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This study has been conducted to evaluate the allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies of the polymorphic gene coding TGF-β in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). TGF-β gene typing was done by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) assay. Allele frequencies were estimated by direct gene counting. C allele at codon 25 was significantly increased, while G allele at this position was significantly decreased in patients compared to the controls. A significantly higher frequency of CG genotype at codon 25 was found in control group. CC genotype and TT genotype at codon 10 of the gene was significantly decreased, while CT genotype at the same position was significantly increased in patients, indicating that CT heterozygosity at codon 10 TGF-β is associated with greater risk of RAS. CG and TG haplotypes were significantly decreased while CC and TC haplotypes were significantly increased in patients compared with controls. This study indicates the TGF-β single nucleotide polymorphisms could play a role in RAS pathogenesis. Thereby certain SNPs of TGF-β gene have an association with RAS pathogenesis. © 2017 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral inflammatory disease with unknown etiology in which the immune system seems to have a role in oral tolerance. Interleukin (IL)-10 is a cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL10 gene could alter this cytokine production. The aim of this study was to investigate frequencies of IL10 alleles and genotypes in a group of individuals with RAS. Genomic DNA of 60 Iranian patients with RAS were typed for IL10 gene (C/A −1082, C/T −819, and C/A −592), using PCR-SSP method. Frequency of each allele and genotype was compared to control group. A significantly higher frequencies of the T allele at position −819 ( p = 0.006) and the A allele at position of −592 ( p < 0.001) were found in the patients with RAS group, when compared to the controls. IL10 GA genotype at position −1082 ( p = 0.007), CA genotype at position −592 ( p = 0.001), and CT genotype at position −819 ( p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the RAS patients. The results of this study suggest that certain SNPs of IL10 gene have association with predisposition of individuals to RAS. However, further multicenter studies should be conducted to confirm the results of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor in response to the article "Lack of Association between Interleukin-12 Gene Polymorphisms and Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis," that was published in a previous issue of the journal is presented.