 1962, has been realized at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) on December 5, 2022 [Abu-Shawareb et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 065102 (2024)] where an imploded pellet of deuterium and tritium (DT) fuel generated more fusion energy (3.15 MJ) than laser energy incident on the target (2.05 MJ). In these experiments, laser beams incident on the inside of a cylindrical can (Hohlraum) generate an intense ∼ 3 × 106 million degree x-ray radiation bath that is used to spherically implode ∼ 2 mm diameter pellets containing frozen deuterium and tritium. The maximum fusion energy produced in this configuration to date is 3.88 MJ using 2.05 MJ of incident laser energy and 5.2 MJ using 2.2 MJ of incident laser energy, producing a new record target gain of ∼ 2.4×. This paper describes the physics (target and laser) design of this platform and follow-on experiments that show increased performance. We show robust megajoule fusion energy output using this design as well as explore design modification using radiation hydrodynamic simulations benchmarked against experimental data, which can further improve the performance of this platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. What next: Further implosion space exploration on the path to NIF extended yield capability.

Author

Landen, O. L., Nora, R. C., Lindl, J. D., Kritcher, A. L., Haan, S. W., Rosen, M. D., Pak, A., Divol, L., Baker, K. L., Amendt, P. A., Ho, D. D.-M., Milovich, J. L., Ralph, J. E., Clark, D. S., Humbird, K. D., Hohenberger, M., Weber, C. R., Tommasini, R., Casey, D. T., and Young, C. V.

Subjects
INERTIAL confinement fusion, IMPLOSIONS, SPACE exploration, KINETIC energy, ABLATIVE materials
Abstract

We present quantitative motivations and assessments of various proposed and ongoing directions to further improving yields and target gain of igniting indirect-drive implosions at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). These include increasing compression and confinement time, improving hohlraum and ablator efficiency, and further increasing peak power and laser energy. 1D hydroscaled simulations, augmented by analytic 1D theory, have been used to project yield improvements for each of these implosion optimization tracks, normalized to the best current performing 4 MJ shot. At current NIF capabilities of 2.2 MJ, 450 TW, we project several paths could reach 15 MJ yield levels. We also expect several key implosion physics questions will be addressed in attempting to reach this yield level. These include demonstrating to what extent lower adiabat designs leading to higher compression will increase gain and efficiency, and whether we can reduce residual kinetic energy and ablator-fuel mix that is probably limiting the current burn-up fraction. For an envisaged NIF upgrade to EL = 3 MJ at fixed 450 TW peak power, scaling capsule size and fuel thicknesses faster than pure hydroscaling should allow for yields that could reach up to 60–80 MJ, depending on the efficiency gains realized in increasing deuterium-tritium fuel thickness, reducing hohlraum losses, and switching to lower Z ablators. The laser-plasma instability and beam transmission scaling in these larger hohlraums is shown to be favorable if the spot size is increased with hohlraum scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Energy Principles of Scientific Breakeven in an Inertial Fusion Experiment

Author

Hurricane, O. A., primary, Callahan, D. A., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Christopherson, A. R., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Maclaren, S. A., additional, Nora, R., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Ralph, J., additional, Schlossberg, D., additional, Springer, P. T., additional, Young, C. V., additional, and Zylstra, A. B., additional

Published
2024
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10. Design of the first fusion experiment to achieve target energy gain G>1

Author

Kritcher, A. L., primary, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Divol, L., additional, Hinkel, D. E., additional, Humbird, K., additional, Jones, O., additional, Lindl, J. D., additional, Maclaren, S., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Allen, A., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Braun, T., additional, Brunton, G., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Chapman, T., additional, Choate, C., additional, Dewald, E., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M. G., additional, Edwards, M. J., additional, Haan, S., additional, Fehrenbach, T., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Kur, E., additional, Kustowski, B., additional, Kong, C., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Larson, D., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Marinak, M., additional, Millot, M., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Nora, R., additional, Pak, A., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Ratledge, M., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Sepke, S. M., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Suratwala, T. I., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Town, R., additional, Woodworth, B., additional, Van Wonterghem, B., additional, and Wild, C., additional

Published
2024
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11. Observations and properties of the first laboratory fusion experiment to exceed a target gain of unity

Author

Pak, A., primary, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Dewald, E., additional, Divol, L., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Aybar, N., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Bionta, R. M., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, H., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, V., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Moody, J. D., additional, Aghaian, L., additional, Allen, A., additional, Baxamusa, S. H., additional, Bhandarkar, S. D., additional, Biener, J., additional, Birge, N. W., additional, Braun, T., additional, Briggs, T. M., additional, Choate, C., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Crippen, J. W., additional, Danly, C., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Durocher, M., additional, Erickson, M., additional, Fehrenbach, T., additional, Freeman, M., additional, Havre, M., additional, Hayes, S., additional, Hilsabeck, T., additional, Holder, J. P., additional, Humbird, K. D., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Kerr, S. M., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Kim, Y. H., additional, Kong, C., additional, Jeet, J., additional, Kozioziemski, B., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Lamb, K. M., additional, Lemos, N. C., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Mackinnon, A. J., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Marley, E. V., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M. G., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Nora, R., additional, Ratledge, M., additional, Ross, J. S., additional, Shin, S. J., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Stoupin, S., additional, Suratwala, T., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Van Wonterghem, B., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Wild, C., additional, Wilde, C., additional, Wooddy, P. T., additional, Woodworth, B. N., additional, and Young, C. V., additional

Published
2024
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12. Hohlraum Reheating from Burning NIF Implosions

Author

Rubery, M. S., primary, Rosen, M. D., additional, Aybar, N., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Divol, L., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Weber, C., additional, Hammer, J., additional, Moody, J. D., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Hurricane, O., additional, Pak, A. E., additional, MacLaren, S., additional, Zimmerman, G., additional, Harte, J., additional, and Woods, T., additional

Published
2024
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13. Publisher Correction: Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion

Author

Zylstra, A. B., Hurricane, O. A., Callahan, D. A., Kritcher, A. L., Ralph, J. E., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Young, C. V., Baker, K. L., Casey, D. T., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Hohenberger, M., Le Pape, S., Pak, A., Patel, P. K., Tommasini, R., Ali, S. J., Amendt, P. A., Atherton, L. J., Bachmann, B., Bailey, D., Benedetti, L. R., Berzak Hopkins, L., Betti, R., Bhandarkar, S. D., Biener, J., Bionta, R. M., Birge, N. W., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Braun, T., Briggs, T. M., Bruhn, M. W., Celliers, P. M., Chang, B., Chapman, T., Chen, H., Choate, C., Christopherson, A. R., Clark, D. S., Crippen, J. W., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Farmer, W. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D., Frenje, J., Gaffney, J., Gatu Johnson, M., Glenzer, S. H., Grim, G. P., Haan, S., Hahn, K. D., Hall, G. N., Hammel, B. A., Harte, J., Hartouni, E., Heebner, J. E., Hernandez, V. J., Herrmann, H., Herrmann, M. C., Hinkel, D. E., Ho, D. D., Holder, J. P., Hsing, W. W., Huang, H., Humbird, K. D., Izumi, N., Jarrott, L. C., Jeet, J., Jones, O., Kerbel, G. D., Kerr, S. M., Khan, S. F., Kilkenny, J., Kim, Y., Geppert Kleinrath, H., Geppert Kleinrath, V., Kong, C., Koning, J. M., Kroll, J. J., Kruse, M. K. G., Kustowski, B., Landen, O. L., Langer, S., Larson, D., Lemos, N. C., Lindl, J. D., Ma, T., MacDonald, M. J., MacGowan, B. J., Mackinnon, A. J., MacLaren, S. A., MacPhee, A. G., Marinak, M. M., Mariscal, D. A., Marley, E. V., Masse, L., Meaney, K., Meezan, N. B., Michel, P. A., Millot, M., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J. D., Moore, A. S., Morton, J. W., Murphy, T., Newman, K., Di Nicola, J.-M. G., Nikroo, A., Nora, R., Patel, M. V., Pelz, L. J., Peterson, J. L., Ping, Y., Pollock, B. B., Ratledge, M., Rice, N. G., Rinderknecht, H., Rosen, M., Rubery, M. S., Salmonson, J. D., Sater, J., Schiaffino, S., Schlossberg, D. J., Schneider, M. B., Schroeder, C. R., Scott, H. A., Sepke, S. M., Sequoia, K., Sherlock, M. W., Shin, S., Smalyuk, V. A., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Stadermann, M., Stoupin, S., Strozzi, D. J., Suter, L. J., Thomas, C. A., Town, R. P. J., Tubman, E. R., Trosseille, C., Volegov, P. L., Weber, C. R., Widmann, K., Wild, C., Wilde, C. H., Van Wonterghem, B. M., Woods, D. T., Woodworth, B. N., Yamaguchi, M., Yang, S. T., and Zimmerman, G. B.

Published
2022
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14. Dynamics and Power Balance of Near Unity Target Gain Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions

Author

Pak, A., primary, Divol, L., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Birge, N. W., additional, Bionta, R., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Dewald, E. L., additional, Doeppner, T., additional, Freeman, M. S., additional, Fittinghoff, D. N., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, V., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, H., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Holder, J., additional, Kerr, S., additional, Kim, Y., additional, Kozioziemski, B., additional, Lamb, K., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Meaney, K. D., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Stoupin, S., additional, Volegov, P., additional, Wilde, C., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, and Town, R. P. J., additional

Published
2023
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15. Publisher's Note: “First graded metal pushered single shell capsule implosions on the National Ignition Facility” [Phys. Plasmas 29, 052707 (2022)]

Author

Dewald, E. L., primary, MacLaren, S. A., additional, Martinez, D. A., additional, Pino, J. E., additional, Tipton, R. E., additional, Ho, D. D.-M., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Horwood, C., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Hartouni, E. P., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Millot, M., additional, Vazsonyi, A. R., additional, Vonhof, S., additional, Mellos, G., additional, Johnson, S., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Graziani, F., additional, Monzon, E. R., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Alessi, D., additional, Ayers, S., additional, Hall, G. N., additional, Holder, J., additional, Kalantar, D., additional, MacKinnon, A. J., additional, Okui, J., additional, Prantil, M., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M., additional, Lanier, T., additional, Thomas, A., additional, Yang, S., additional, Xu, H. W., additional, Huang, H., additional, Bae, J., additional, Kong, C. W., additional, Rice, N., additional, Wang, Y. M., additional, Volegov, P., additional, Freeman, M. S., additional, and Wilde, C., additional

Published
2023
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16. Time-synchronized laser-induced fluorescence in the near-field of a 600 Watt Hall thruster.

Author

Young, C. V., Lucca Fabris, A., MacDonald-Tenenbaum, N. A., Hargus, W. A., and Cappelli, M. A.

Subjects
*HALL effect thruster, *ION migration & velocity, *SIGNAL processing, *GAS chambers, *TESTING laboratories, *LASER-induced fluorescence
Abstract

We report on the results of an experimental campaign to measure time-varying velocity distributions in the near-field of a low power Hall thruster. We employ a sample-hold technique, enhanced by parallelizing the measurement hardware into several signal processing channels that vastly increases the data acquisition rate. The measurements are applied to study flow field dynamics in a commercial BHT-600 Hall thruster undergoing unforced breathing mode oscillations in the 44–49 kHz range. A very detailed experimental picture of the near-field emerges from these studies. The results indicate that velocity fluctuations lessen further downstream of the exit plane. Along the thruster axis where there is a general appearance of a central jet, there is evidence of a low velocity ion population in between the periodic bursts of high velocity ions, indicative of local ionization of neutrals outside of the thruster. One possible source of this residual ionization may be background chamber gas, which is not unexpected with the limited pumping capacity of ground test facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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19. Evidence for suprathermal ion distribution in burning plasmas

Author

Hartouni, E. P., primary, Moore, A. S., additional, Crilly, A. J., additional, Appelbe, B. D., additional, Amendt, P. A., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Eckart, M. J., additional, Field, J. E., additional, Gatu-Johnson, M., additional, Grim, G. P., additional, Hatarik, R., additional, Jeet, J., additional, Kerr, S. M., additional, Kilkenny, J., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Meaney, K. D., additional, Milovich, J. L., additional, Munro, D. H., additional, Nora, R. C., additional, Pak, A. E., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Robey, H. F., additional, Ross, J. S., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Sepke, S. M., additional, Spears, B. K., additional, Young, C. V., additional, and Zylstra, A. B., additional

Published
2022
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20. Experimental achievement and signatures of ignition at the National Ignition Facility

Author

Zylstra, A. B., primary, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Pak, A., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Berzak Hopkins, L., additional, Bhandarkar, S. D., additional, Biener, J., additional, Bionta, R. M., additional, Birge, N. W., additional, Braun, T., additional, Briggs, T. M., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Chen, H., additional, Choate, C., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Divol, L., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Edwards, M. J., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Gharibyan, N., additional, Haan, S., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Hinkel, D. E., additional, Ho, D. D., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Holder, J. P., additional, Huang, H., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Jeet, J., additional, Jones, O., additional, Kerr, S. M., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, H., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, V., additional, Kong, C., additional, Lamb, K. M., additional, Le Pape, S., additional, Lemos, N. C., additional, Lindl, J. D., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Mackinnon, A. J., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Marley, E. V., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Newman, K., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M. G., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Nora, R., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Rice, N. G., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Sater, J., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Sepke, S. M., additional, Sequoia, K., additional, Shin, S. J., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Stoupin, S., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Thomas, C. A., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Tubman, E. R., additional, Volegov, P. L., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Wild, C., additional, Woods, D. T., additional, Yang, S. T., additional, and Young, C. V., additional

Published
2022
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21. Design of an inertial fusion experiment exceeding the Lawson criterion for ignition

Author

Kritcher, A. L., primary, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Weber, C. R., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Pak, A., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Baker, K. L., additional, Berzak Hopkins, L., additional, Bhandarkar, S. D., additional, Biener, J., additional, Bionta, R. M., additional, Birge, N. W., additional, Braun, T., additional, Briggs, T. M., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Chen, H., additional, Choate, C., additional, Divol, L., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Fittinghoff, D., additional, Edwards, M. J., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Gharibyan, N., additional, Haan, S., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Hinkel, D. E., additional, Ho, D. D., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Holder, J. P., additional, Huang, H., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Jeet, J., additional, Jones, O., additional, Kerr, S. M., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, H., additional, Geppert Kleinrath, V., additional, Kong, C., additional, Lamb, K. M., additional, Le Pape, S., additional, Lemos, N. C., additional, Lindl, J. D., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Mackinnon, A. J., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Marley, E. V., additional, Meaney, K., additional, Millot, M., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Newman, K., additional, Di Nicola, J.-M. G., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Nora, R., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Rice, N. G., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Sater, J., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Sepke, S. M., additional, Sequoia, K., additional, Shin, S. J., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Stoupin, S., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Thomas, C. A., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Trosseille, C., additional, Tubman, E. R., additional, Volegov, P. L., additional, Wild, C., additional, Woods, D. T., additional, and Yang, S. T., additional

Published
2022
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22. First graded metal pushered single shell capsule implosions on the National Ignition Facility

Author

Dewald, E. L., primary, MacLaren, S. A., additional, Martinez, D. A., additional, Pino, J. E., additional, Tipton, R. E., additional, Ho, D. D.-M., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Horwood, C., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Hartouni, E. P., additional, Rubery, M. S., additional, Millot, M., additional, Vazsonyi, A. R., additional, Vonhof, S., additional, Mellos, G., additional, Johnson, S., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Graziani, F., additional, Monzon, E. R., additional, Xu, H. W., additional, Huang, H., additional, Bae, J., additional, Kong, C. W., additional, Rice, N., additional, Wang, Y. M., additional, Volegov, P., additional, Freeman, M. S., additional, and Wilde, C., additional

Published
2022
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24. Observation of Hydrodynamic Flows in Imploding Fusion Plasmas on the National Ignition Facility

Author

Schlossberg, D. J., primary, Grim, G. P., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Nora, R., additional, Bachmann, B., additional, Benedetti, L. R., additional, Bionta, R. M., additional, Eckart, M. J., additional, Field, J. E., additional, Fittinghoff, D. N., additional, Gatu Johnson, M., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, V., additional, Hartouni, E. P., additional, Hatarik, R., additional, Hsing, W. W., additional, Jarrott, L. C., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Kilkenny, J. D., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Mackinnon, A. J., additional, Meaney, K. D., additional, Munro, D. H., additional, Nagel, S. R., additional, Pak, A., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Spears, B. K., additional, Volegov, P. L., additional, and Young, C. V., additional

Published
2021
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25. Three dimensional low-mode areal-density non-uniformities in indirect-drive implosions at the National Ignition Facility

Author

Casey, D. T., primary, Landen, O. L., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Bionta, R. M., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Volegov, P. L., additional, Fittinghoff, D. N., additional, Geppert-Kleinrath, V., additional, Wilde, C. H., additional, Milovich, J. L., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Field, J. E., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Nora, R. C., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Munro, D. H., additional, Spears, B. K., additional, Peterson, J. L., additional, Gaffney, J. A., additional, Humbird, K. D., additional, Kruse, M. K. G., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Schlossberg, D. J., additional, Gatu-Johnson, M., additional, and Frenje, J. A., additional

Published
2021
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26. Evidence of Three-Dimensional Asymmetries Seeded by High-Density Carbon-Ablator Nonuniformity in Experiments at the National Ignition Facility

Author

Casey, D. T., primary, MacGowan, B. J., additional, Sater, J. D., additional, Zylstra, A. B., additional, Landen, O. L., additional, Milovich, J., additional, Hurricane, O. A., additional, Kritcher, A. L., additional, Hohenberger, M., additional, Baker, K., additional, Le Pape, S., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Weber, C., additional, Huang, H., additional, Kong, C., additional, Biener, J., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Haan, S., additional, Nora, R. C., additional, Ross, S., additional, Robey, H., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Bionta, R. M., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Schlossberg, D., additional, Bruhn, M., additional, Sequoia, K., additional, Rice, N., additional, Farrell, M., additional, and Wild, C., additional

Published
2021
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29. Deep learning for NLTE spectral opacities

Author

Kluth, G., primary, Humbird, K. D., additional, Spears, B. K., additional, Peterson, J. L., additional, Scott, H. A., additional, Patel, M. V., additional, Koning, J., additional, Marinak, M., additional, Divol, L., additional, and Young, C. V., additional

Published
2020
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30. Pushered single shell implosions for mix and radiation trapping studies using high-Z layers on National Ignition Facility

Author

Dewald, E. L., primary, Pino, J. E., additional, Tipton, R. E., additional, Salmonson, J. D., additional, Ralph, J., additional, Hartouni, E., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Hatarik, R., additional, Young, C. V., additional, Thorn, D., additional, Smalyuk, V. A., additional, Sacks, R., additional, Nikroo, A., additional, Rice, N., additional, MacLaren, S. A., additional, Prisbrey, S., additional, Remington, B. A., additional, and Graziani, F., additional

Published
2019
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42. AMRF network communications

Author

Rybczynski, S, primary, Barkmeyer, E J, additional, Wallace, E K, additional, Strawbridge, M L, additional, Libes, D E, additional, and Young, C V, additional

Published
1988
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45. Achievement of Target Gain Larger than Unity in an Inertial Fusion Experiment.

Author

Abu-Shawareb H, Acree R, Adams P, Adams J, Addis B, Aden R, Adrian P, Afeyan BB, Aggleton M, Aghaian L, Aguirre A, Aikens D, Akre J, Albert F, Albrecht M, Albright BJ, Albritton J, Alcala J, Alday C, Alessi DA, Alexander N, Alfonso J, Alfonso N, Alger E, Ali SJ, Ali ZA, Allen A, Alley WE, Amala P, Amendt PA, Amick P, Ammula S, Amorin C, Ampleford DJ, Anderson RW, Anklam T, Antipa N, Appelbe B, Aracne-Ruddle C, Araya E, Archuleta TN, Arend M, Arnold P, Arnold T, Arsenlis A, Asay J, Atherton LJ, Atkinson D, Atkinson R, Auerbach JM, Austin B, Auyang L, Awwal AAS, Aybar N, Ayers J, Ayers S, Ayers T, Azevedo S, Bachmann B, Back CA, Bae J, Bailey DS, Bailey J, Baisden T, Baker KL, Baldis H, Barber D, Barberis M, Barker D, Barnes A, Barnes CW, Barrios MA, Barty C, Bass I, Batha SH, Baxamusa SH, Bazan G, Beagle JK, Beale R, Beck BR, Beck JB, Bedzyk M, Beeler RG, Beeler RG, Behrendt W, Belk L, Bell P, Belyaev M, Benage JF, Bennett G, Benedetti LR, Benedict LX, Berger RL, Bernat T, Bernstein LA, Berry B, Bertolini L, Besenbruch G, Betcher J, Bettenhausen R, Betti R, Bezzerides B, Bhandarkar SD, Bickel R, Biener J, Biesiada T, Bigelow K, Bigelow-Granillo J, Bigman V, Bionta RM, Birge NW, Bitter M, Black AC, Bleile R, Bleuel DL, Bliss E, Bliss E, Blue B, Boehly T, Boehm K, Boley CD, Bonanno R, Bond EJ, Bond T, Bonino MJ, Borden M, Bourgade JL, Bousquet J, Bowers J, Bowers M, Boyd R, Boyle D, Bozek A, Bradley DK, Bradley KS, Bradley PA, Bradley L, Brannon L, Brantley PS, Braun D, Braun T, Brienza-Larsen K, Briggs R, Briggs TM, Britten J, Brooks ED, Browning D, Bruhn MW, Brunner TA, Bruns H, Brunton G, Bryant B, Buczek T, Bude J, Buitano L, Burkhart S, Burmark J, Burnham A, Burr R, Busby LE, Butlin B, Cabeltis R, Cable M, Cabot WH, Cagadas B, Caggiano J, Cahayag R, Caldwell SE, Calkins S, Callahan DA, Calleja-Aguirre J, Camara L, Camp D, Campbell EM, Campbell JH, Carey B, Carey R, Carlisle K, Carlson L, Carman L, Carmichael J, Carpenter A, Carr C, Carrera JA, Casavant D, Casey A, Casey DT, Castillo A, Castillo E, Castor JI, Castro C, Caughey W, Cavitt R, Celeste J, Celliers PM, Cerjan C, Chandler G, Chang B, Chang C, Chang J, Chang L, Chapman R, Chapman TD, Chase L, Chen H, Chen H, Chen K, Chen LY, Cheng B, Chittenden J, Choate C, Chou J, Chrien RE, Chrisp M, Christensen K, Christensen M, Christiansen NS, Christopherson AR, Chung M, Church JA, Clark A, Clark DS, Clark K, Clark R, Claus L, Cline B, Cline JA, Cobble JA, Cochrane K, Cohen B, Cohen S, Collette MR, Collins GW, Collins LA, Collins TJB, Conder A, Conrad B, Conyers M, Cook AW, Cook D, Cook R, Cooley JC, Cooper G, Cope T, Copeland SR, Coppari F, Cortez J, Cox J, Crandall DH, Crane J, Craxton RS, Cray M, Crilly A, Crippen JW, Cross D, Cuneo M, Cuotts G, Czajka CE, Czechowicz D, Daly T, Danforth P, Danly C, Darbee R, Darlington B, Datte P, Dauffy L, Davalos G, Davidovits S, Davis P, Davis J, Dawson S, Day RD, Day TH, Dayton M, Deck C, Decker C, Deeney C, DeFriend KA, Deis G, Delamater ND, Delettrez JA, Demaret R, Demos S, Dempsey SM, Desjardin R, Desjardins T, Desjarlais MP, Dewald EL, DeYoreo J, Diaz S, Dimonte G, Dittrich TR, Divol L, Dixit SN, Dixon J, Do A, Dodd ES, Dolan D, Donovan A, Donovan M, Döppner T, Dorrer C, Dorsano N, Douglas MR, Dow D, Downie J, Downing E, Dozieres M, Draggoo V, Drake D, Drake RP, Drake T, Dreifuerst G, Drury O, DuBois DF, DuBois PF, Dunham G, Durocher M, Dylla-Spears R, Dymoke-Bradshaw AKL, Dzenitis B, Ebbers C, Eckart M, Eddinger S, Eder D, Edgell D, Edwards MJ, Efthimion P, Eggert JH, Ehrlich B, Ehrmann P, Elhadj S, Ellerbee C, Elliott NS, Ellison CL, Elsner F, Emerich M, Engelhorn K, England T, English E, Epperson P, Epstein R, Erbert G, Erickson MA, Erskine DJ, Erlandson A, Espinosa RJ, Estes C, Estabrook KG, Evans S, Fabyan A, Fair J, Fallejo R, Farmer N, Farmer WA, Farrell M, Fatherley VE, Fedorov M, Feigenbaum E, Fehrenbach T, Feit M, Felker B, Ferguson W, Fernandez JC, Fernandez-Panella A, Fess S, Field JE, Filip CV, Fincke JR, Finn T, Finnegan SM, Finucane RG, Fischer M, Fisher A, Fisher J, Fishler B, Fittinghoff D, Fitzsimmons P, Flegel M, Flippo KA, Florio J, Folta J, Folta P, Foreman LR, Forrest C, Forsman A, Fooks J, Foord M, Fortner R, Fournier K, Fratanduono DE, Frazier N, Frazier T, Frederick C, Freeman MS, Frenje J, Frey D, Frieders G, Friedrich S, Froula DH, Fry J, Fuller T, Gaffney J, Gales S, Le Galloudec B, Le Galloudec KK, Gambhir A, Gao L, Garbett WJ, Garcia A, Gates C, Gaut E, Gauthier P, Gavin Z, Gaylord J, Geddes CGR, Geissel M, Génin F, Georgeson J, Geppert-Kleinrath H, Geppert-Kleinrath V, Gharibyan N, Gibson J, Gibson C, Giraldez E, Glebov V, Glendinning SG, Glenn S, Glenzer SH, Goade S, Gobby PL, Goldman SR, Golick B, Gomez M, Goncharov V, Goodin D, Grabowski P, Grafil E, Graham P, Grandy J, Grasz E, Graziani FR, Greenman G, Greenough JA, Greenwood A, Gregori G, Green T, Griego JR, Grim GP, Grondalski J, Gross S, Guckian J, Guler N, Gunney B, Guss G, Haan S, Hackbarth J, Hackel L, Hackel R, Haefner C, Hagmann C, Hahn KD, Hahn S, Haid BJ, Haines BM, Hall BM, Hall C, Hall GN, Hamamoto M, Hamel S, Hamilton CE, Hammel BA, Hammer JH, Hampton G, Hamza A, Handler A, Hansen S, Hanson D, Haque R, Harding D, Harding E, Hares JD, Harris DB, Harte JA, Hartouni EP, Hatarik R, Hatchett S, Hauer AA, Havre M, Hawley R, Hayes J, Hayes J, Hayes S, Hayes-Sterbenz A, Haynam CA, Haynes DA, Headley D, Heal A, Heebner JE, Heerey S, Heestand GM, Heeter R, Hein N, Heinbockel C, Hendricks C, Henesian M, Heninger J, Henrikson J, Henry EA, Herbold EB, Hermann MR, Hermes G, Hernandez JE, Hernandez VJ, Herrmann MC, Herrmann HW, Herrera OD, Hewett D, Hibbard R, Hicks DG, Higginson DP, Hill D, Hill K, Hilsabeck T, Hinkel DE, Ho DD, Ho VK, Hoffer JK, Hoffman NM, Hohenberger M, Hohensee M, Hoke W, Holdener D, Holdener F, Holder JP, Holko B, Holunga D, Holzrichter JF, Honig J, Hoover D, Hopkins D, Berzak Hopkins LF, Hoppe M, Hoppe ML, Horner J, Hornung R, Horsfield CJ, Horvath J, Hotaling D, House R, 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Abstract

On December 5, 2022, an indirect drive fusion implosion on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) achieved a target gain G_{target} of 1.5. This is the first laboratory demonstration of exceeding "scientific breakeven" (or G_{target}>1) where 2.05 MJ of 351 nm laser light produced 3.1 MJ of total fusion yield, a result which significantly exceeds the Lawson criterion for fusion ignition as reported in a previous NIF implosion [H. Abu-Shawareb et al. (Indirect Drive ICF Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 075001 (2022)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.129.075001]. This achievement is the culmination of more than five decades of research and gives proof that laboratory fusion, based on fundamental physics principles, is possible. This Letter reports on the target, laser, design, and experimental advancements that led to this result.

Published
2024
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46. Lawson Criterion for Ignition Exceeded in an Inertial Fusion Experiment.

Author

Abu-Shawareb H, Acree R, Adams P, Adams J, Addis B, Aden R, Adrian P, Afeyan BB, Aggleton M, Aghaian L, Aguirre A, Aikens D, Akre J, Albert F, Albrecht M, Albright BJ, Albritton J, Alcala J, Alday C, Alessi DA, Alexander N, Alfonso J, Alfonso N, Alger E, Ali SJ, Ali ZA, Alley WE, Amala P, Amendt PA, Amick P, Ammula S, Amorin C, Ampleford DJ, Anderson RW, Anklam T, Antipa N, Appelbe B, Aracne-Ruddle C, Araya E, Arend M, Arnold P, Arnold T, Asay J, Atherton LJ, Atkinson D, Atkinson R, Auerbach JM, Austin B, Auyang L, Awwal AS, Ayers J, Ayers S, Ayers T, Azevedo S, Bachmann B, Back CA, Bae J, Bailey DS, Bailey J, Baisden T, Baker KL, Baldis H, Barber D, Barberis M, Barker D, Barnes A, Barnes CW, Barrios MA, Barty C, Bass I, Batha SH, Baxamusa SH, Bazan G, Beagle JK, Beale R, Beck BR, Beck JB, Bedzyk M, Beeler RG, Beeler RG, Behrendt W, Belk L, Bell P, Belyaev M, Benage JF, Bennett G, Benedetti LR, Benedict LX, Berger R, Bernat T, Bernstein LA, Berry B, Bertolini L, Besenbruch G, Betcher 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Abstract

For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37 MJ of fusion for 1.92 MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion.

Published
2022
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