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The goal of this study was to assess if attendance at alcohol-intensive environments (AIE; bars, parties), was associated with men's engagement in two types of sexually aggressive tactics (enticement/coercion and assault) independent of individual alcohol consumption. Young men (n = 790) were recruited through Qualtrics' survey panel to complete a web-administered questionnaire. We ran a multinominal logistic regression predicting whether men used each tactic. AIE attendance, but not alcohol consumption, was related to men's use of assaultive tactics only whereas alcohol consumption, but not AIE attendance, was related to enticement/coercion. Men's attendance at AIE may be associated with their engagement in certain aggressive tactics, rather than their individual alcohol consumption. Prevention programme implementers may want to focus on cultural risk factors associated with AIE for specific sexual aggression tactics. PRACTICE IMPACT STATEMENT: Men's attendance at alcohol intensive settings (AIE; e.g. bars/parties) may be a stronger predictor of their sexual aggression than individual alcohol consumption. AIE attendance may relate to sexual aggression because of cultural norms surrounding AIE that could normalise men's sexual aggression. Prevention programmes could focus on underlying cultural norms associated with AIE and teach people to identify concerning sexual situations within these contexts, given that they can be a risk factors for sexual aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Administering the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to men offers substantial health benefits for both themselves and their female partners. In mainland China, the HPV vaccine has not been approved for men, and little is known about their acceptance of it. This study aims to assess the acceptability of HPV vaccine among young Chinese adult men and examine the association between personal health beliefs, altruistic beliefs, and HPV vaccination intentions and behavioral attempts. A cross-sectional study was conducted among male university students using a multistage cluster sampling method in eight universities across five districts in Zhejiang Province, China. Data were collected from December 2020 to January 2021 using a self-administered, anonymous online questionnaire. Of the 1937 participants, 1009 who had heard of the HPV vaccine completed the questionnaire. Over one-third (40.4%, 408/1009) had high levels of HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge. A total of 695 of 1009 (68.9%) expressed an intention to receive the HPV vaccine when available, and 329 of 1009 (32.6%) had proactively inquired about male HPV vaccination. Perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived gender barriers, and perceived benefits of male HPV vaccination for female partner were associated with HPV vaccination intentions. Lower perceived vaccine barriers, greater perceived benefits, and stronger vaccination intentions were associated with higher HPV behavioral attempts. There is an emerging demand for HPV vaccinations among young adult men in mainland China. Personal health beliefs and altruistic beliefs are crucial in promoting young adult men’s acceptance of the HPV vaccine. Emphasizing both male-specific benefits and altruistic motivations may enhance HPV vaccine acceptability among young adult men.

Background: Overweight and obesity, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance (IR) are strongly associated with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer. Different surrogate indices of IR are derived and validated with the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) test. Thus, using a computational approach to predict IR with Matsuda index as reference, this study aimed to determine the optimal cutoff value and diagnosis accuracy for surrogate indices in non-diabetic young adult men. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with 93 young men (ages 18-31). Serum levels of glucose and insulin were analyzed in the fasting state and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Additionally, clinical, biochemical, hormonal, and anthropometric characteristics and body composition (DEXA) were determined. The computational approach to evaluate the IR diagnostic accuracy and cutoff value using difference parameters was examined, as well as other statistical tools to make the output robust. Results: The highest sensitivity and specificity at the optimal cutoff value, respectively, were established for the Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (0.91; 0.98; 3.40), the Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (0.98; 0.96; 0.33), the triglyceride-glucose (TyG)-waist circumference index (TyG-WC) (1.00; 1.00; 427.77), the TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI) (1.00; 1.00; 132.44), TyG-waist-to-height ratio (TyGWHtR) (0.98; 1.00; 2.48), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (1.00; 1.00; 0.53), waist circumference (WC) (1.00; 1.00; 92.63), body mass index (BMI) (1.00; 1.00; 28.69), total body fat percentage (TFM) (%) (1.00; 1.00; 31.07), android fat (AF) (%) (1.00; 0.98; 40.33), lipid accumulation product (LAP) (0.84; 1.00; 45.49), leptin (0.91; 1.00; 16.08), leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) (0.84; 1.00; 1.17), and fasting insulin (0.91; 0.98; 16.01). Conclusions: The computational approach was used to determine the diagnosis accuracy and the optimal cutoff value for IR to be used in preventive healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Awareness of risk for oropharyngeal cancer from oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is low among men in the United States. This pilot study tested messages communicating oral HPV and oropharyngeal cancer risk among a sample of U.S. young adult men (aged 18–26). Six oral HPV and cancer risk messages were tested in an online survey. Participants (N = 68) were randomly assigned to one of two message sets, each containing three unique text-based messages. Participants evaluated messages separately based on various measures (e.g., perceived message effectiveness [PME], novelty). One-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to assess evaluation differences within message sets. Participants provided open-ended feedback about each message, which were synthesized into overarching themes. Participants were receptive to the risk messages, rating them high on PME (mean range = 3.72–4.25 out of 5) and other measures. Analyses identified three high-performing messages. For example, participants rated a message about HPV-linked oropharyngeal cancer risk rates in men versus women higher on attention and novelty than two other messages in the same set (both p s <.05). Participants were shown three messages (instead of all six) in each message set to minimize survey fatigue. Common themes from open-ended feedback were that participants liked the short-form structure of the messages and that the messages used gender-tailored language. In conclusion, oral HPV and oropharyngeal cancer risk messages may be useful for increasing risk awareness among men in the U.S. Further work should test such messages in rigorous experimental contexts to assess their efficacy in modifying other health outcomes, such as HPV vaccination behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundOverweight and obesity, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance (IR) are strongly associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer. Different surrogate indices of IR are derived and validated with the euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) test. Thus, using a computational approach to predict IR with Matsuda index as reference, this study aimed to determine the optimal cutoff value and diagnosis accuracy for surrogate indices in non-diabetic young adult men.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with 93 young men (ages 18–31). Serum levels of glucose and insulin were analyzed in the fasting state and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Additionally, clinical, biochemical, hormonal, and anthropometric characteristics and body composition (DEXA) were determined. The computational approach to evaluate the IR diagnostic accuracy and cutoff value using difference parameters was examined, as well as other statistical tools to make the output robust.ResultsThe highest sensitivity and specificity at the optimal cutoff value, respectively, were established for the Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (0.91; 0.98; 3.40), the Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (0.98; 0.96; 0.33), the triglyceride-glucose (TyG)-waist circumference index (TyG-WC) (1.00; 1.00; 427.77), the TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI) (1.00; 1.00; 132.44), TyG-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR) (0.98; 1.00; 2.48), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (1.00; 1.00; 0.53), waist circumference (WC) (1.00; 1.00; 92.63), body mass index (BMI) (1.00; 1.00; 28.69), total body fat percentage (TFM) (%) (1.00; 1.00; 31.07), android fat (AF) (%) (1.00; 0.98; 40.33), lipid accumulation product (LAP) (0.84; 1.00; 45.49), leptin (0.91; 1.00; 16.08), leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) (0.84; 1.00; 1.17), and fasting insulin (0.91; 0.98; 16.01).ConclusionsThe computational approach was used to determine the diagnosis accuracy and the optimal cutoff value for IR to be used in preventive healthcare.

The impacts of income and education on mental health have been understudied among young adult men. This study aims to explore the association between income and depression among young adult men, to examine how educational attainment influences depression, and to investigate how educational attainment moderates the relationship between income and depression among young adult men. We used the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79 for Children and Young Adults (NLSY79 CY). A total of 1084 young adult men were selected for the final sample. The PROCESS macro 3.4 for Statistical Product and Service Solutions was used for analysis. Both income and educational attainment were negatively related to depression among young adult men. We found a significant interaction effect, indicating that educational attainment moderated the relationship between income and depression among young adult men. The effect of educational attainment on depression was greater for young adult men who earned a lower income compared to those who earned a higher income. Job training programs and other employment assistance should be provided to young adult men to help them to gain employment and job security, as well as to indirectly reduce their levels of depression. Increased access to higher education may also help men attain higher-paying jobs, which may buffer against depression. We suggest that men who have not received higher education receive access to job training programs and programs for job searching and career development to bolster their earnings potential, which thus may reduce depression.

Background and aims: Unhealthy eating behaviors, including eating fast, eating after satiety, skipping breakfast, and eating out are common among men aged 20–39 years. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to examine the association between self-reported eating habits and the prevalence of dyslipidemia. Methods: The participants of this study were 38,233 men aged 20–39 years, whose food consumption frequency related information was collected through a questionnaire. Dyslipidemia was defined as total cholesterol (TC) ≥190 mg/dL, fasting triglyceride (TG) ≥150 mg/dL and non-fasting TG ≥175 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)

Background: Previous epidemiological studies on the relationship between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and male reproductive hormones were mainly limited to a few legacy PFAS and ignored the possible mixture effects. Objectives: To assess the associations of PFAS mixture, branched isomers and emerging alternatives of PFAS with male reproductive hormones. Methods: A total of 902 men (mean age: 31.3 years) were recruited in this cross-sectional study. We quantified 24 targeted PFAS, including 7 branched PFOS isomers, 2 branched PFOA isomers and 2 components of F-53B, in blood plasma. Five reproductive hormones, including total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and insulin like factor 3 (INSL3), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in serum. Associations were first assessed by confounder-adjusted multiple linear regression while correcting for multiple comparisons. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and adaptive elastic net (AENET) were further used to assess mixture effects and the adjusted exposure response (ER) relationship of individual PFAS. Results: After adjusting for confounders, we found that PFAS mixture was significantly and inversely associated with E2 and E2/TT, with perfluoro-n-undecanoic acid (PFuDA) being the major contributor. Although the associations between PFAS mixture and other hormones were non-significant, certain individual PFAS presented significant associations. Notably, perfluoro-n-tridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) and perfluoro-n-dodecanoic acid (PFDoA) were found to be significantly and inversely associated with INSL3, a unique indicator of Leydig cells function. Meanwhile, significant positive associations were found between perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) and FSH and between PFuDA and LH. But the associations with branched isomers or F-53B were sporadic and inconsistent. Conclusions: Our findings provided the evidence that PFAS mixture may reduce E2 level, and certain PFAS (i.e., PFTrDA and PFDoA) may have negative effects on Leydig cells function among young men. Additional studies are much needed to confirm our results and elucidate potential mechanisms.

Background: There has been little evidence regarding how age influences the association between depression and sleep among young adult men. Thus, the current study explores the relationship between depression and sleep among young adult men and the moderating effect of age on the association. Methods: The present research employed a secondary analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 for Children and Young Adults. A total of 2777 men were selected for the final sample. A moderation model was used to identify the moderating effect of age on the relationship between depression and sleep. Results: Depression was negatively related to hours of sleep among young adult men and age was negatively associated with hours of sleep. An interaction effect was found, indicating that age significantly moderated the association between depression and hours of sleep among young adult men. Conclusions: Free educational programs on the importance of quality of sleep and adequate sleep should be provided to young adult men before they enter their thirties. This study implies that improving sleep among young adult men as well as identifying what particular age span in young adulthood is important and should be given more attention when accounting for young adult men’s depression.

Background: Overweight and obesity, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance (IR) are strongly associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer. Different surrogate indices of IR are derived and validated with the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) test. Thus, using a computational approach to predict IR with Matsuda index as reference, this study aimed to determine the optimal cutoff value and diagnosis accuracy for surrogate indices in non-diabetic young adult men., Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with 93 young men (ages 18-31). Serum levels of glucose and insulin were analyzed in the fasting state and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Additionally, clinical, biochemical, hormonal, and anthropometric characteristics and body composition (DEXA) were determined. The computational approach to evaluate the IR diagnostic accuracy and cutoff value using difference parameters was examined, as well as other statistical tools to make the output robust., Results: The highest sensitivity and specificity at the optimal cutoff value, respectively, were established for the Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (0.91; 0.98; 3.40), the Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (0.98; 0.96; 0.33), the triglyceride-glucose (TyG)-waist circumference index (TyG-WC) (1.00; 1.00; 427.77), the TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI) (1.00; 1.00; 132.44), TyG-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR) (0.98; 1.00; 2.48), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (1.00; 1.00; 0.53), waist circumference (WC) (1.00; 1.00; 92.63), body mass index (BMI) (1.00; 1.00; 28.69), total body fat percentage (TFM) (%) (1.00; 1.00; 31.07), android fat (AF) (%) (1.00; 0.98; 40.33), lipid accumulation product (LAP) (0.84; 1.00; 45.49), leptin (0.91; 1.00; 16.08), leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) (0.84; 1.00; 1.17), and fasting insulin (0.91; 0.98; 16.01)., Conclusions: The computational approach was used to determine the diagnosis accuracy and the optimal cutoff value for IR to be used in preventive healthcare., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Malagón-Soriano, Ledezma-Forero, Espinel-Pachon, Burgos-Cárdenas, Garces, Ortega-Ramírez, Franco-Vega, Peralta-Franco, Maldonado-Acosta, Rubio-Romero, Mercado-Pedroza, Caminos-Cepeda, Lacunza, Rivera-Moreno, Darghan-Contreras, Ruiz-Parra and Caminos.)

This study explores young adult men's lived experience of addiction recovery through their involvement in Twelve Step fellowships' spirituality. Although there is a large body of research on Twelve Step's recovery model, few studies have examined young adult men's psychological and identity transformation in light of its spiritual principles. Ten men participating in Twelve Step fellowships in the UK were recruited and invited to write a topical autobiography of their recovery. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Participants in early recovery (six months to two years in recovery) provided accounts mostly concerned with maintaining abstinence and incorporating the Twelve Step spiritual principles and practices into their lives. Participants in long-term recovery (five to ten years) portrayed "personal growth" narratives, reflecting on their involvement with the fellowships through their life-course. Values of belonging, authenticity, care and love were identified as significant themes in their narratives and continue to infuse their identities long after initial sobriety establishment. The findings suggest that participants' spirituality evolves into a loving and caring masculine identity, which is key to their psychological development into mature adulthood. It is suggested that amidst the variety of spiritual recovery experiences (religious, atheist or secular) within the Twelve Step programmes, members share life-enhancing values that support the transcendence of their addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Family planning services recognize reproductive health as the joint responsibility of both men and women. Efforts need to be shifted to men's own sexual health in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for reduction of maternal mortality and HIV transmission. Aims To determine the methods of contraception used by young adult men and factors that influence their choice of contraceptive. Methodology A cross-sectional descriptive study was done using structured questionnaires to extract relevant information from consented young male adult between ages of 16 and 24 years of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Data was coded using Microsoft Excel and was analyzed using the SPSS version 17. Results The majority of the respondents 212 (71.6%) had had sexual intercourse. Mean age at first sexual debut was 17.8 ± 2.5 years. The majority of the respondents 124 (58.5%) did not use any contraceptives during their first sexual experience and over 1/5th (21.2%) of respondents had impregnated a partner in the past with the majority, 39 (86.7%) of such pregnancies resulting in an induced abortion. Frequency of religious services attendance showed a statistically significant difference with respondents that were sexually active or had previous sex (p < 0.001). Conclusion Male involvement and education about contraceptive methods, use and consistency of contraception could have a drastic reduction in unwanted pregnancies and also a reduction in abortion complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition from high school to college represents a pivotal developmental period that may result in significant maladjustment for first-year college men. Men may feel pressured to “prove” their masculinity by engaging in traditional masculine behaviors that could be negative for their overall well-being. Although adherence to multidimensional masculine norms has been associated with poorer mental health, no studies have examined the role of masculine norms on prospective depressive symptoms among first-year college men. Examining college men’s adherence to multidimensional masculine norms longitudinally can offer a promising theoretical framework to explain within-group variability in depression symptomatology. The sample included 322 men from the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Masculine norms were assessed during the beginning of their first year of college. Depressive symptomatology was assessed 6 months after the first wave of data collection. Masculine norms were positively and negatively related to prospective depression scores, such that men who endorsed the masculine norms of Self-Reliance, Playboy (i.e., desire to have multiple sexual partners), and Violence, had heightened risk, whereas men who endorsed Winning and Power Over Women were less likely to report depressive symptomatology. Distinct masculine norms appear to confer risk for depression while other norms appear to be protective. This study was the first to examine the role of multidimensional masculine norms on prospective depressive symptomatology among college men. The results suggest that practitioners working with men should consider assessing their clients’ adherence to distinct masculine norms and explore how these might be impacting their current mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This study aimed to describe young men's sexual and reproductive health care (SRHC) receipt by sexual behavior and factors associated with greater SRHC receipt. Methods There were 427 male patients aged 15–24 who were recruited from 3 primary care and 2 sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in 1 urban city. Immediately after the visit, the survey assessed receipt of 18 recommended SRHC services across four domains: screening history (sexual health, STD/HIV test, family planning); laboratories (STDs/HIV); condom products (condoms/lubrication); and counseling (STD/HIV risk reduction, family planning, condoms); in addition, demographic, sexual behavior, and visit characteristics were examined. Multivariable Poisson regressions examined factors associated with each SRHC subdomain adjusting for participant clustering within clinics. Results Of the participants, 90% were non-Hispanic black, 61% were aged 20–24, 90% were sexually active, 71% had female partners (FPs), and 20% had male or male and female partners (M/MFPs). Among sexually active males, 1 in 10 received all services. Half or more were asked about sexual health and STD/HIV tests, tested for STDs/HIV, and were counseled on STD/HIV risk reduction and correct condom use. Fewer were asked about family planning (23%), were provided condom products (32%), and were counseled about family planning (35%). Overall and for each subdomain, never sexually active males reported fewer services than sexually active males. Factors consistently associated with greater SRHC receipt across subdomains included having M/MFPs versus FPs, routine versus non–STD-acute visit, time alone with provider without parent, and seen at STD versus primary care clinic. Males having FPs versus M/MFPs reported greater family planning counseling. Conclusions Findings have implications for improving young men's SRHC delivery beyond the narrow scope of STD/HIV care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests a link between masculine norms and drinking behaviors and related consequences; however, the mechanisms of risk are not well understood, particularly with respect to drinking games. The present study helps bridge the masculinity and alcohol use literatures by examining the mechanisms by which certain masculine norms (i.e., winning, risk taking, heterosexual presentation, power over women, and playboy norms) are directly associated with drinking game behaviors and consequences, and indirectly by way of increased motivations to play drinking games for competition reasons, for enhancement/thrills, and/or to sexually manipulate others. Participants completed anonymous self-report surveys and consisted of young adult men who were current drinkers and drinking gamers (N = 905). Controlling for typical alcohol use on nondrinking game occasions, results indicated that certain masculine norms (i.e., heterosexual presentation, risk taking, and power over women) were directly associated with drinking game behaviors and/or consequences. Consistent with motivational models of alcohol use, conformity to masculine norms was also indirectly related to drinking game behaviors and consequences through their associations with specific drinking game motives. Both power over women and playboy norms were indirectly related to negative drinking game consequences through their positive associations with sexual manipulation motives. In addition, risk taking, winning, and playboy norms were indirectly related to drinking game behaviors and related consequences by way of increased endorsement of enhancement/thrills motives. Finally, risk taking, winning, and power over women were indirectly related to drinking game frequency through their positive associations with competition motives. Implications for intervention and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To explore perceptions of facilitators/barriers to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care use among an urban sample of African-American and Hispanic young men aged 15–24 years, including sexual minorities. Methods Focus groups were conducted between April 2013 and May 2014 in one mid-Atlantic U.S. city. Young men aged 15–24 years were recruited from eight community settings to participate in 12 groups. Moderator guide explored facilitators/barriers to SRH care use. A brief pregroup self-administered survey assessed participants' sociodemographics and SRH information sources. Content analysis was conducted, and three investigators independently verified the themes that emerged. Results Participants included 70 males: 70% were aged 15–19 years, 66% African-American, 34% Hispanic, 83% heterosexual, and 16% gay/bisexual. Results indicated young men's perceptions of facilitators/barriers to their SRH care use come from multiple levels of their socioecology, including cultural, structural, social, and personal contexts, and dynamic inter-relationships existed across contexts. A health care culture focused on women's health and traditional masculinity scripts provided an overall background. Structural level concerns included cost, long visits, and confidentiality; social level concerns included stigma of being seen by community members and needs regarding health care provider interactions; and personal level concerns included self-risk assessments on decisions to seek care and fears/anxieties about sexually transmitted infection/HIV testing. Young men also discussed SRH care help-seeking sometimes involved family and/or other social network members and needs related to patient-provider interactions about SRH care. Conclusions Study findings provide a foundation for better understanding young men's SRH care use and considering ways to engage them in care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous literature suggests that lower socioeconomic status (SES) men through higher family sociodemographic pressure and lower capacity of stress control, compared to higher SES men, are more likely to suffer from poorer subjective physical health (SPH). Using a random cross-sectional survey of 1650 young adult men aged 20-50 from rural Bangladesh we examine whether lower SES, compared to middle and higher SES, is significantly associated with poorer SPH, after controlling for family demographic-psychological conditions. Result indicates that lower SES men with higher family sociodemographic pressure, economic hardship, family stress and lower psychological resources in comparison to middle and higher SES men are most likely to suffer from poorer SPH. Further result suggests that SES is significantly associated with both poorer and poor SPH, but when family demographic-psychological conditions are controlled, a significant association of lower education, lower job status with day-laboring and income only with poorer SPH remains constant. This association appears attributable to all family demographic-psychological mechanisms except early marriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Heavy episodic drinking (HED) and alcohol-related problems appears to be a growing problem among young adult Asian Americans. One promising factor that helps explain within-group differences among Asian American includes nativity. Nativity refers to whether an individual was born in (i.e., second generation or higher) or outside (i.e., first generation) of the United States. Despite this theoretically promising variable, there has been a paucity of literature examining comparing drinking patterns between first and second generation Asians Americans and White college men. Objectives: The current study examined the relationship between HED and alcohol-related problems among first- and second-generation Asian American, and White college male students. Interaction between race and the variables in HED and alcohol-related problems models were also investigated. Method: A total of 630 men were recruited of which 489 were Asian American men (407 second generation and 82 first generation) and 148 White students attending a public university in southern California (USA) were recruited. Results: Results revealed no differences in HED rates between second-generation Asian American and White male college students; however, White students reported higher rates of HED compared to first-generation Asian Americans. No differences in alcohol-related problems were found between all three groups. There were no significant interactions between racial groups, drinking to cope, Greek/fraternity status, and descriptive norms on the alcohol outcomes. Conclusion/importance: Second-generation Asian American young adult men reported similar HED and rates of alcohol-related problems as White men. The present findings suggest that alcohol-related problems among Asian American men are a larger public health concern than previously believed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Misalignment of meals to the biological clock may cause adverse effects on glucose metabolism. However, the effects of repeated different eating schedules (early compared with late) on glucose concentration throughout the day are poorly understood., Objectives: We examined the effects of different eating schedules on the 24-h glucose response using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM)., Methods: Eight young adult males (age, 20.9 ± 3.4 y; body mass index: 21.3 ± 1.8 kg/m 2 ) each followed 2 different eating schedules (early [08:30, 13:30, and 19:30] and late [12:00, 17:00, and 23:00]) in random order. These diet interventions were conducted for 8 d, with an experimental period of 3 d and 2 nights (from dinner on day 7) after 7 d of free living. The 3 meals in each intervention were nutritionally equivalent (55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 30% fat). The 24-h mean interstitial glucose concentration on day 8 was obtained under controlled conditions using the CGM (primary outcome). These concentrations were compared among the following 3 schedules using Dunnett's test, with the early eating schedule as reference (1 compared with 2 and 1 compared with 3): 1) early eating schedule (control), 2) late eating schedule according to the clock time (08:00 on day 8 to 08:00 on day 9), and 3) late eating schedule according to the time elapsed since the first meal for 24 h., Results: The 24-h mean ± SD interstitial glucose concentrations when participants followed the late eating schedule were higher than those when they followed the early eating schedule in terms of clock time (91.2 ± 2.9 compared with 99.2 ± 4.6 mg/dL, P = 0.003) and time elapsed (91.2 ± 2.9 compared with 98.3 ± 3.8 mg/dL, P < 0.001)., Conclusions: A late eating schedule increases the mean 24-h interstitial glucose concentration in young adult males. This insight will have useful implications in determining meal timings, especially for those with conditions such as diabetes., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of Smoking, Nutrition, Alcohol, Physical activity and Obesity (SNAPO) interventions in young men exclusively. The secondary aim was to evaluate the recruitment, retention and engagement strategies.Methods: A search with no date restrictions was conducted across seven databases. Randomized controlled trials recruiting young men only (aged 18-35 years) into interventions targeting any SNAPO risk factors were included.Results: Ten studies were included (two nutrition, six alcohol use, two targeting multiple SNAPO risk factors). Six studies (two nutrition, three alcohol use and one targeting multiple SNAPO risk factors) demonstrated significant positive short-term intervention effects, but impact was either not assessed beyond the intervention (n=3), had short-term follow-up (≤6 months) (n=2) or not sustained beyond six months (n=1). Overall, a high risk of bias was identified across studies. Only one study undertook a power calculation and recruited the required sample size. Adequate retention was achieved in three studies. Effectiveness of engagement strategies was not reported in any studies.Conclusions: Despite preliminary evidence of short-term effectiveness of SNAPO interventions in young men, few studies characterized by a high risk of bias were identified. High quality SNAPO interventions for young men are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Unhealthy eating behaviors, including eating fast, eating after satiety, skipping breakfast, and eating out are common among men aged 20-39 years. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to examine the association between self-reported eating habits and the prevalence of dyslipidemia., Methods: The participants of this study were 38,233 men aged 20-39 years, whose food consumption frequency related information was collected through a questionnaire. Dyslipidemia was defined as total cholesterol (TC) ≥190 mg/dL, fasting triglyceride (TG) ≥150 mg/dL and non-fasting TG ≥175 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <40 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥140 mg/dL. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated relative to healthy eating habits using logistic regression, after adjustment for age, study unit, and other potential confounding factors., Results: Moderate and fast speeds were associated with a higher prevalence of reduced HDL-C (by 27% and 26%, respectively) compared to slow speeds. Eating after satiety was associated with a higher prevalence of elevated TC (by 16%) and elevated TG (by 11%), elevated LDL-C (by 21%). Breakfast eating of 1-4 times/week and <1 time/week were associated with a higher prevalence of elevated TC (by 11% and 16%, respectively) and elevated LDL-C (by 21% and 38%, respectively) compared to that of ≥5 times/week. Eating out of ≥5 times/week was associated with a 13% higher prevalence of elevated TG., Conclusions: All of four unhealthy eating habits were associated with a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia in men aged 20-39 years.

Objective: Disability is one of the significant problems that the public faces as regards social aspects, economics, public health and politics. Our aim was to review the prevalence of diseases causing disabilities in young adult men who are declared "unfit for military service" in Turkey after medical examination. Methods: We reviewed the prevalence of diseases among 113,175 young adult men who were referred for medical examination between 2009 and 2011. Results: Prevalence of unfitness for military service was 5.56% in 2009, 6.74% in 2010 and 6.77% in 2011. Leading causes for young adult men to be rejected from military service was intellectual disability 6.88, hearing loss 3.71, epilepsy 1.59, schizophrenia 1.54 and diabetes mellitus 1.47 per thousand people. Conclusion: Screening for the prevalence of disability conditions is an important data source for policies to be developed. Supporting such survey with community based studies in different populations in future shall be beneficial for improvement of policies in social and health fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the extent of sexual dysfunction in young male patients (18-24 years) with epilepsy. Forty-five male patients with epilepsy aged between 18 and 24, and forty-four age- matched healthy male volunteers were included in the study. Participants completed a battery of self-reported tests (ASEX: Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale, HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Demographic and clinical variables were recorded. Serum total testosterone was measured between 8:00 and 10:00 a.m. in patients with epilepsy. Sexual function scores (sexual drive and penile erection) were higher in patients with epilepsy than those of the control group ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.008, respectively). The difference between the mean total ASEX scores, which were 13.9 and 11.4 in patients with epilepsy and controls, respectively, was significant ( p = 0.009). HAD anxiety scores were significantly higher in patients with epilepsy than controls ( p = 0.01) (Table 2). HAD-depression scores of both groups were similar ( p = 0.09). This study demonstrates that young male patients with epilepsy have lower levels of sexual activity and drive and more erectile problems. Impaired sexual function is associated with anxiety scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• PFAS mixture was inversely associated with E 2 and E 2 /TT in young men, with PFuDA being the major contributor. • Exposure to PFTrDA and PFDoA were associated with reduced INSL3 levels. • No consistent associations were found between branched PFAS isomers and F-53B and male reproductive hormones. Previous epidemiological studies on the relationship between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and male reproductive hormones were mainly limited to a few legacy PFAS and ignored the possible mixture effects. To assess the associations of PFAS mixture, branched isomers and emerging alternatives of PFAS with male reproductive hormones. A total of 902 men (mean age: 31.3 years) were recruited in this cross-sectional study. We quantified 24 targeted PFAS, including 7 branched PFOS isomers, 2 branched PFOA isomers and 2 components of F-53B, in blood plasma. Five reproductive hormones, including total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E 2), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and insulin like factor 3 (INSL3), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in serum. Associations were first assessed by confounder-adjusted multiple linear regression while correcting for multiple comparisons. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and adaptive elastic net (AENET) were further used to assess mixture effects and the adjusted exposure response (ER) relationship of individual PFAS. After adjusting for confounders, we found that PFAS mixture was significantly and inversely associated with E 2 and E 2 /TT, with perfluoro-n-undecanoic acid (PFuDA) being the major contributor. Although the associations between PFAS mixture and other hormones were non-significant, certain individual PFAS presented significant associations. Notably, perfluoro-n-tridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) and perfluoro-n-dodecanoic acid (PFDoA) were found to be significantly and inversely associated with INSL3, a unique indicator of Leydig cells function. Meanwhile, significant positive associations were found between perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) and FSH and between PFuDA and LH. But the associations with branched isomers or F-53B were sporadic and inconsistent. Our findings provided the evidence that PFAS mixture may reduce E 2 level, and certain PFAS (i.e., PFTrDA and PFDoA) may have negative effects on Leydig cells function among young men. Additional studies are much needed to confirm our results and elucidate potential mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Family planning services recognize reproductive health as the joint responsibility of both men and women. Efforts need to be shifted to men's own sexual health in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for reduction of maternal mortality and HIV transmission. Aims To determine the methods of contraception used by young adult men and factors that influence their choice of contraceptive. Methodology A cross-sectional descriptive study was done using structured questionnaires to extract relevant information from consented young male adult between ages of 16 and 24 years of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Data was coded using Microsoft Excel and was analyzed using the SPSS version 17. Results The majority of the respondents 212 (71.6%) had had sexual intercourse. Mean age at first sexual debut was 17.8 ± 2.5 years. The majority of the respondents 124 (58.5%) did not use any contraceptives during their first sexual experience and over 1/5th (21.2%) of respondents had impregnated a partner in the past with the majority, 39 (86.7%) of such pregnancies resulting in an induced abortion. Frequency of religious services attendance showed a statistically significant difference with respondents that were sexually active or had previous sex (p < 0.001). Conclusion Male involvement and education about contraceptive methods, use and consistency of contraception could have a drastic reduction in unwanted pregnancies and also a reduction in abortion complications.

OBJECTIVE: It is reported that the most common cause of disability in the world is hearing loss following intellectual disability. Our aim in this study is to investigate the distribution of the ENT diseases among young adult men in Turkey. METHOD: We reviewed the prevalence of ENT diseases among 1.777.500 people who were referred for medical examination according to Turkish National Military Regulations between 2009 and 2011. Required ethical permissions of the study have been obtained from Ethics Committee of Gulhane Military Medical Academy. RESULTS: In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of hearing loss that have become sequela and caused disability (40dB and above) has been identifi ed as 3.32 per thousand in 2009, 3.95 per thousand in 2010 and 3.86 per thousand in 2011. In our study, the fi rst fi ve common subtypes of hearing loss diagnosis and their prevalences are; unilateral profound hearing impairment including deafness 1.07 ‰, bilateral severe hearing impairment 0.94 ‰, bilateral moderate hearing impairment 0.72 ‰, deaf-and-dumb 0.40 ‰ and unilateral radical mastoidectomy due to chronic otitis 0.24 ‰, respectively. CONCLUSION: Although mostly acute infectious diseases have been observed in infancy and childhood, these diseases may become sequela at the level of disability in older ages (in advancing ages). Incidence of the disability can be reduced by early diagnosis and appropriate treatment especially during infancy and childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]