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2. The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Tran, K, Lang, J, Compton, K, Xu, R, Acheson, A, Henrikson, H, Kocarnik, J, Penberthy, L, Aali, A, Abbas, Q, Abbasi, B, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abbastabar, H, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdelwahab, A, Abdoli, G, Abdulkadir, H, Abedi, A, Abegaz, K, Abidi, H, Aboagye, R, Abolhassani, H, Absalan, A, Abtew, Y, Abubaker Ali, H, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Achappa, B, Acuna, J, Addison, D, Addo, I, Adegboye, O, Adesina, M, Adnan, M, Adnani, Q, Advani, S, Afrin, S, Afzal, M, Aggarwal, M, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, R, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, L, Ahmed, M, Ahmed Rashid, T, Aiman, W, Ajami, M, Akalu, G, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, M, Aklilu, A, Akonde, M, Akunna, C, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Alessy, S, Algammal, A, Al-Hanawi, M, Alhassan, R, Ali, B, Ali, L, Ali, S, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Alkhayyat, M, Al-Maweri, S, Almustanyir, S, Alonso, N, Alqalyoobi, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Al-Rifai, R, Al-Sabah, S, Al-Tammemi, A, Altawalah, H, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, F, Ameyaw, E, Aminian Dehkordi, J, Amirzade-Iranaq, M, Amu, H, Amusa, G, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, J, Animut, Y, Anoushiravani, A, Anoushirvani, A, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Ansha, M, Antony, B, Antwi, M, Anwar, S, Anwer, R, Anyasodor, A, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aremu, O, Argaw, A, Ariffin, H, Aripov, T, Arshad, M, Artaman, A, Arulappan, J, Aruleba, R, Aryannejad, A, Asaad, M, Asemahagn, M, Asemi, Z, Asghari-Jafarabadi, M, Ashraf, T, Assadi, R, Athar, M, Athari, S, Atout, M, Attia, S, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awedew, A, Awoke, M, Awoke, T, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayana, T, Ayen, S, Azadi, D, Azadnajafabad, S, Azami-Aghdash, S, Azanaw, M, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Azari Jafari, A, Azizi, H, Azzam, A, Babajani, A, Badar, M, Badiye, A, Baghcheghi, N, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bahadory, S, Baig, A, Baker, J, Bakhtiari, A, Bakshi, R, Banach, M, Banerjee, I, Bardhan, M, Barone-Adesi, F, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Bashir, N, Bashiri, A, Basu, S, Batiha, A, Begum, A, Bekele, A, Belay, A, Belete, M, Belgaumi, U, Bell, A, Belo, L, Benzian, H, Berhie, A, Bermudez, A, Bernabe, E, Bhagavathula, A, Bhala, N, Bhandari, B, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, V, Bhuyan, S, Bibi, S, Bilchut, A, Bintoro, B, Biondi, A, Birega, M, Birhan, H, Bjorge, T, Blyuss, O, Bodicha, B, Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Brauer, M, Brenner, H, Briko, A, Briko, N, Buchanan, C, Bulamu, N, Bustamante-Teixeira, M, Butt, M, Butt, N, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Camera, L, Cao, C, Cao, Y, Carreras, G, Carvalho, M, Cembranel, F, Cerin, E, Chakraborty, P, Charalampous, P, Chattu, V, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chirinos-Caceres, J, Cho, D, Cho, W, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Chukwu, I, Cohen, A, Conde, J, Cortes, S, Costa, V, Cruz-Martins, N, Culbreth, G, Dadras, O, Dagnaw, F, Dahlawi, S, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Danielewicz, A, Dao, A, Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, R, Darwesh, A, Das, S, Davitoiu, D, Davtalab Esmaeili, E, De la Hoz, F, Debela, S, Dehghan, A, Demisse, B, Demisse, F, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Derakhshani, A, Derbew Molla, M, Dereje, D, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Desalegn, M, Dessalegn, F, Dessalegni, S, Dessie, G, Desta, A, Dewan, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhimal, M, Dianatinasab, M, Diao, N, Diaz, D, Digesa, L, Dixit, S, Doaei, S, Doan, L, Doku, P, Dongarwar, D, dos Santos, W, Driscoll, T, Dsouza, H, Durojaiye, O, Edalati, S, Eghbalian, F, Ehsani-Chimeh, E, Eini, E, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, T, Ekwueme, D, El Tantawi, M, Elbahnasawy, M, Elbarazi, I, Elghazaly, H, Elhadi, M, El-Huneidi, W, Emamian, M, Engelbert Bain, L, Enyew, D, Erkhembayar, R, Eshetu, T, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Espinosa-Montero, J, Etaee, F, Etemadimanesh, A, Eyayu, T, Ezeonwumelu, I, Ezzikouri, S, Fagbamigbe, A, Fahimi, S, Fakhradiyev, I, Faraon, E, Fares, J, Farmany, A, Farooque, U, Farrokhpour, H, Fasanmi, A, Fatehizadeh, A, Fatima, W, Fattahi, H, Fekadu, G, Feleke, B, Ferrari, A, Ferrero, S, Ferro Desideri, L, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foroumadi, R, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gaal, P, Gad, M, Gadanya, M, Gaipov, A, Galehdar, N, Gallus, S, Garg, T, Gaspar Fonseca, M, Gebremariam, Y, Gebremeskel, T, Gebremichael, M, Geda, Y, Gela, Y, Gemeda, B, Getachew, M, Ghaffari, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, S, Ghasemi Nour, M, Ghassemi, F, Ghimire, A, Ghith, N, Gholamalizadeh, M, Gholizadeh Navashenaq, J, Ghozy, S, Gilani, S, Gill, P, Ginindza, T, Gizaw, A, Glasbey, J, Godos, J, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Golitaleb, M, Gorini, G, Goulart, B, Grosso, G, Guadie, H, Gubari, M, Gudayu, T, Guerra, M, Gunawardane, D, Gupta, B, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Gurara, M, Guta, A, Habibzadeh, P, Haddadi Avval, A, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hajj Ali, A, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halboub, E, Halimi, A, Halwani, R, Hamadeh, R, Hameed, S, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Hariri, S, Harlianto, N, Haro, J, Hartono, R, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, S, Hasani, H, Hashemi, S, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Heidarymeybodi, Z, Herrera-Serna, B, Herteliu, C, Hezam, K, Hiraike, Y, Hlongwa, M, Holla, R, Holm, M, Horita, N, Hoseini, M, Hossain, M, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, A, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Hugo, F, Humayun, A, Hussain, S, Hussein, N, Hwang, B, Ibitoye, S, Iftikhar, P, Ikuta, K, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Immurana, M, Innos, K, Iranpour, P, Irham, L, Islam, M, Islam, R, Islami, F, Ismail, N, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, J, L, Jaiswal, A, Jakovljevic, M, Jalili, M, Jalilian, S, Jamshidi, E, Jang, S, Jani, C, Javaheri, T, Jayarajah, U, Jayaram, S, Jazayeri, S, Jebai, R, Jemal, B, Jeong, W, Jha, R, Jindal, H, John-Akinola, Y, Jonas, J, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kacimi, S, Kadashetti, V, Kahe, F, Kakodkar, P, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamal, V, Kamangar, F, Kamath, A, Kanchan, T, Kandaswamy, E, Kandel, H, Kang, H, Kanno, G, Kapoor, N, Kar, S, Karanth, S, Karaye, I, Karch, A, Karimi, A, Kassa, B, Katoto, P, Kauppila, J, Kaur, H, Kebede, A, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Kejela, G, Kemp Bohan, P, Keramati, M, Keykhaei, M, Khajuria, H, Khan, A, Khan, E, Khan, G, Khan, M, Khanali, J, Khatab, K, Khatatbeh, M, Khatib, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Khayat Kashani, H, Khazeei Tabari, M, Khezeli, M, Khodadost, M, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Klugar, M, Klugarova, J, Kolahi, A, Kolkhir, P, Kompani, F, Koul, P, Koulmane Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kugbey, N, Kulimbet, M, Kumar, A, Kumar, G, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kuttikkattu, A, La Vecchia, C, Lahiri, A, Lal, D, Lam, J, Lan, Q, Landires, I, Larijani, B, Lasrado, S, Lau, J, Lauriola, P, Ledda, C, Lee, S, Lee, W, Lee, Y, Legesse, S, Leigh, J, Leong, E, Li, M, Lim, S, Liu, G, Liu, J, Lo, C, Lohiya, A, Lopukhov, P, Lorenzovici, L, Lotfi, M, Loureiro, J, Lunevicius, R, Madadizadeh, F, Mafi, A, Magdeldin, S, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoodpoor, A, Mahmoudi, M, Mahmoudimanesh, M, Mahumud, R, Majeed, A, Majidpoor, J, Makki, A, Makris, K, Malakan Rad, E, Malekpour, M, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Mallhi, T, Mallya, S, Mamun, M, Manda, A, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Martini, S, Martorell, M, Masoudi, S, Masoumi, S, Matei, C, Mathews, E, Mathur, M, Mathur, V, Mckee, M, Meena, J, Mehmood, K, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Mehrotra, R, Melese, A, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, S, Mensah, L, Mentis, A, Mera-Mamian, A, Meretoja, T, Merid, M, Mersha, A, Meselu, B, Meshkat, M, Mestrovic, T, Miao Jonasson, J, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Mijena, G, Miller, T, Mir, S, Mirinezhad, S, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M, Mirzaei, H, Misganaw, A, Misra, S, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, E, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, A, Mohammed, S, Mohan, S, Mohseni, M, Moka, N, Mokdad, A, Molassiotis, A, Molokhia, M, Momenzadeh, K, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Mons, U, Montasir, A, Montazeri, F, Montero, A, Moosavi, M, Moradi, A, Moradi, Y, Moradi Sarabi, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Morrison, S, Morze, J, Mosapour, A, Mostafavi, E, Mousavi, S, Mousavi Isfahani, H, Mousavi Khaneghah, A, Mpundu-Kaambwa, C, Mubarik, S, Mulita, F, Munblit, D, Munro, S, Murillo-Zamora, E, Musa, J, Nabhan, A, Nagarajan, A, Nagaraju, S, Nagel, G, Naghipour, M, Naimzada, M, Nair, T, Naqvi, A, Narasimha Swamy, S, Narayana, A, Nassereldine, H, Natto, Z, Nayak, B, Ndejjo, R, Nduaguba, S, Negash, W, Nejadghaderi, S, Nejati, K, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, H, Niazi, R, Noor, N, Noori, M, Noroozi, N, Nouraei, H, Nowroozi, A, Nunez-Samudio, V, Nzoputam, C, Nzoputam, O, Oancea, B, Odukoya, O, Oghenetega, O, Ogunsakin, R, Oguntade, A, Oh, I, Okati-Aliabad, H, Okekunle, A, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Olakunde, B, Olufadewa, I, Omer, E, Omonisi, A, Ong, S, Onwujekwe, O, Orru, H, Otstavnov, S, Oulhaj, A, Oumer, B, Owopetu, O, Oyinloye, B, P A, M, Padron-Monedero, A, Padubidri, J, Pakbin, B, Pakshir, K, Pakzad, R, Palicz, T, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Pant, S, Pardhan, S, Park, E, Park, S, Patel, J, Pati, S, Paudel, R, Paudel, U, Paun, M, Pazoki Toroudi, H, Peng, M, Pereira, J, Pereira, R, Perna, S, Perumalsamy, N, Pestell, R, Pezzani, R, Piccinelli, C, Pillay, J, Piracha, Z, Pischon, T, Postma, M, Pourabhari Langroudi, A, Pourshams, A, Pourtaheri, N, Prashant, A, Qadir, M, Quazi Syed, Z, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Radhakrishnan, R, Radhakrishnan, V, Raeisi, M, Rafiee, A, Rafiei, A, Raheem, N, Rahim, F, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rahmani, S, Rahmanian, V, Rajai, N, Rajesh, A, Ram, P, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, J, Ranabhat, K, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rashedi, S, Rashidi, A, Rashidi, M, Ratan, Z, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Razeghinia, M, Rehman, A, Rehman, I, Reitsma, M, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, M, Rezaei, N, Rezaei, S, Rezaeian, M, Rezapour, A, Riad, A, Rikhtegar, R, Rios-Blancas, M, Roberts, T, Rohloff, P, Romero-Rodriguez, E, Roshandel, G, Rwegerera, G, S, M, Saber-Ayad, M, Saberzadeh-Ardestani, B, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Saeb, M, Saeed, U, Safaei, M, Safary, A, Sahebazzamani, M, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, H, Sajid, M, Salari, H, Salehi, S, Salem, M, Salimzadeh, H, Samodra, Y, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sankararaman, S, Sanmarchi, F, Santric-Milicevic, M, Saqib, M, Sarveazad, A, Sarvi, F, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Sayegh, N, Schneider, I, Schwarzinger, M, Sekerija, M, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Seylani, A, Seyoum, K, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shah, P, Shahabi, S, Shahid, I, Shahrbaf, M, Shahsavari, H, Shaikh, M, Shaka, M, Shaker, E, Shannawaz, M, Sharew, M, Sharifi, A, Sharifi-Rad, J, Sharma, P, Shashamo, B, Sheikh, A, Sheikh, M, Sheikhbahaei, S, Sheikhi, R, Sheikhy, A, Shepherd, P, Shetty, A, Shetty, J, Shetty, R, Shibuya, K, Shirkoohi, R, Shirzad-Aski, H, Shivakumar, K, Shivalli, S, Shivarov, V, Shobeiri, P, Shokri Varniab, Z, Shorofi, S, Shrestha, S, Sibhat, M, Siddappa Malleshappa, S, Sidemo, N, Silva, D, Silva, L, Silva Julian, G, Silvestris, N, Simegn, W, Singh, A, Singh, G, Singh, H, Singh, J, Singh, P, Singh, S, Sinha, D, Sinke, A, Siraj, M, Sitas, F, Siwal, S, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Socea, B, Soeberg, M, Sofi-Mahmudi, A, Solomon, Y, Soltani-Zangbar, M, Song, S, Song, Y, Sorensen, R, Soshnikov, S, Sotoudeh, H, Sowe, A, Sufiyan, M, Suk, R, Suleman, M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R, Sultana, S, Sur, D, Szocska, M, Tabaeian, S, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabatabaei, S, Tabuchi, T, Tadbiri, H, Taheri, E, Taheri, M, Taheri Soodejani, M, Takahashi, K, Talaat, I, Tampa, M, Tan, K, Tat, N, Tat, V, Tavakoli, A, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekalegn, Y, Tesfay, F, Thapar, R, Thavamani, A, Thoguluva Chandrasekar, V, Thomas, N, Ticoalu, J, Tiyuri, A, Tollosa, D, Topor-Madry, R, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, M, Tripathy, J, Ukke, G, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Unnikrishnan, B, Vacante, M, Vaezi, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Vardavas, C, Varthya, S, Vaziri, S, Velazquez, D, Veroux, M, Villeneuve, P, Violante, F, Vladimirov, S, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Vu, L, Wadood, A, Waheed, Y, Walde, M, Wamai, R, Wang, C, Wang, F, Wang, N, Wang, Y, Ward, P, Waris, A, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, N, Woldemariam, M, Woldu, B, Xiao, H, Xu, S, Xu, X, Yadav, L, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yang, L, Yazdanpanah, F, Yeshaw, Y, Yismaw, Y, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yousefi, Z, Yousefian, F, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Yunusa, I, Zahir, M, Zaki, N, Zaman, B, Zangiabadian, M, Zare, F, Zare, I, Zareshahrabadi, Z, Zarrintan, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zeineddine, M, Zhang, D, Zhang, J, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhou, L, Zodpey, S, Zoladl, M, Vos, T, Hay, S, Force, L, Murray, C, Tran K. B., Lang J. J., Compton K., Xu R., Acheson A. R., Henrikson H. J., Kocarnik J. M., Penberthy L., Aali A., Abbas Q., Abbasi B., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbasi-Kangevari Z., Abbastabar H., Abdelmasseh M., Abd-Elsalam S., Abdelwahab A. A., Abdoli G., Abdulkadir H. A., Abedi A., Abegaz K. H., Abidi H., Aboagye R. G., Abolhassani H., Absalan A., Abtew Y. D., Abubaker Ali H., Abu-Gharbieh E., Achappa B., Acuna J. M., Addison D., Addo I. Y., Adegboye O. A., Adesina M. A., Adnan M., Adnani Q. E. S., Advani S. M., Afrin S., Afzal M. S., Aggarwal M., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad A. R., Ahmad R., Ahmad S., Ahmadi S., Ahmed H., Ahmed L. A., Ahmed M. B., Ahmed Rashid T., Aiman W., Ajami M., Akalu G. T., Akbarzadeh-Khiavi M., Aklilu A., Akonde M., Akunna C. J., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Alanezi F. M., Alanzi T. M., Alessy S. A., Algammal A. M., Al-Hanawi M. K., Alhassan R. K., Ali B. A., Ali L., Ali S. S., Alimohamadi Y., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Alkhayyat M., Al-Maweri S. A. A., Almustanyir S., Alonso N., Alqalyoobi S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Al-Rifai R. H. H., Al-Sabah S. K., Al-Tammemi A. B., Altawalah H., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare F., Ameyaw E. K., Aminian Dehkordi J. J., Amirzade-Iranaq M. H., Amu H., Amusa G. A., Ancuceanu R., Anderson J. A., Animut Y. A., Anoushiravani A., Anoushirvani A. A., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Ansha M. G., Antony B., Antwi M. H., Anwar S. L., Anwer R., Anyasodor A. E., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Argaw A. M., Ariffin H., Aripov T., Arshad M., Artaman A., Arulappan J., Aruleba R. T., Aryannejad A., Asaad M., Asemahagn M. A., Asemi Z., Asghari-Jafarabadi M., Ashraf T., Assadi R., Athar M., Athari S. S., Atout M. M. W., Attia S., Aujayeb A., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Awedew A. F., Awoke M. A., Awoke T., Ayala Quintanilla B. P., Ayana T. M., Ayen S. S., Azadi D., Azadnajafabad S., Azami-Aghdash S., Azanaw M. M., Azangou-Khyavy M., Azari Jafari A., Azizi H., Azzam A. Y. Y., Babajani A., Badar M., Badiye A. D., Baghcheghi N., Bagheri N., Bagherieh S., Bahadory S., Baig A. A., Baker J. L., Bakhtiari A., Bakshi R. K., Banach M., Banerjee I., Bardhan M., Barone-Adesi F., Barra F., Barrow A., Bashir N. Z., Bashiri A., Basu S., Batiha A. -M. M., Begum A., Bekele A. B., Belay A. S., Belete M. A., Belgaumi U. I., Bell A. W., Belo L., Benzian H., Berhie A. Y., Bermudez A. N. C., Bernabe E., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhala N., Bhandari B. B., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhojaraja V. S., Bhuyan S. S., Bibi S., Bilchut A. H., Bintoro B. S., Biondi A., Birega M. G. B., Birhan H. E., Bjorge T., Blyuss O., Bodicha B. B. A., Bolla S. R., Boloor A., Bosetti C., Braithwaite D., Brauer M., Brenner H., Briko A. N., Briko N. I., Buchanan C. M., Bulamu N. B., Bustamante-Teixeira M. T., Butt M. H., Butt N. S., Butt Z. A., Caetano dos Santos F. L., Camera L. A., Cao C., Cao Y., Carreras G., Carvalho M., Cembranel F., Cerin E., Chakraborty P. A., Charalampous P., Chattu V. K., Chimed-Ochir O., Chirinos-Caceres J. L., Cho D. Y., Cho W. C. S., Christopher D. J., Chu D. -T., Chukwu I. S., Cohen A. J., Conde J., Cortes S., Costa V. M., Cruz-Martins N., Culbreth G. T., Dadras O., Dagnaw F. T., Dahlawi S. M. A., Dai X., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Danielewicz A., Dao A. T. M., Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R., Darwesh A. M., Das S., Davitoiu D. V., Davtalab Esmaeili E., De la Hoz F. P., Debela S. A., Dehghan A., Demisse B., Demisse F. W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Derakhshani A., Derbew Molla M., Dereje D., Deribe K. S., Desai R., Desalegn M. D., Dessalegn F. N., Dessalegni S. A. A., Dessie G., Desta A. A., Dewan S. M. R., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhimal M., Dianatinasab M., Diao N., Diaz D., Digesa L. E., Dixit S. G., Doaei S., Doan L. P., Doku P. N., Dongarwar D., dos Santos W. M., Driscoll T. R., Dsouza H. L., Durojaiye O. C., Edalati S., Eghbalian F., Ehsani-Chimeh E., Eini E., Ekholuenetale M., Ekundayo T. C., Ekwueme D. 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A., Khanali J., Khatab K., Khatatbeh M. M., Khatib M. N., Khayamzadeh M., Khayat Kashani H. R., Khazeei Tabari M. A., Khezeli M., Khodadost M., Kim M. S., Kim Y. J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Klugar M., Klugarova J., Kolahi A. -A., Kolkhir P., Kompani F., Koul P. A., Koulmane Laxminarayana S. L., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy Y., Kucuk Bicer B., Kugbey N., Kulimbet M., Kumar A., Kumar G. A., Kumar N., Kurmi O. P., Kuttikkattu A., La Vecchia C., Lahiri A., Lal D. K., Lam J., Lan Q., Landires I., Larijani B., Lasrado S., Lau J., Lauriola P., Ledda C., Lee S. -W., Lee S. W. H., Lee W. -C., Lee Y. Y., Lee Y. H., Legesse S. M., Leigh J., Leong E., Li M. -C., Lim S. S., Liu G., Liu J., Lo C. -H., Lohiya A., Lopukhov P. D., Lorenzovici L., Lotfi M., Loureiro J. A., Lunevicius R., Madadizadeh F., Mafi A. R., Magdeldin S., Mahjoub S., Mahmoodpoor A., Mahmoudi M., Mahmoudimanesh M., Mahumud R. A., Majeed A., Majidpoor J., Makki A., Makris K. C., Malakan Rad E., Malekpour M. -R., Malekzadeh R., Malik A. A., Mallhi T. H., Mallya S. D., Mamun M. A., Manda A. L., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Martini S., Martorell M., Masoudi S., Masoumi S. Z., Matei C. N., Mathews E., Mathur M. R., Mathur V., McKee M., Meena J. K., Mehmood K., Mehrabi Nasab E., Mehrotra R., Melese A., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mengesha S. D., Mensah L. G., Mentis A. -F. A., Mera-Mamian A. Y. M., Meretoja T. J., Merid M. W., Mersha A. G., Meselu B. T., Meshkat M., Mestrovic T., Miao Jonasson J., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Mijena G. F. W., Miller T. R., Mir S. A., Mirinezhad S. K., Mirmoeeni S., Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei H. R., Misganaw A. S., Misra S., Mohammad K. A., Mohammadi E., Mohammadi M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed A., Mohammed S., Mohan S., Mohseni M., Moka N., Mokdad A. H., Molassiotis A., Molokhia M., Momenzadeh K., Momtazmanesh S., Monasta L., Mons U., Montasir A. A., Montazeri F., Montero A., Moosavi M. A., Moradi A., Moradi Y., Moradi Sarabi M., Moraga P., Morawska L., Morrison S. D., Morze J., Mosapour A., Mostafavi E., Mousavi S. M., Mousavi Isfahani H., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mpundu-Kaambwa C., Mubarik S., Mulita F., Munblit D., Munro S. B., Murillo-Zamora E., Musa J., Nabhan A. F., Nagarajan A. J., Nagaraju S. P., Nagel G., Naghipour M., Naimzada M. D., Nair T. S., Naqvi A. A., Narasimha Swamy S., Narayana A. I., Nassereldine H., Natto Z. S., Nayak B. P., Ndejjo R., Nduaguba S. O., Negash W. W., Nejadghaderi S. A., Nejati K., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen H. V. N., Niazi R. K., Noor N. M., Noori M., Noroozi N., Nouraei H., Nowroozi A., Nunez-Samudio V., Nzoputam C. I., Nzoputam O. J., Oancea B., Odukoya O. O., Oghenetega O. B., Ogunsakin R. E., Oguntade A. S., Oh I. -H., Okati-Aliabad H., Okekunle A. P., Olagunju A. T., Olagunju T. O., Olakunde B. O., Olufadewa I. I., Omer E., Omonisi A. E. E., Ong S., Onwujekwe O. E., Orru H., Otstavnov S. S., Oulhaj A., Oumer B., Owopetu O. F., Oyinloye B. E., P A M., Padron-Monedero A., Padubidri J. R., Pakbin B., Pakshir K., Pakzad R., Palicz T., Pana A., Pandey A., Pant S., Pardhan S., Park E. -C., Park E. -K., Park S., Patel J., Pati S., Paudel R., Paudel U., Paun M., Pazoki Toroudi H., Peng M., Pereira J., Pereira R. B., Perna S., Perumalsamy N., Pestell R. G., Pezzani R., Piccinelli C., Pillay J. D., Piracha Z. Z., Pischon T., Postma M. J., Pourabhari Langroudi A., Pourshams A., Pourtaheri N., Prashant A., Qadir M. M. F., Quazi Syed Z., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Radhakrishnan R. A., Radhakrishnan V., Raeisi M., Rafiee A., Rafiei A., Raheem N., Rahim F., Rahman M. O., Rahman M., Rahman M. A., Rahmani A. M., Rahmani S., Rahmanian V., Rajai N., Rajesh A., Ram P., Ramezanzadeh K., Rana J., Ranabhat K., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rashedi S., Rashidi A., Rashidi M., Rashidi M. -M., Ratan Z. A., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Razeghinia M. S., Rehman A. U., Rehman I. U., Reitsma M. B., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei M., Rezaei N., Rezaei S., Rezaeian M., Rezapour A., Riad A., Rikhtegar R., Rios-Blancas M., Roberts T. J., Rohloff P., Romero-Rodriguez E., Roshandel G., Rwegerera G. M., S M., Saber-Ayad M. M., Saberzadeh-Ardestani B., Sabour S., Saddik B., Sadeghi E., Saeb M. R., Saeed U., Safaei M., Safary A., Sahebazzamani M., Sahebkar A., Sahoo H., Sajid M. R., Salari H., Salehi S., Salem M. R., Salimzadeh H., Samodra Y. L., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sankararaman S., Sanmarchi F., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Saqib M. A. N., Sarveazad A., Sarvi F., Sathian B., Satpathy M., Sayegh N., Schneider I. J. C., Schwarzinger M., Sekerija M., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S. G., Seylani A., Seyoum K., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shah P. A., Shahabi S., Shahid I., Shahrbaf M. A., Shahsavari H. R., Shaikh M. A., Shaka M. F., Shaker E., Shannawaz M., Sharew M. M. S., Sharifi A., Sharifi-Rad J., Sharma P., Shashamo B. B., Sheikh A., Sheikh M., Sheikhbahaei S., Sheikhi R. A., Sheikhy A., Shepherd P. R., Shetty A., Shetty J. K., Shetty R. S., Shibuya K., Shirkoohi R., Shirzad-Aski H., Shivakumar K. M., Shivalli S., Shivarov V., Shobeiri P., Shokri Varniab Z., Shorofi S. A., Shrestha S., Sibhat M. M., Siddappa Malleshappa S. K., Sidemo N. B., Silva D. A. S., Silva L. M. L. R., Silva Julian G., Silvestris N., Simegn W., Singh A. D., Singh A., Singh G., Singh H., Singh J. A., Singh J. K., Singh P., Singh S., Sinha D. N., Sinke A. H., Siraj M. S., Sitas F., Siwal S. S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Socea B., Soeberg M. J., Sofi-Mahmudi A., Solomon Y., Soltani-Zangbar M. S., Song S., Song Y., Sorensen R. J. D., Soshnikov S., Sotoudeh H., Sowe A., Sufiyan M. B., Suk R., Suleman M., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Sultana S., Sur D., Szocska M., Tabaeian S. P., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabatabaei S. M., Tabuchi T., Tadbiri H., Taheri E., Taheri M., Taheri Soodejani M., Takahashi K., Talaat I. M., Tampa M., Tan K. -K., Tat N. Y., Tat V. Y., Tavakoli A., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekalegn Y., Tesfay F. H., Thapar R., Thavamani A., Thoguluva Chandrasekar V., Thomas N., Thomas N. K., Ticoalu J. H. V., Tiyuri A., Tollosa D. N., Topor-Madry R., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran M. T. N., Tripathy J. P., Ukke G. G., Ullah I., Ullah S., Unnikrishnan B., Vacante M., Vaezi M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P. R., Vardavas C., Varthya S. B., Vaziri S., Velazquez D. Z., Veroux M., Villeneuve P. J., Violante F. S., Vladimirov S. K., Vlassov V., Vo B., Vu L. G., Wadood A. W., Waheed Y., Walde M. T., Wamai R. G., Wang C., Wang F., Wang N., Wang Y., Ward P., Waris A., Westerman R., Wickramasinghe N. D., Woldemariam M., Woldu B., Xiao H., Xu S., Xu X., Yadav L., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yang L., Yazdanpanah F., Yeshaw Y., Yismaw Y., Yonemoto N., Younis M. Z., Yousefi Z., Yousefian F., Yu C., Yu Y., Yunusa I., Zahir M., Zaki N., Zaman B. A., Zangiabadian M., Zare F., Zare I., Zareshahrabadi Z., Zarrintan A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zeineddine M. A., Zhang D., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhou L., Zodpey S., Zoladl M., Vos T., Hay S. I., Force L. M., and Murray C. J. L.
- Abstract
Background: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01-4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3-48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1-45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60-3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8-54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36-1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5-41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6-28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8-25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [2
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- 2022
3. Hypercoagulability States in COVID-19 Patients and Cutaneous Findings as Its Marker
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Yousefian F
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,business ,Gastroenterology - Abstract
Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 have a higher risk for thrombosis, which is the term used to denote an occlusion or blood clot that occurs in a vein [1-4]. These, in turn, can lead to detrimental consequences including motor impairments, as well as increased morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, it is vital to assess routine laboratory and cutaneous findings to prevent any ensuing organ damage. German physician Rudolf Virchow identified some of the primary factors that may increase an individual’s susceptibility to developing thrombophilia [1-5]. Virchow’s triad comprises endothelial vessel wall injury, stasis or slowing down of the blood, and finally, hypercoagulability [2-4]. These three factors can be exacerbated by many components, including an individual’s genetic predisposition, or acquired factors like COVID-19, smoking, or hypertension [1,3,4]. Their contribution to hypercoagulability is discussed next. Endothelial injury can lead to turbulences in blood vessels, subsequently altering blood flow dynamics. If left unchanged, an inflammatory response is mounted via the complement system. Activation of the complement system results in an increased concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, thus promoting a hypercoagulable state [1,2]. As discussed above, stasis, which is used to describe immobilization of blood flow can result from prolonged stillness and directly increases hypercoagulability in patients [1,2]. Finally, prothrombic factors from the coagulation cascade system of our body can be altered, thus leading to a hypercoagulable state [1,2]. The correlation of Virchow’s triad as it relates specifically to COVID-19 patients will be discussed in detail below. Studies have shown that endothelial cell injury can occur as a direct response to the COVID-19 virus [1-4]. The damage created by the virus leads to activation of the complement-mediated system factors C5b-9, which subsequently leads to hypercoagulability [2,3]. In addition, endothelial injury can also result from the catheterization and intubation procedures implemented in severe COVID-19 cases, which can cause physical damage to blood vessels. Additionally, COVID-19 patients, especially those necessitating hospitalization and ICU care, are at an increased risk of thrombosis due to their prolonged immobility. This largely sedentary state directly impacts blood flow dynamics, for it promotes the genesis of stasis. Thirdly, the elevation of prothrombic factors such as fibrinogen and D-dimmer levels have been reported in COVID-19 patients, which directly lead to prolongation of Prothrombin Time (PT) and activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) [1-3]. Routine monitoring of blood labs, including Complete Blood Count (CBC), platelet count, coagulation studies (PT and aPTT), fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels should be assessed to evaluate the coagulability state of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, given the fact that a hypercoagulable state can also manifest as a dermatological condition, physicians can also use this as a metric to diagnose hypercoagulability in patients [5]. Some of the most common cutaneous manifestations of hypercoagulability include purpura, livedo reticularis, livedo vasculopathy, chronic venous ulcers, and superficial venous thrombosis [4,5]. The clinical manifestation of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), Pulmonary Embolism (PE), stroke, limb ischemia, bleeding, and any associated dermatological findings urge us to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 and increased susceptibility to bleeding and thrombosis [1-3]. This way, physicians can predict hypercoagulability state severity in COVID-19 patients and be better equipped to assess the overall risk of morbidity and mortality.
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- 2021
4. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Virtual CPR Training in Midwives of Shahid Hasheminezhad Hospital in Mashhad.
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Farmad, S. Akbari and Yousefian, F.
- Abstract
Copyright of Medical Education Journal / Āmūzish-i Pizishkī is the property of Babol University of Medical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2022
5. A NOVEL WATER INDEX (SWI) FOR SALTY WATER FROM LANDSAT 8 OLI/TIRS
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Yousefian, F., primary, Sahebi, M., additional, Shokri, M., additional, and Moradi, M., additional
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- 2019
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6. Calculation of flow and solute deposition through three-dimensional reconstructed model of microporous membranes
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Charcosset, Catherine, Yousefian, F., Thovert, J.-F., and Adler, P.M.
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- 2002
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7. Short duration small sided football and to a lesser extent whole body vibration exercise induce acute changes in markers of bone turnover
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Bowtell, Joanna L., Jackman, Sarah R, Scott, Suzanne, Connolly, Luke J., Mohr, Magni, Ermidis, Giorgos, Julian, R, Yousefian, F, Helge, Eva Wulff, Jørgensen, Niclas Rye, Fulford, J, Knapp, Karen M., Krustrup, P, Bowtell, Joanna L., Jackman, Sarah R, Scott, Suzanne, Connolly, Luke J., Mohr, Magni, Ermidis, Giorgos, Julian, R, Yousefian, F, Helge, Eva Wulff, Jørgensen, Niclas Rye, Fulford, J, Knapp, Karen M., and Krustrup, P
- Abstract
We aimed to study whether short-duration vibration exercise or football sessions of two different durations acutely changed plasma markers of bone turnover and muscle strain. Inactive premenopausal women (n = 56) were randomized to complete a single bout of short (FG15) or long duration (FG60) small sided football or low magnitude whole body vibration training (VIB). Procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) was increased during exercise for FG15 (51.6 ± 23.0 to 56.5 ± 22.5 μg·L(-1), mean ± SD, P < 0.05) and FG60 (42.6 ± 11.8 to 50.2 ± 12.8 μg·L(-1), P < 0.05) but not for VIB (38.8 ± 15.1 to 36.6 ± 14.7 μg·L(-1), P > 0.05). An increase in osteocalcin was observed 48 h after exercise (P < 0.05), which did not differ between exercise groups. C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen was not affected by exercise. Blood lactate concentration increased during exercise for FG15 (0.6 ± 0.2 to 3.4 ± 1.2 mM) and FG60 (0.6 ± 0.2 to 3.3 ± 2.0 mM), but not for VIB (0.6 ± 0.2 to 0.8 ± 0.4 mM) (P < 0.05). Plasma creatine kinase increased by 55 ± 63% and 137 ± 119% 48 h after FG15 and FG60 (P < 0.05), but not after VIB (26 ± 54%, NS). In contrast to the minor elevation in osteocalcin in response to a single session of vibration exercise, both short and longer durations of small sided football acutely increased plasma P1NP, osteocalcin, and creatine kinase. This may contribute to favorable effects of chronic training on musculoskeletal health.
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- 2016
8. Short Duration Small Sided Football and to a Lesser Extent Whole Body Vibration Exercise Induce Acute Changes in Markers of Bone Turnover
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Bowtell, J. L., primary, Jackman, S. R., additional, Scott, S., additional, Connolly, L. J., additional, Mohr, M., additional, Ermidis, G., additional, Julian, R., additional, Yousefian, F., additional, Helge, E. W., additional, Jørgensen, N. R., additional, Fulford, J., additional, Knapp, K. M., additional, and Krustrup, P., additional
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- 2016
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9. Convex nondifferentiable stochastic optimization: A local randomized smoothing technique.
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Yousefian, F., Nedic?, A., and Shanbhag, U.V.
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- 2010
10. Transport of organic components from immobile and bypassed oil in porous media
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Huseby, O., primary, Haugan, A., additional, Sagen, J., additional, Muller, J., additional, Bennett, B., additional, Larter, S., additional, Kikkinides, E. S., additional, Stubos, A. K., additional, Yousefian, F., additional, Thovert, J.-F., additional, and Adler, P. M., additional
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- 2003
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11. Real Porous Media: Local Geometry and Transports
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Adler, P. M., primary, Thovert, J.-F., additional, Bekri, S., additional, and Yousefian, F., additional
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- 2002
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12. Solute transport at fracture intersections
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Mourzenko, V. V., primary, Yousefian, F., additional, Kolbah, B., additional, Thovert, J.‐F., additional, and Adler, P. M., additional
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- 2002
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13. Grain reconstruction of porous media: Application to a low-porosity Fontainebleau sandstone
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Thovert, J.-F., primary, Yousefian, F., additional, Spanne, P., additional, Jacquin, C. G., additional, and Adler, P. M., additional
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- 2001
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14. Pore geometry and transport properties in North Sea chalk
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Bekri, S., primary, Xu, K., additional, Yousefian, F., additional, Adler, P.M., additional, Thovert, J.-F., additional, Muller, J., additional, Iden, K., additional, Psyllos, A., additional, Stubos, A.K., additional, and Ioannidis, M.A., additional
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- 2000
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15. Recovery of temperature and species concentration profiles in flames using low-resolution infrared spectroscopy
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Yousefian, F., Sakami, M., and Lallemand, M.
- Subjects
Flame -- Research ,Laminar flow -- Research ,Propane -- Research ,Numerical analysis -- Models ,Mathematical models -- Usage ,Radiative transfer -- Research ,Engineering and manufacturing industries ,Science and technology - Abstract
Two low-resolution reconstruction techniques were developed to retrieve temperature and species distributions in semi-transparent gaseous axisymmetric objects. They were specifically developed for laminar premixed propane-air flames, based on low-resolution experimental emission and/or transmission data. One method was found to be effective for media of limited optical thickness in the validity range of which the recovered temperature fields are in agreement with those measured directly by conventional thermocouple sounding.
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- 1999
16. INVERSE RADIATIVE ANALYSIS OF HIGH-RESOLUTION INFRARED EMISSION DATA FOR TEMPERATURE AND SPECIES PROFILES RECOVERIES IN AXISYMMETRIC SEMI-TRANSPARENT MEDIA
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YOUSEFIAN, F., primary and LALLEMAND, M., additional
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- 1998
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17. Problème de Stefan direct dans un milieu semi-transparent gris
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Le Dez, V., primary, Yousefian, F., additional, Vaillon, R., additional, Lemonnier, D., additional, and Lallemand, M., additional
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- 1996
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18. Problème de Stefan inverse dans un milieu semi-transparent gris à parois noires
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Yousefian, F., primary, Le Dez, V., additional, and Lallemand, M., additional
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- 1996
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19. Probl?me de Stefan inverse dans un milieu semi-transparent gris ? parois noires
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Yousefian, F., Le Dez, V., and Lallemand, M.
- Abstract
The Stefan problem is studied for the melting of an one-dimensional plane parallel semi-transparent material fitted with black boundaries. The system is defined for a fixed spatio-temporal [0, 1]?[0, ?] domain. The inverse problem is solved by an optimization method associated with a sequential method based on a moving time horizon. It allows to retrieve the interface position as a function of time from a set of temperature data measured on the fixed boundary. The study is supported by solution of the direct problem accounting for the radiative-conductive coupling solved by means of the discrete ordinates method. For high initial optical thicknesses, the method provides satisfactory results even with noisy input data. When the medium becomes opticaly, thin the sensitivity coefficient is too weak to insure the inversion. Le probl?me de Stefan inverse est ?tudi? pour un processus de fusion franche dans un mat?riau semi-transparent gris monodimensionnel ? fronti?res noires. Le syst?me est d?fini dans le domaine spatio-temporel fixe [0, 1]?[0, ?]. La r?solution du probl?me inverse par une m?thode d'optimisation associ?e ? la m?thode s?quentielle sur un horizon de temps mobile permet de retrouver la position de l'interface en fonction du temps ? partir d'un ensemble de donn?es de temp?rature relev? sur la paroi fixe. L'?tude s'appuie sur la r?solution du probl?me direct du couplage au sein du milieu entre les ph?nom?nes de rayonnement et de conduction effectu? par la m?thode des ordonn?es discr?tes. Pour des ?paisseurs optiques initialement grandes la m?thode fournit des r?sultats satisfaisants lorsque les entr?es sont bruit?es. Lorsque le milieu est ou devient optiquement mince, le coefficient de sensibilit? correspondant est trop faible pour permettre l'inversion.
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- 1996
20. Incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis in Iranian women: A longitudinal two-year study in Zanjan Province of Iran
- Author
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Niksirat, A., Ghoreishy, A., Alireza Shoghli, Kolifarhood, G., and Yousefian, F.
21. Occurrence and fate of 17β-estradiol in water resources and wastewater in Ahvaz, Iran
- Author
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Hassani, G., Babaei, A. A., Takdastan, A., Shirmardi, M., Yousefian, F., and Mohammad javad Mohammadi
22. The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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Khanh Bao Tran, Justin J Lang, Kelly Compton, Rixing Xu, Alistair R Acheson, Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson, Jonathan M Kocarnik, Louise Penberthy, Amirali Aali, Qamar Abbas, Behzad Abbasi, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Hedayat Abbastabar, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Ahmed Abdelwahab Abdelwahab, Gholamreza Abdoli, Hanan Abdulkadir Abdulkadir, Aidin Abedi, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Hassan Abidi, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Abdorrahim Absalan, Yonas Derso Abtew, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Basavaprabhu Achappa, Juan Manuel Acuna, Daniel Addison, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Oyelola A Adegboye, Miracle Ayomikun Adesina, Mohammad Adnan, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Shailesh M Advani, Sumia Afrin, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Manik Aggarwal, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Sohail Ahmad, Sepideh Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Luai A Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Wajeeha Aiman, Marjan Ajami, Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Addis Aklilu, Maxwell Akonde, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fares Alahdab, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Saleh Ali Alessy, Abdelazeem M Algammal, Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Liaqat Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Yousef Alimohamadi, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Motasem Alkhayyat, Sadeq Ali Ali Al-Maweri, Sami Almustanyir, Nivaldo Alonso, Shehabaldin Alqalyoobi, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Rami H Hani Al-Rifai, Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah, Ala'a B Al-Tammemi, Haya Altawalah, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Firehiwot Amare, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Javad Javad Aminian Dehkordi, Mohammad Hosein Amirzade-Iranaq, Hubert Amu, Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa, Robert Ancuceanu, Jason A Anderson, Yaregal Animut Animut, Amir Anoushiravani, Ali Arash Anoushirvani, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Mustafa Geleto Ansha, Benny Antony, Maxwell Hubert Antwi, Sumadi Lukman Anwar, Razique Anwer, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal 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Melinda Gates Foundation, Kuwait University (Kuwait), Ministry of Higher Education (Malasia), Lega Italiana per la Lotta ai Tumori, Health Effects Institute (Estados Unidos), Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. European Research Council (ERC), Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. H2020, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal), African-German Network of Excellence in Science (AGNES), Federal Ministry of Education & Research (Alemania), Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, National Institute for Health Research (Reino Unido), National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia), Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Finnish Cancer Foundation, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (India), Xiamen University (Malasia), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (India), Panjab University (India), Sistema Nacional de Investigación (Panamá), Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Panamá), Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan), Lung Foundation Australia, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Wellcome Trust, UNSW Sydney (Australia), ICMR - National Institute of Epidemiology (India), University of Tasmania (Australia), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (Irán), Ain Shams University (Egipto), International Center of Medical Sciences Research (Islamabad), National Institutes of Health (Estados Unidos), University of Oxford (Reino Unido), National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (Irán), Marga und Walter Boll - Stiftung, Ministero della Salute (Italia), IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo (Italia), King College London, Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance (India), Public Health, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, and University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division
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Male ,DEATHS ,DALY, cancer, risk factors ,Medizin ,systematic analysis ,Global Health ,Risk Assessment ,Cancer prevention ,Global Burden of Disease ,RC0254 ,Risk-attributable cancer deaths ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,RA0421 ,Risk Factors ,RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine ,Quality-Adjusted Life Year ,Neoplasms ,cancer ,Humans ,Global Burden of Disease Study ,UK ,Medicine(all) ,MCC ,RC0254 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology (including Cancer) ,Risk Factor ,Smoking ,COVID-19 ,3rd-DAS ,General Medicine ,Disability-adjusted life-years ,SOCIAL DETERMINANTS ,Risk assessments ,risk factor ,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,OBESITY ,Cancer burden ,Neoplasm ,Female ,LIFE-STYLE ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,HEALTH ,RA ,Human ,RC - Abstract
Background: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01-4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3-48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1-45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60-3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8-54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36-1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5-41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6-28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8-25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9-42·8] and 33·3% [25·8-42·0]). Interpretation: The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. We are grateful to the surveillance systems, including cancer registries, that generated and shared observed cancer burden data. S M Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, Kuwait University for the approval and support to participate in this research project. H Ariffin acknowledges support from the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (grant FRGS/1/2021/SKK0/UM/01/1). F Barra acknowledges support from Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori - LILT - Bando 5 x 1000 anno 2019. L Belo and M Carvalho acknowledge the support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. A J Cohen was supported by the Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, USA. J Conde acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council - ERC Starting Grant 848325. V M Costa acknowledges her grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. T C Ekundayo was supported by the African-German Network of Excellence in Science (AGNES), the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (AvH). N Ghith acknowledges support from a grant from Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF16OC0021856). J C Glasbey is support by a Doctoral Research Fellowship from the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR300175). V K Gupta and V B Gupta acknowledge funding support from National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. C Herteliu, A Pana, and M Ausloos acknowledge partial support by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. C Herteliu is also partially supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, MCID, project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021. S Hussain was supported from Operational Programme Research, Development and Education–Project, Postdoc2MUNI (number CZ.02.2. 69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0016952). M Jakovljevic acknowledges partial support through the grant OI 175 014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. J H Kauppila acknowledges research grants from Sigrid Jusélius Foundation and the Finnish Cancer Foundation. M N Khatib acknowledges support from Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (deemed-to-be-university). Y J Kim was supported by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia [XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITCM/0004]. S L Koulmane Laxminarayana acknowledges institutional assistance by Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. K Krishan is supported by the UGC Centre of Advanced Study (Phase II), awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. I Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by Panama’s Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT). M-C Li was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 110-2314-B-003-001). G Liu acknowledges support from the CREATE Hope scientific fellowship from Lung Foundation Australia. J Liu acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation (72122001). J A Loureiro was supported by Scientific Employment Stimulus (FCT; CEECINST/00049/2018). E Mathews is supported by a Clinical and Public Health Early Career Fellowship (grant number IA/CPHE/17/1/503345) from the DBT India Alliance/Wellcome Trust Department of Biotechnology, India Alliance (2018–2023). T J Meretoja was supported by an unrestricted grant from Cancer Foundation Finland sr. S Mohammed acknowledges a fellowship grant from Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, outside the submitted work. M Molokhia is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Guy’s and St Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust and King’s College London. L Monasta received support from the Italian Ministry of Health at the Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste - Italy (RC 34/2017). U Mons is supported by the Marga and Walter Boll Foundation, Kerpen, Germany. M A Moosavi acknowledges the financial support of National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB). J Musa acknowledges support from the NIH/FICK43TW011416 for research-protected time for cervical cancer research and career development at University of Jos. V Nuñez-Samudio is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by Panama’s Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT). O O Odukoya acknowledges support by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health under the award number K43TW010704 for research-protected time. The content is solely the responsibility of all the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. A S Oguntade acknowledges funding by a doctoral scholarship from the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (Oxford Population Health). J R Padubidri acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal for their constant support in research collaborations. R G Pestell acknowledges support from NIH grant W81XWH1810605 Breast Cancer Research, Breakthrough Grant R21 CA235139-01. Z Z Piracha acknowledges the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad (44000), Pakistan. R A Radhakrishnan acknowledges support from Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance - IA/CPHI/18/1/503927. U Saeed acknowledges the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan. A M Samy acknowledges the support from Ain Shams University and the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. F Sha was supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (grant number KQTD20190929172835662). H R Shahsavari acknowledges the Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Research Council. A Shetty acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal for all the academic support. D A S Silva acknowledges financing in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001 and D A S Silva is supported in part by CNPq-Brazil (309589/2021-5). L M L R Silva was supported by project CENTRO-04-3559-FSE-000162, Fundo Social Europeu (FSE). Am Singh is supported by the International Graduate Research Scholarship, University of Tasmania. R Suliankatchi Abdulkader acknowledges support from ICMR—National Institute of Epidemiology. B Unnikrishnan acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. H Xiao acknowledges support from the Public Health Sciences Division of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. X Xu is supported by the University of New South Wales (Australia) Scientia Program. C Yu was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 82173626) and Wuhan Medical Research Program of Joint Fund of Hubei Health Committee (grant number WJ2019H304). Sí
- Published
- 2022
23. Characterizing the most demanding passages of kinematic and mechanical activity in elite football: a multifactorial approach.
- Author
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Yousefian F, Zafar A, Fransson D, Mohr M, Brito J, and Travassos B
- Abstract
This study investigated the 5-minute most demanding passages (MDP) of kinematic (distance covered) and mechanical (acceleration and deceleration) activities in elite male football according to multifactorial criterion performance variables. Global positioning systems data were collected from 39 players across 45 matches in the Swedish first division (n = 329 observations). The multifactorial kinematic variable (MDPk) was composed of the concurrent distances covered at moderate-speed running, high-speed running, and sprinting distances, and the multifactorial mechanical (MDPm) considered the concurrent occurrences of high-intensity acceleration and deceleration activities. A moving average method was used to identify the MDP across a 5-minute period. The frequency distribution of the multifactorial variables, and differences in the time of occurrence and magnitude between multifactorial performance variables and their univariate constituent variables were investigated. Frequency distribution analysis revealed MDPk and MDPm peaked in the first 5 min of the match (MDPk: χ
2 (15, N = 329) = 135.88, p ≤ 0.001, W : 0.64, 115.99 ± 32.7 s; MDPm: χ2 (15, N = 329) = 31.02, p ≤ 0.001, W : 0.31, 101.21 ± 25.1 s; p ≤ 0.0004). Within each half, differences in the MDP commencement time between the multifactorial variables and their respective discrete univariate constituent variables were trivial to small (MDPk effect size (ES): 0.04-0.21; MDPm ES: 0.02-0.11). Linear mixed model analysis demonstrated that the MDP magnitude of multifactorial variables were approximately 8-28% and 8-21% lower across the match and halves, respectively, compared to the MDP of their respective univariate constituent variables (p ≤ 0.001; r = 0.26-0.62). The greatest differences between the respective multifactorial and discrete constituent variables were observed for sprinting (-28%) and high-intensity acceleration (-22%). The results reveal that the MDP is distinguished based on peak kinematic and mechanical demands, which occur at discrete periods and exhibit distinct locomotor profiles across the match and within each half. Practitioners should consider the methods of identifying the MDP, as the selection of univariate and multifactorial kinematic and mechanical performance variables can impact MDP characterization, which can qualify the designing of bespoke training protocols., Competing Interests: The authors declared no conflict of interest., (Copyright © Institute of Sport – National Research Instutite.)- Published
- 2024
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24. 1064-nm Picosecond Laser Treatment for Hydroxychloroquine-Induced Hyperpigmentation of the Lower Extremities.
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Yousefian F, Burke EM, and Vazirnia A
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- 2024
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25. Two Decades of Air Pollution Health Risk Assessment: Insights From the Use of WHO's AirQ and AirQ+ Tools.
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Amini H, Yousefian F, Faridi S, Andersen ZJ, Calas E, Castro A, Cervantes-Martínez K, Cole-Hunter T, Corso M, Dragic N, Evangelopoulos D, Gapp C, Hassanvand MS, Kim I, Le Tertre A, Medina S, Miller B, Montero S, Requia WJ, Riojas-Rodriguez H, Rojas-Rueda D, Samoli E, Texcalac-Sangrador JL, Yitshak-Sade M, Schwartz J, Kuenzli N, Spadaro JV, Krzyzanowski M, and Mudu P
- Abstract
Objectives: We evaluated studies that used the World Health Organization's (WHO) AirQ and AirQ+ tools for air pollution (AP) health risk assessment (HRA) and provided best practice suggestions for future assessments., Methods: We performed a comprehensive review of studies using WHO's AirQ and AirQ+ tools, searching several databases for relevant articles, reports, and theses from inception to Dec 31, 2022., Results: We identified 286 studies that met our criteria. The studies were conducted in 69 countries, with most (57%) in Iran, followed by Italy and India (∼8% each). We found that many studies inadequately report air pollution exposure data, its quality, and validity. The decisions concerning the analysed population size, health outcomes of interest, baseline incidence, concentration-response functions, relative risk values, and counterfactual values are often not justified, sufficiently. Many studies lack an uncertainty assessment., Conclusion: Our review found a number of common shortcomings in the published assessments. We suggest better practices and urge future studies to focus on the quality of input data, its reporting, and associated uncertainties., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Amini, Yousefian, Faridi, Andersen, Calas, Castro, Cervantes-Martínez, Cole-Hunter, Corso, Dragic, Evangelopoulos, Gapp, Hassanvand, Kim, Le Tertre, Medina, Miller, Montero, Requia, Riojas-Rodriguez, Rojas-Rueda, Samoli, Texcalac-Sangrador, Yitshak-Sade, Schwartz, Kuenzli, Spadaro, Krzyzanowski and Mudu.)
- Published
- 2024
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26. Biomonitoring and health risk assessment of exposure to phthalate esters in waste management workers.
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Janjani H, Rastkari N, Yousefian F, Aghaei M, and Yunesian M
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- Humans, Environmental Exposure analysis, Biological Monitoring, Creatinine urine, Risk Assessment, Environmental Pollutants urine, Phthalic Acids urine
- Abstract
Humans are at risk of exposure to phthalates due to the widespread use of plasticized plastics, and one of the major concerns is occupational exposure. The present study investigated occupational exposure to phthalates at one of the greatest solid waste management sites in the second-largest country in the Middle East. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks were assessed by human biomonitoring (HBM). The concentration of phthalate esters was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the daily intake (DI) of phthalate was calculated based on the adjusted urinary creatinine concentrations. Moreover, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were assessed. Monte Carlo simulations were performed for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. The highest concentration recorded was 130.80 µg/g creatinine for mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) among the composting group, while the lowest concentration was 0.49 µg/g creatinine for Monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) among the office group. All estimates of daily intake were below the reference concentration, and differences between the DI at site sections were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The non-carcinogenic risk level was negligible. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) values corresponding to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure were 2.07E-04 among the composting group and 2.07E-04 among the processing group, posing a definite risk. The carcinogenic risk value among the office group was in a possible risk category with ELCR values of 9.75 E-05. The on-site workers of waste management sites can be highly exposed to phthalates, and their health risk is considerable. Appropriate measures and interventions should be considered to reduce occupational exposure to phthalates., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
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27. Multiple extraarticular giant cell tumors.
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Yousefian F, Cortes M, Kahn B, Goodman M, and Kounalakis N
- Abstract
Competing Interests: None disclosed.
- Published
- 2024
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28. Disparities in Financial Burden, Outcomes, and Comorbidities Among Pediatric Patients With Pyoderma Gangrenosum With and Without Mental Health Disorders in a Multivariate Analysis of the 2016 Kids' Inpatient Database.
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Desai AD, Lu A, Yousefian F, and Lipner SR
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- 2024
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29. A comprehensive review of the medical and cosmetic applications of exosomes in dermatology.
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Yousefian F, Espinoza L, Yadlapati S, Lorenc ZP, and Gold M
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- Humans, Cell Communication, Proteins, Exosomes metabolism, Dermatology, Skin Diseases diagnosis, Skin Diseases therapy
- Abstract
Background: Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles that are released by all cell types and are theorized to play a crucial role in intercellular communication. Ranging from 40 to 160 nm in diameter, exosomes contain a variety of genetic materials including DNA, RNA, mRNA, metabolites, proteins, and lipids depending on their cellular origin., Aim: Given that intercellular communication is abetted by the exchange of cellular components via exosomes, their applied use can have important implications for disease pathology and exosome-based therapeutics. We provide a comprehensive review of the current application of exosomes in medical (and skin) diseases and in cutaneous medical aesthetics., Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed reviewing exosomes and their application in medical and aesthetic fields., Results: While the therapeutic use of exosomes in the treatment of medical and cosmetic dermatological procedures is promising, it is also important to note that most studies implementing exosomes as therapeutic agents have been conducted in preclinical models, thus highlighting the need for additional studies and clinical trials. One more important note in the aesthetic world associated with exosomes is that in the United States, at the time of this writing, exosomes may only be topically applied and not injected into the skin, as is done in many countries worldwide., Conclusion: There is a need for additional studies and clinical trials to evaluate the safety and therapeutic effect and safety of exosomes in medical and aesthetic fields., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2024
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30. Tranexamic Acid (TXA) Infiltration: An Effective Option for Reducing Bleeding during Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) in Patients on Anticoagulant Therapy.
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Yadlapati S, Kaul S, Yousefian F, Gonzalez-Molina V, and Shama-Brown L
- Subjects
- Humans, Mohs Surgery adverse effects, Hemorrhage, Anticoagulants adverse effects, Tranexamic Acid therapeutic use, Skin Neoplasms surgery
- Published
- 2024
31. Treatment Options for Onychomycosis: Efficacy, Side Effects, Adherence, Financial Considerations, and Ethics.
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Yousefian F, Smythe C, Han H, Elewski BE, and Nestor M
- Abstract
Background: Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit that affects a large patient population globally. Onychomycosis, or tinea unguium, has a benign chronic clinical course; however, it can cause complications in certain patient populations suffering from diabetes and peripheral vascular disease. As nails grow slowly, onychomycosis requires a lengthy treatment plan, and choosing appropriate treatments can be challenging. There are a variety of treatment modalities available for patients including topical, oral, laser, light therapy, procedures such as avulsion and matrixectomy, supplements, over-the-counter medication, and plasma therapy that can be used as monotherapy or in combination for patient satisfaction., Objective: We sought to review treatment options for onychomycosis, taking into consideration the efficacy, side effect profiles, practicality of treatment (adherence), and costs to help healthcare providers offer ethically appropriate treatment regimens to their patients., Methods: A literature search was conducted using electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Medline, CINAHL, EBSCO) and textbooks, in addition to the clinical experiences of the authors and other practitioners in treating onychomycosis, and a summary of the findings are presented here., Results: Although topical (efinaconazole, tavaborole, ciclopirox), oral (terbinafine, itraconazole), and laser (1064nm Nd:YAG lasers, both short-pulsed and Q-switched lasers, carbon dioxide lasers, and the diode 870, 930nm) are the current Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments for onychomycosis, they are just a fraction of available treatment options. New and emerging therapies including new topical and oral medications, combination therapy, photodynamic light therapy, procedural, supplements, over-the-counter medication, and plasma therapy are discussed in our review., Discussion: Onychomycosis has high reinfection and recurrence rates, and the treatment remains challenging as treatment selection involves ethical, evidence-based decision-making and consideration of each individual patient's needs, adherence, budget, the extent of quality of life discomfort, and aesthetic goals, independent of potential financial benefits to the clinicians., Competing Interests: DISCLOSURES: The authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this article., (Copyright © 2024. Matrix Medical Communications. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
32. Dupilumab-induced pityriasis rosea in a 28-year-old male with atopic dermatitis.
- Author
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Yousefian F, Hurley M, Ali L, Goodman M, and Rupley K
- Abstract
Competing Interests: None disclosed.
- Published
- 2024
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33. Painful schwannoma of scalp: A case report.
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Yousefian F, Roberts M, Hammel J, and Buckley C
- Abstract
Schwannoma, also known as neurilemmoma, is a benign neoplasm of Schwann cells of the cranial or peripheral nerve sheath. Scalp involvement has been reported in 25% of patients with extracranial head and neck schwannomas, which can be misdiagnosed clinically as epidermal cyst or lipoma. In this article, we report a 32-year-old male presenting with a slow-growing painful subcutaneous mass on the left occipital scalps without any neurological symptoms. Pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of schwannoma, and surgical removal resulted in the resolution of pain and lack of recurrence., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2023.)
- Published
- 2023
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34. BTEX in indoor air of barbershops and beauty salons: Characterization, source apportionment and health risk assessment.
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Janjani H, Yunesian M, Yaghmaeian K, Aghaei M, Yousefian F, Alizadeh B, and Fazlzadeh M
- Subjects
- Male, Female, Humans, Benzene analysis, Xylenes analysis, Environmental Monitoring methods, Benzene Derivatives analysis, Toluene analysis, Risk Assessment, Air Pollutants analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor analysis
- Abstract
Background: Volatile organic compounds, mainly BTEX, are among the pollutants of concern in beauty salons and barbershops that threaten both staff personnel and clients' health. This study aimed to determine the concentration of BTEX in barbershops and beauty salons and assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks based on the actual risk coefficients. Also, possible sources of BTEX were determined., Method: Samples were collected by passive sampling. Quantitative and qualitative measurements of BTEX compounds were performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MASS). Subsequently, the health risks were assessed according to the US Environmental Protection Agency. SPSS24 software and positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis were used for statistical analysis and source apportionment respectively., Results: Toluene is the most abundant compound in beauty salons, with a maximum concentration of 219.4 (μg/m
3 ) in beauty salons. Results indicated that the mean ELCR value estimated for benzene regarding female staff exposure (1.04 × 10-5 ) was higher than that for men (4.05 × 10-6 ). Also, ELCR values of ethylbenzene for staff exposure were 2.08 × 10-6 and 3.8 × 10-6 for men and women, respectively, and possess possible carcinogenesis risks., Conclusion: Use of solvents and cosmetic products, improper heating systems, and type of service are the sources that probably contribute to BTEX emissions in beauty salons. It is necessary to follow health guidelines and conduct continuous monitoring for their implementation, in addition to setting a mandated occupational regulation framework or air quality requirements, to improve the health conditions in beauty salons., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
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35. Literature review of adverse events associated with cryolipolysis.
- Author
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Deligonul FZ, Yousefian F, and Gold MH
- Subjects
- Humans, Treatment Outcome, Subcutaneous Fat surgery, Prospective Studies, Obesity etiology, Hyperplasia etiology, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Cryotherapy adverse effects, Cryotherapy methods, Lipectomy methods
- Abstract
Background: Cryolipolysis is a noninvasive procedure for localized fat reduction and body contouring. This technique utilizes controlled cooling to induce adipocyte apoptosis without damage to overlying skin and other tissue. Although the procedure was once thought to be relatively harmless, recent studies have shed light on the risks of adverse effects (AEs)., Aims: The aim of this article was to review AEs in cryolipolysis as published in clinical data., Methods: A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, using relevant keywords such as "cryolipolysis," "CoolSculpting," "adverse effects," "complications," and "side effects" with no set data range. The search was limited to studies published in English. The selected studies encompassed a variety of study designs, including randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, case series, case reports, and reviews., Conclusions: Since its FDA approval in 2010, our understanding of the potential risks and complications associated with cryolipolysis has grown significantly, and shown that the procedure may not be as harmless as once thought. Continued post-market surveillance of cryolipolysis devices combined with documenting of AE cases help providers better understand the true risks associated with this procedure. As "cryolipolysis" and "CoolSculpting" are often used interchangeably, further research is needed to understand if AEs such as paradoxical adipose hyperplasia (PAH) that occur both inside and outside the United States are CoolSculpting cases or linked to other devices. Additionally, further studies are needed to understand the pathophysiology of such sequelae as PAH, and to better recognize the risks and potential complications associated with cryolipolysis so that we can more accurately inform patients., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2023
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36. The Effects of Players' Rotations on High-Intensity Activities in Professional Futsal Players.
- Author
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Ribeiro JN, Yousefian F, Illa J, Couceiro M, Sampaio J, and Travassos B
- Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the effects of interchange rotations on players` physical performance during competition, with special reference to high-intensity activity (HIA) according to the playing position. Physical performance data, collected from 19 professional players during seven official matches from the Spanish futsal league using a portable local positioning system, included the number of high-speed running activities (>18 km·h
-1 ), high-intensity accelerations (>3 m·s-2 ), and high-intensity decelerations (>3 m·s-2 ). Statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences were observed in the number of HIA efforts across rotations and between positions. Players performed more HIA efforts in the first rotation (n = 17.6), suggesting that their first rotation was more demanding than all subsequent rotations. Wingers demonstrated a higher HIA effort and frequency of HIA efforts when compared to defenders (p ≤ 0.05) and pivots (p ≤ 0.001). For all positions, the first rotation was more physically demanding as the number of HIA efforts per rotation decreased with an increased number of rotations throughout the match. Furthermore, higher HIA profile positions, such as wingers and defenders, were less likely to maintain consistent HIA properties (repetition number, time-frequency, and the work-rate) across subsequent rotations during the match. The findings of the study can inform coaching decisions regarding players' rotations to maintain consistent HIA performance throughout the match., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © Academy of Physical Education in Katowice.)- Published
- 2023
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37. The Reply.
- Author
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Yousefian F and Yadlapati S
- Published
- 2023
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38. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on portable air cleaners and blood pressure: Recommendations for users and manufacturers.
- Author
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Faridi S, Allen RW, Brook RD, Yousefian F, Hassanvand MS, and Carlsten C
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Blood Pressure, Particulate Matter analysis, Filtration, China, Environmental Exposure analysis, Air Pollution analysis, Air Pollutants analysis
- Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM
2.5 ) air pollution is a leading contributor to the global burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD). One important underlying mechanism is an increase in blood pressure (BP). A growing number of studies have reported a beneficial effect of portable air cleaners (PACs) on systolic and diastolic BP; SBP and DBP. We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using true versus sham mode filtration reporting the effects on BP. Of 214 articles identified up to February 5, 2023, seventeen (from China, USA, Canada, South Korea and Denmark) enrolling approximately 880 participants (484 female) met the inclusion criteria for meta-analyses. Aside from studies conducted in China, research on PACs and BP has been conducted in relatively low pollution settings. Mean indoor PM2.5 concentrations during the active and sham mode purification were 15.9 and 41.2 µg/m3 , respectively. The mean efficiency of PACs against indoor PM2.5 was 59.8 % (ranging from 23 % to 82 %). True mode filtration was associated with a pooled mean difference of - 2.35 mmHg (95 % confidence interval [CI]: - 4.5, - 0.2) and - 0.81 mmHg (95 % CI: - 1.86, 0.24) in SBP and DBP, respectively. After removing the studies with high risk of bias, the magnitude of the pooled benefits on SBP and DBP increased to - 3.62 mmHg (95 % CI: - 6.69, - 0.56) and - 1.35 mmHg (95 % CI: - 2.29, - 0.41), respectively. However, there are several barriers to the use of PACs, specifically in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), such as the initial purchase cost and filter replacements. There may be several avenues to help overcome these economic burdens and improve cost effectiveness, such as implementing government or other subsidized programs to distribute PACs targeting vulnerable and higher-risk individuals. We propose that environmental health researchers and healthcare providers should be better trained to educate the public regarding the use of PACs to reduce the impacts of PM2.5 on cardiometabolic diseases globally., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. It should be noted that Ryan W. Allen has conducted studies using PACs purchased at a discounted rate from Woongjin-Coway., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
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39. Antimicrobial Wound Dressings: A Concise Review for Clinicians.
- Author
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Yousefian F, Hesari R, Jensen T, Obagi S, Rgeai A, Damiani G, Bunick CG, and Grada A
- Abstract
Wound management represents a substantial clinical challenge due to the growing incidence of chronic skin wounds resulting from venous insufficiency, diabetes, and obesity, along with acute injuries and surgical wounds. The risk of infection, a key impediment to healing and a driver of increased morbidity and mortality, is a primary concern in wound care. Recently, antimicrobial dressings have emerged as a promising approach for bioburden control and wound healing. The selection of a suitable antimicrobial dressing depends on various parameters, including cost, wound type, local microbial burden and the location and condition of the wound. This review covers the different types of antimicrobial dressings, their modes of action, advantages, and drawbacks, thereby providing clinicians with the knowledge to optimize wound management.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Treatment of chronic bullous disease of childhood with dupilumab after dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia in a 2-year-old female patient.
- Author
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Yousefian F, Deligonul FZ, and Swanson L
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Author Swanson is speaker for Abbvie, Almirall, Amgen, Incyte, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Ortho Dermatologics, Pfizer, and Sanofi-Regeneron and consultant for Janssen, Lilly, Ortho Dermatologics, Pfizer, Sanofi-Regeneron, Leo, Novan, Arcutis, and Dermavant. Authors Yousefian and Deligonul have no conflicts of interest to declare.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Inhalational exposure to formaldehyde, carcinogenic, and non-carcinogenic risk assessment: A systematic review.
- Author
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Khoshakhlagh AH, Mohammadzadeh M, Manafi SS, Yousefian F, and Gruszecka-Kosowska A
- Subjects
- Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Formaldehyde toxicity, Industry, Risk Assessment, Carcinogens toxicity, Occupational Exposure adverse effects
- Abstract
Formaldehyde is one of the most widely used substances in a variety of industries, although it was classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The present systematic review was conducted to retrieve studies related to occupational exposure to formaldehyde until November 2, 2022. Aims of the study were to identify workplaces exposed to formaldehyde, to investigate the formaldehyde concentrations in various occupations and to evaluate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks caused by respiratory exposure to this chemical among workers. A systematic search was done in Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases to find the studies done in this field. In this review, studies that did not meet the criteria specified by Population, Exposure, Comparator, and Outcomes (PECO) approach were excluded. In addition, the inclusion of studies dealing with the biological monitoring of FA in the body and review studies, conference articles, books, and letters to the editors were avoided. The quality of the selected studies was also evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist for analytic-cross-sectional studies. Finally, 828 studies were found, and after the investigations, 35 articles were included in this study. The results revealed that the highest formaldehyde concentrations were observed in waterpipe cafes (1,620,000 μg/m
3 ) and anatomy and pathology laboratories (4237.5 μg/m3 ). Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk indicated the potential health effects for employees due to respiratory exposure as acceptable levels of CR = 1.00 × 10-4 and HQ = 1, respectively were reported to be exceeded in more than 71% and 28.57% of the investigated studies. Therefore, according to the confirmation of formaldehyde's adverse health effects, it is necessary to adopt targeted strategies to reduce or eliminate exposure to this compound from the occupational usage., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
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42. Assessing capabilities of conducted ambient air pollution health effects studies in 22 Eastern Mediterranean countries to adopt air quality standards: a review.
- Author
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Mokammel A, Malkawi M, Momeniha F, Safi HAM, Niazi S, Yousefian F, Azimi F, Naddafi K, Shamsipour M, Roostaei V, Faridi S, and Hassanvand MS
- Abstract
Purpose: The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries suffer from exposure to high levels of ambient air pollutants due to dust storms and have unique climatic as well as topographic and socio-economic conditions which lead to adverse health effects on humans. The purpose of the review was to evaluate the quantity and quality of published articles on air pollution and health-based studies in 22 EMR countries to determine if they can be applied to adopting air quality standards., Methods: We designed a review based on a broad search of the literature in the Scopus, PubMed, and web of science (WOS) databases published from January 1, 2000, to January 2, 2022, using combinations of the following relevant terms: air pollution, health, and EMR countries. The generic eligibility criteria for this review were based on the population, exposure, comparator, outcome, and study design (PECOS) statement., Results: The search results showed that following the PRISMA approach, of 2947 identified articles, 353 studies were included in this review. The analysis of the types of studies showed that about 70% of the studies conducted in EMR countries were Health Burden Estimation studies (31%), Ecological and time trend ecological studies (23%), and cross-sectional studies (16%). Also, researchers from Iran participated in the most published relevant studies in the region 255 (~ 63%) and just 10 published documents met all the PECOS criteria., Conclusion: The lack of sufficient studies which can meet the PECOS appraising criteria and the lack of professionals in this field are some of the issues that make it impossible to use as potential documents in the WHO future studies and adopt air quality standards., Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-023-00862-1., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)
- Published
- 2023
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43. Erythema gyratum repens-like presentation of urticaria multiforme.
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Yadlapati S, Kaul S, Gonzalez-Molina V, Shama-Brown L, and Yousefian F
- Subjects
- Humans, Erythema Multiforme diagnosis, Urticaria diagnosis, Urticaria drug therapy, Urticaria etiology, Exanthema
- Published
- 2023
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44. Billing and coding education in residency training programs: Preparing residents for the "real world".
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Yadlapati S, Yousefian F, and Browning JC
- Subjects
- Humans, United States, Education, Medical, Graduate, Educational Status, Surveys and Questionnaires, Internship and Residency
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None.
- Published
- 2023
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45. White Spots on the Extremities.
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Yousefian F and Sharma A
- Subjects
- Humans, Extremities
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- 2023
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46. Multiple Flesh-Colored Nodules: A Patient with Multiple BAP 1- Inactivated Melanocytic Tumors.
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Yadlapati S, Kaul S, Shama-Brown L, Yousefian F, and Davis T
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Young Adult, Melanocytes pathology, Nevus pathology, Nevus, Epithelioid and Spindle Cell pathology, Nevus, Pigmented diagnosis, Nevus, Pigmented pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
A 22-year-old man without previously known skin disease presented with multiple asymptomatic, skin-brown to red-brown papules on the head and neck for 1 year (Figure 1). The diagnoses considered included benign intradermal or compound nevi, atypical nevi, and neurofibromas. Shave biopsies of three lesions revealed intradermal melanocytic lesions comprising large epithelioid melanocytes flanked by small banal melanocytes (Figure 2). All nevi had a low proliferation index, absent junctional component as demonstrated by a dual Ki-67/Mart-1 immunostain, and no dermal mitotic figures. Immunostaining demonstrated lesional melanocytes positive for p16, but the larger epithelioid melanocytes in these lesions lacked nuclear expression of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase protein ( BAP-1 ; Figure 3). The diagnosis of a BAP-1 -inactivated nevus was made, and the patient was referred for genetic counseling and screening for associated malignancies. Given that the lesions involved deep margins, the same were completely excised.
- Published
- 2023
47. How spatial constraints afford successful and unsuccessful penetrative passes in elite association football.
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Travassos B, Monteiro R, Coutinho D, Yousefian F, and Gonçalves B
- Subjects
- Football, Athletic Performance, Soccer
- Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to examine the spatial relations between teams (macro-level) and groups of players (meso-level) that afford successful penetrative passes (off-ball advantage) in elite football., Methods: Three balanced home matches from a Premier League team with 91 ball possessions in which a pass was performed into the opposition defensive area and overpassed the first defensive line, promoting a perturbation of the defensive team equilibrium, were selected for analysis. The spatial relations between teams were measured through spatial variables that captured the areas occupied by the teams, while the spatial relations between players were measured through variables that captured the distances and angles between attacking and defending players near the ball., Results: Results revealed, at the macro-level, higher values of width ratio between teams and the width of the attacking team for unsuccessful penetrative passes (UPP), when compared to successful penetrative passes (SPP). At the meso-level, a general decrease in distances and an increase in angles between attacking and defending players were observed between successful to unsuccessful penetrative passes., Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of using positional data analysis to identify teams' tactical profiles and to potentiate coaches' interventions.
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- 2023
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48. Painful Nodules With a Crawling Sensation.
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Yousefian F, Foss MG, Ambur A, Dunn C, and Nathoo R
- Subjects
- Humans, Pain diagnosis, Pain etiology, Paresthesia
- Published
- 2023
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49. The use of Janus kinase inhibitors and narrowband ultraviolet B combination therapy in non-segmental vitiligo.
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Yousefian F, Yadlapati S, and Browning JC
- Subjects
- Humans, Phototherapy, Steroids, Treatment Outcome, Combined Modality Therapy, Janus Kinase Inhibitors, Vitiligo therapy, Ultraviolet Therapy
- Abstract
Vitiligo is a depigmentation disorder of the skin that occurs secondary to the destruction of melanocytes by an immune-mediated process. Vitiligo clinically presents with depigmented macules and patches, most commonly on the face, acral sites, and genitalia. It can be characterized as generalized or localized based on distribution. The localized form can be further divided into segmental (linear, band-like, or Blaschkoid) and non-segmental vitiligo. The classical treatment of vitiligo includes topical steroids, pulsed oral steroids in unstable vitiligo, phototherapy, a combination of steroid therapy and phototherapy, surgical grafting, as well as intentional depigmentation therapy in severe cases. However, recent advances in understanding the immune mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of vitiligo have led to the use of an FDA-approved topical Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors for vitiligo. Despite this novel therapy advancement, we recommend the addition of narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) to JAK inhibitors in patients with extensive and progressive lesions, or those not fully responsive to JAK inhibitor monotherapy., (© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2023
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50. Ambient Air Quality Standards and Policies in Eastern Mediterranean Countries: A Review.
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Faridi S, Krzyzanowski M, Cohen AJ, Malkawi M, Moh'd Safi HA, Yousefian F, Azimi F, Naddafi K, Momeniha F, Niazi S, Amini H, Künzli N, Shamsipour M, Mokammel A, Roostaei V, and Hassanvand MS
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Public Health, Climate Change, Particulate Matter adverse effects, Particulate Matter analysis, Air Pollution adverse effects, Air Pollution prevention & control, Air Pollution analysis, Air Pollutants analysis
- Abstract
Objectives: National ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) are critical tools for controlling air pollution and protecting public health. We designed this study to 1) gather the NAAQS for six classical air pollutants: PM
2.5 , PM10 , O3 , NO2 , SO2 , and CO in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries, 2) compare those with the updated World Health Organizations Air Quality Guidelines (WHO AQGs 2021), 3) estimate the potential health benefits of achieving annual PM2.5 NAAQS and WHO AQGs per country, and 4) gather the information on air quality policies and action plans in the EMR countries. Methods: To gather information on the NAAQS, we searched several bibliographic databases, hand-searched the relevant papers and reports, and analysed unpublished data on NAAQS in the EMR countries reported from these countries to the WHO/Regional office of the Eastern Mediterranean/Climate Change, Health and Environment Unit (WHO/EMR/CHE). To estimate the potential health benefits of reaching the NAAQS and AQG levels for PM2.5 , we used the average of ambient PM2.5 exposures in the 22 EMR countries in 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) dataset and AirQ+ software. Results: Almost all of the EMR countries have national ambient air quality standards for the critical air pollutants except Djibouti, Somalia, and Yemen. However, the current standards for PM2.5 are up to 10 times higher than the current health-based WHO AQGs. The standards for other considered pollutants exceed AQGs as well. We estimated that the reduction of annual mean PM2.5 exposure level to the AQG level (5 μg m-3 ) would be associated with a decrease of all natural-cause mortality in adults (age 30+) by 16.9%-42.1% in various EMR countries. All countries would even benefit from the achievement of the Interim Target-2 (25 μg m-3 ) for annual mean PM2.5 : it would reduce all-cause mortality by 3%-37.5%. Less than half of the countries in the Region reported having policies relevant to air quality management, in particular addressing pollution related to sand and desert storms (SDS) such as enhancing the implementation of sustainable land management practices, taking measures to prevent and control the main factors of SDS, and developing early warning systems as tools to combat SDS. Few countries conduct studies on the health effects of air pollution or on a contribution of SDS to pollution levels. Information from air quality monitoring is available for 13 out of the 22 EMR countries. Conclusion: Improvement of air quality management, including international collaboration and prioritization of SDS, supported by an update (or establishment) of NAAQSs and enhanced air quality monitoring are essential elements for reduction of air pollution and its health effects in the EMR., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Faridi, Krzyzanowski, Cohen, Malkawi, Moh’d Safi, Yousefian, Azimi, Naddafi, Momeniha, Niazi, Amini, Künzli, Shamsipour, Mokammel, Roostaei and Hassanvand.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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