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본 연구는 LC-MS/MS를 이용해 다소비 채소류 및 서류에 함유된 9종의 chlorogenic acid 이성질체를 분석하기 위하여 시료 추출 후 QuEChERS kit으로 정제하는 전처리법을 확립하였고, Syncronis C18 컬럼을 사용하여 30분 동안 분석하는 이동상 용매 조성과 9종의 이성질체의 정량 및 정성 이온을 선택하여 negative 모드에서 분석하는 기기 분석법을 확립하였다. 확립한 분석법은 AOAC 가이드라인에 따라 특이성, 직선성, 검출한계, 정량한계, 정확성, 정밀성을 확인하여 유효성을 검증하였다. 다소비 채소류 및 서류 43품목(48품종)의 chlorogenic acids 함량을 분석한 결과, 24품목(29품종)에 함유되었음을 확인하였다. 채소류의 경우 39품목(42품종) 중 22품목(25품종)에 chlorogenic acids가 함유되었으며(0.01±0.01~38.31±8.73 ㎎/100 g FW), 취나물, 케일, 미나리, 우엉, 상추, 브로콜리, 콜리플라워, 가지, 치커리, 도라지 순으로 함량이 높게 나타났다. 서류는 고구마(호박고구마, 밤고구마), 감자(로즈밸리, 수미), 마, 토란 등 4품목(6품종)을 분석하였는데, 고구마의 경우 밤고구마(1.31±0.52 ㎎/100 g FW)보다 호박고구마(1.42±0.39 ㎎/100 g FW)에, 감자의 경우 수미(0.09±0.03 ㎎/100 g FW)보다 로즈밸리(0.37±0.07 ㎎/100 g FW)에 chlorogenic acids 함량이 높게 나타났다. 또한 취나물, 미나리, 고구마, 감자를 대상으로 조리시간에 따른 chlorogenic acids 함량 변화를 확인한 결과, 취나물과 미나리는 30초 삶았을 때 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었고, 감자는 30분, 고구마는 20분쪘을 때 chlorogenic acids 함량이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 다소비 채소류 및 서류의 chlorogenic acids 함량과 조리시간에 따른 chlorogenic acids 함량 변화를 확인하여 식품 내 chlorogenic acids 함량에 관한 기초자료로 제공하고자 하였다.

Surveys on the consumption of caffeinated beverages by high school students (n=886) were per- formed. Of the students, 97.0% consumed a variety of caffeinated beverages, including carbonated drinks (90.0%), processed milk and cocoa (79.0%), coffee (63.0), teas (52.1), energy drinks (16.4%) and nourishment drinks (15.5%). The frequency of intake per student was 8.2 times per week. Caffeine intake through the caffeinated beverages was 41.53 mg/day, which was accounted for by coffee (51.5%), carbonated drinks (19.6%), processed milk and cocoa (11.5%), teas (11.4%), energy drinks (5.0%) and nourishment drinks (1.1%). Students with high levels of stress, those who consumed snacks twice a day, and those who used a computer (or smart phone) for more than 3 hours per day showed significantly higher caffeine intake. The groups with high caffeine intake experienced heart palpitations, insomnia and pollakiuria. Students indicated that they consumed the caffeinated beverages for the taste (57.9%), wak- ing up (18.0%), thirst (13.2%), etc. (10.9%). They tended to consume drinks with a high content of caffeine to sleep less. In addition, they rarely checked the label, and showed a lack of awareness of the caffeine contents in the bever- ages, which calls for education.

A probabilistic exposure assessment was performed on the monitoring data of pesticides were assessed in agricultural products in Gyeonggi-do from 2006 to 2010. Chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, dicofol, endosulfan, EPN, ethoprophos, fenitrothion, methidathion, phenthoate and tebupirimfos were assessed. For this assessment, we used Monte Carlo simulation software and the distribution of concentration and intake were assumed to lognormal distribution by inputting mean and standard deviation. The hazard index (HI, %ADI) of average value and the 95 percentile based on a probabilistic method were usually lower than those by a deterministic one. For the whole population, when non-detects data were assigned 0 mg/kg, HI of the average value and the 95 percentile showed 0.05~0.70% and 0.11~1.94%, respectively. When non- detects data were assigned 0.005 mg/kg, HI of the average value and the 95 percentile were 0.41~4.42% and 0.98~13.81%. For only consumers, when non-detects data were assigned 0 mg/kg, HI of the average value and the 95 percentile were 1.24~10.16% and 3.72~33.81%, respectively. When non-detects data were assigned 0.005 mg/kg, HI of the average value and the 95 percentile were 3.43~18.26% and 9.45~54.99%, respectively. Methidathion had highest values when both of 0 and 0.005 were assigned to non-detecs data for consumers only. This study showed that agricultural products in Gyeonggi-do were safe because they had less than 100 of HI (%ADI) based on probabilistic exposure assessment.

This study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological contamination on commonly used hand towels in the child care centers and to investigate the toxin gene and toxin production ability of food-borne pathogens. A total of 22 commonly used hand towels including 7 for before use and 15 for during use were tested. The average number of total aerobic bacteria and fungi were 6.2 log CFU/100 and 4.1 log CFU/100 . Coliform bacteria were detected in 4 out of 7 before used towels (57.1%) and all of during used towels (100%). These results showed that the sanitary conditions of hand towels in the child care centers should be improved promptly. Among the pathogenic bacteria, Staph. aureus and B. cereus without Salmonella spp. were detected in 5 (22.7%) and 11 (50.0%) out of 22 hand towels. All of Staphy. aureus isolated in this study did not possess any toxin genes and did not produce enterotoxin. The detection rate of hblC, hblD, and hblA toxin genes in B. cereus was 72.7, 72.7, and 54.5% respectively. The possession rate of nheA, nheB, and nheC toxin genes showed 81.8, 72.7, and 54.5% respectively. The cytK and entFM toxin genes were presented at 45.5 and 90.0% in B. cereus. The HBL was detected in 8 out of 11 B. cereus isolates (72.7%) and 5 B. cereus isolates produced NHE (45.5%). Ten out of eleven B. cereus isolates (90.9%) produced one or more enterotoxin such as HBL and NHE. From the results, using a private hand towel or paper towel is required to prevent the cross-contamination between commonly used hand towel and children`s hands in the child care center.

This study was designed to investigate the formation of ethyl carbamate (EC) during the ripening of Maesil with sugar and Soju (19.5~35% alcohol contents) using a homemade method. Maesil, sugar and Soju were purchased at ordinary market in June of 2012. The preparation of sample for analysis was conducted by method of Henry et al. The analysis of GC/MS was used SIM mode (m/z 89, 74, 62). Quantification was performed in terms of the 62 ion and was based on an internal standard procedure. Good linearity was obtained with a regression coefficient (

The monitoring of pesticide residues was performed on 33 fruit commodities collected in Gyeonggi-do, Korea from 2006 to 2010. Pesticide residues were detected in 431 samples (16.8%) of total 2,558 samples and violated in 12 samples (0.5%). Annual detection rate showed 6.9%~19.4% with the rate of violation of 0.3%~0.9%. Twenty three samples (69.7%) of 33 commodities were detected and 4 samples (12.1%) were violated. Eight pesticides (EPN, dicofol, carbaryl, procymidone, methidathion, prothiofos, fenitrothion and phenthoate) were violated and 62 pesticides were detected. Chloropyrifos was detected most frequently. The rate of detection and violation of citrus fruits in fruits showed the highest level. Organophosphorus pesticides (35%) and insecticide (57%) were detected most frequently. The hazard index (%ADI) of chronic dietary risk assessment by deterministic approach showed that the lower limit value and upper limit value for the whole population were 0.0000~0.7526 and 0.0000~1.3237 respectively. For the only consumer group, the lower limit value and upper limit value were 0.0006~9.7801 and 0.0058~15.9258 respectively. Therefore the hazard index for the whole population and the only consumer group were evaluated as a safe level.

This study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological hazard on nursery school children's hands and to investigate the reduction effect of hand washing education. A total of 59 nursery school children's hands were tested. The average number of total aerobic bacteria was 3.72 ± 0.38 log CFU/hand. Five children's hands(2 male and 3 female) were positive(14.3%) for the coliform bacteria. These results showed that hand washing education are required repetitively. Among the pathogenic bacteria tested in this study, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus were detected in 9(25.7%) and 16(45.7%) out of 35 their hands, respectively. Twelve out of sixteen B. cereus isolates(70.0%) produced enterotoxin. The results indicate that the hand hygiene of nursery school children needs to be improved. Comparing before and after hand washing in educated and non-educated group, the reduction effect of total aerobic bacteria on their hands was 0.42 and 0.60 log CFU/hand, respectively. The educated group showed 0.18 log CFU/hand higher reduction effect than non-educated group but microorganism did not eliminate perfectly. From the results, using a hand sanitizer after washing with soap and the continuous hand washing education are required to control the contaminated bacteria on nursery school children's hands.