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1. A Smartphone-Delivered Ecological Momentary Intervention for Problem Gambling (GamblingLess: Curb Your Urge): Single-Arm Acceptability and Feasibility Trial

Author

Hawker, Chloe O, Merkouris, Stephanie S, Youssef, George J, and Dowling, Nicki A

Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundLow uptake rates of traditional gambling treatments highlight the need for innovative treatment modalities. Smartphone apps can provide unprecedented access to real-time ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) delivered in people’s everyday lives. ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness of GamblingLess: Curb Your Urge, the first smartphone app–delivered EMI that aims to prevent gambling episodes by reducing craving intensity in people seeking help for gambling problems. MethodsThis study was a single-arm, 5-week acceptability and feasibility trial (1-week baseline and 4-week intervention periods) involving ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) delivered 3 times daily. The EMAs measured gambling episodes, cravings, and self-efficacy. Web-based evaluations at baseline, postintervention, and 1-month follow-up measured gambling outcomes (severity, cravings, frequency, expenditure, and self-efficacy) and the intervention’s perceived helpfulness, relevance, burden, satisfaction, and impact in relation to gambling cravings. ResultsA total of 36 participants, of whom 22/36 (61%) were male and 34/36 (94%) were problem gamblers, completed the baseline measures, with 61% (22/36) completing the postintervention evaluation and 58% (21/36) completing the follow-up evaluation. The intervention was considered acceptable, as participants perceived all intervention content to be above average in helpfulness and the EMA to be highly relevant but somewhat burdensome. Participants reported that they were satisfied with the intervention and that the intervention improved their knowledge, attitudes, awareness, behavior change, intention to change, and help-seeking behavior for gambling cravings. Regarding the intervention’s feasibility, compliance rates for the EMA (51%) and EMI (15%) were low; however, the intervention was used 166 times, including 59 uses within 60 minutes of EMA completion and 107 on-demand uses. Regarding the intervention’s preliminary effectiveness, descriptive EMA data showed that, compared with the baseline period, 71% and 72% reductions in the average number of gambling episodes and craving occurrences were reported in the intervention period, respectively. In addition, clustered paired-sample two-tailed t tests revealed a significant 5.4% reduction in real-time craving intensity (P=.01) immediately after intervention use, which increased to 10.5% (P=.01), where use was recommended based on craving occurrence. At the group level, significant medium-to-large reductions were observed in mean gambling symptom severity (P=.01 and .003), cravings (P=.03 and .02), frequency (P=.01 and .004), and expenditure (P=.04 and .003) at postintervention and follow-up; moreover, increased mean gambling self-efficacy and craving self-efficacy (P=.01 and .01) were observed at postintervention and increased gambling self-efficacy (P=.04) was observed at follow-up. At the individual level, over a quarter of participants (6/22, 27% to 10/21, 48%) could be categorized as recovered or improved regarding their gambling symptom severity and cravings. ConclusionsThe results support the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness of this app-delivered EMI for preventing gambling episodes through craving management in people with gambling problems, which has implications for extending the reach of evidence-based treatment to moments of vulnerability in people’s everyday lives.

Published
2021
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8. Effect of PCI on Health Status in Ischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Insights From REVIVED-BCIS2

Author

Perera, Divaka, Chiribiri, Amedeo, Carr-White, Gerry, Pavlidis, Antonis, Redwood, Simon, Clapp, Brian, Rinaldi, Aldo, Rahman, Haseeb, Briceno, Natalia, Arnold, Sophie, Raynsford, Amy, Wilson, Karen, Clack, Lucy, Petrie, Mark, McEntegart, Margaret, Watkins, Stuart, Shaukat, Aadil, Rocchiccioli, Paul, McAdam, Marion, McPherson, Elizabeth, Cowan, Louise, Wood, Marie, Weerackody, Roshan, Davies, Ceri, Smith, Elliot, Modi, Bhavik, Mathew, Bindu, Mitchelmore, Oliver, Adrego, Rita, Andiapen, Mervyn, O’Kane, Peter, Din, Jehangir, Kennard, Sarah, Orr, Sarah, Purnell, Cathie, Greenwood, John, Blaxill, Jonathan, Mozid, Abdul, Anderson, Michelle, Somers, Kathryn, Dixon, Lana, Walsh, Simon, Spence, Mark, Glover, Patricia, Brown, Caroline, Edwards, Richard, McDiarmid, Adam, Egred, Mohaned, Narytnyk, Alla, Wealleans, Vera, Amin-Youssef, George, Shah, Ajay, McDonagh, Theresa, Byrne, Jonathan, Pareek, Nilesh, Breeze, Jonathan, Antao, Catherine, De Silva, Kalpa, Strange, Julian, Johnson, Tom, Nightingale, Angus, Gallego, Laura, Medina, Cristina, Gershlick, Anthony, McCann, Gerald, Ladwiniec, Andrew, Squire, Iain, Davison, Joanna, Kenmuir-Hogg, Kris, Spratt, James, Cosgrove, Claudia, Williams, Rupert, Firoozi, Sam, Lim, Pitt, Bonato, Giovanna, Sookhoo, Vennessa, Conway, Dwayne, Brooksby, Paul, Wright, Judith, Exley, Donna, Cotton, James, Horton, Richard, Metherell, Stella, Smallwood, Andrew, Hogrefe, Kai, Cheng, Adrian, Beirnes, Charmaine, Sidgwick, Sian, Lockie, Tim, Patel, Niket, Rakhit, Roby, Davies, Nina, Smit, Angelique, Ahmed, Fozia, Hendry, Cara, Fath-Odoubadi, Farzin, Fraser, Douglas, Mamas, Mamas, Oommen, Anu, Charles, Thabitha, Behan, Miles, Japp, Alan, Rif, Belinda, Jenkins, Nicholas, McClure, Sam, Oates, Pauline, Martin, Karen, Abdelaal, Eltigani, Sarma, Jaydeep, Shastri, Sanjay, Riley, Jo, Giannopoulou, Sarra, Quinn, Sophie, Magapu, Pradeep, Stables, Rod, Wright, David, Barton, Janet, Clarkson, Nichola, Mahmoudi, Michael, Flett, Andrew, Curzen, Nick, Radmore, Judith, Gough, Sam, Ludman, Andrew, Kurdi, Hibba, Keenan, Samantha, Banerjee, Prithwish, Tapp, Luke, Edwards, Nigel, Gibson, Catherine, Kukreja, Neville, Lynch, Mary, Barratt, Claire, de Belder, Mark, Thambyrajah, Jeet, Swanson, Neil, Richardson, Cath, Atkinson, Bev, Viswanathan, Girish, Waugh, Darren, Routledge, Helen, Trevelyan, Jasper, Doughty, Angela, Pegge, Nick, Dhamrait, Sukhbir, Moore, Sally, Galasko, Gavin, Cassidy, Christopher, Waddington, Natalia, Edwards, Tim, Iqbal, Javed, Witherow, Fraser, Birch, Jenny, Munro, Melanie, Wells, Tim, Sinha, Manas, Frost, Linda, Lee, Kaeng, Beattie, James, Pitt, Mike, Chung, Alan, Ramcharitar, Steve, McCafferty, Laura, Martin, Thomas, Irving, John, Iskandar, Zaid, Hutcheon, Anita, Gunn, Julian, Al-Mohammad, Abdallah, Agyemang, Michael, Griffiths, Huw, Kalra, Paul, Howe, Serena, Gray, Tim, Sobolewska, Jolanta, Morby, Louise, Glover, Jason, Beynon, James, Knight, Janet, Das, Paul, Bellamy, Chris, Harman, Emily, Pye, Maurice, Megarry, Simon, McGill, Yvonne, Redfearn, Heidi, Ryan, Matthew, Taylor, Dylan, Dodd, Matthew, Spertus, John A., Kosiborod, Mikhail N., Docherty, Kieran F., Clayton, Tim, and Petrie, Mark C.

Published
2024
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9. Impact of Anatomical and Viability-Guided Completeness of Revascularization on Clinical Outcomes in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Author

Perera, Divaka, Chiribiri, Amedeo, Carr-White, Gerry, Pavlidis, Antonis, Redwood, Simon, Clapp, Brian, Rinaldi, Aldo, Rahman, Haseeb, Briceno, Natalia, Arnold, Sophie, Raynsford, Amy, Petrie, Mark, McEntegart, Margaret, Watkins, Stuart, Shaukat, Aadil, Rocchiccioli, Paul, Cowan, Louise, Weerackody, Roshan, Davies, Ceri, Smith, Elliot, Modi, Bhavik, O’Kane, Peter, Din, Jehangir, Hinton, Jonathon, Greenwood, John, Blaxill, Jonathan, Mozid, Abdul, Anderson, Michelle, Dixon, Lana, Walsh, Simon, Spence, Mark, Glover, Patricia, Edwards, Richard, McDiarmid, Adam, Egred, Mohaned, Stevenson, Hannah, Amin-Youssef, George, Shah, Ajay, McDonagh, Theresa, Byrne, Jonathan, Pareek, Nilesh, Breeze, Jonathan, Gershlick, Anthony, McCann, Gerald, Ladwiniec, Andrew, Squire, Iain, Alexander, Donna, De Silva, Kalpa, Strange, Julian, Johnson, Tom, Nightingale, Angus, Gallego, Laura, Spratt, James, Cosgrove, Claudia, Willia, Rupert, Firoozi, Sam, Lim, Pitt, Conway, Dwayne, Swoboda, Peter, Brooksby, Paul, Cotton, James, Horton, Richard, Metherell, Stella, Hogrefe, Kai, Cheng, Adrian, Sidgwick, Sian, Lockie, Tim, Patel, Niket, Rakhit, Roby, Ahmed, Fozia, Hendry, Cara, Fath-Odoubadi, Farzin, Fraser, Douglas, Mamas, Mamas, Behan, Miles, Japp, Alan, Jenkins, Nicholas, McClure, Sam, Martin, Karen, Abdelaal, Eltigani, Sarma, Jaydeep, Sastry, Sanjay, Riley, Jo, Magapu, Pradeep, Stables, Rod, Wright, David, Mahmoudi, Michael, Flett, Andrew, Curzen, Nick, Gough, Sam, Nicholas, Zoe, Ludman, Andrew, Kurdi, Hibba, Keenan, Sam, Thorpe, Kevin, Banerjee, Prithwish, Tapp, Luke, Panicker, Abeesh, de Belder, Mark, Thambyrajah, Jeet, Swanson, Neil, Kukreja, Neville, Lynch, Mary, Viswanathan, Girish, Jones, Elaine, Norman, Sarah, Routledge, Helen, Trevelyan, Jasper, Pegge, Nick, Dhamrait, Sukhbir, Wells, Tim, Sinha, Manas, Galasko, Gavin, Cassidy, Christopher, Edwards, Tim, Iqbal, Javed, Witherow, Fraser, Lee, Kaeng, Beattie, James, Pitt, Mike, Gunn, Julian, Al-Mohammad, Abdallah, Denney, Helen, Griffiths, Huw, Kalra, Paul, Gray, Tim, Sobolewska, Jolanta, Ramcharitar, Steve, McCafferty, Laura, Martin, Thomas, Irving, John, Iskandar, Zaid, Glover, Jason, Beynon, James, Pye, Maurice, Megarry, Simon, Das, Paul, Bellamy, Chris, Ezad, Saad M., Dodd, Matthew, Didagelos, Matthaios, Sidik, Novalia, Li Kam Wa, Matthew, Morgan, Holly P., Walsh, Simon J., Spratt, James C., Ludman, Peter, Clayton, Tim, and Petrie, Mark C.

Published
2024
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15. Constitutive Modeling of the Magneto-electromechanical Response of Composite Multiferroics Cylinders

Author

Nacy, Somer and Youssef, George

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Strain-mediated multiferroic composite structures are gaining scientific and technological attractions because of the promise of low power consumption and greater flexibility in material and geometry choices. In here, the direct magnetoelectric coupling coefficient (DME) of composite multiferroic cylinders, consisted of two mechanically bonded concentric cylinders, was analytically modeled under the influence of a radially emanating magnetic field. The analysis framework emphasized the effects of shear lag and demagnetization on the overall performance. The shear lag effect was analytically proven to have no bearing on the DME since it has no effect on the induced radial displacement due to the conditions imposed on the composite cylinder. The demagnetization effect was also thoroughly considered as a function of the imposed mechanical boundary conditions, geometrical dimensions of the composite cylinder, and the introduction of a thin elastic layer at the interface between the inner piezomagnetic and outer piezoelectric cylinders. The results indicate that the demagnetization effect adversely impacted the DME coefficient between 70% and 86%. In a trial to compensate for the reduction in peak DME coefficient due to the presence of demagnetization, non-dimensional geometrical analysis was carried out to identify the geometrical attributes corresponding to the maximum DME. It was observed that the peak DME coefficient is nearly unaffected by varying the inner radius of the composite cylinder, while it approaches its maximum value when the thickness of the piezoelectric cylinder is almost 60% of the total thickness of the composite cylinder. The latter conclusion was true for all of the considered boundary conditions.

Published
2021
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25. Arrhythmia and Death Following Percutaneous Revascularization in Ischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Prespecified Analyses From the REVIVED-BCIS2 Trial

Author

Perera, Divaka, Morgan, Holly P., Ryan, Matthew, Dodd, Matthew, Clayton, Tim, O’Kane, Peter D., Greenwood, John P., Walsh, Simon J., Weerackody, Roshan, McDiarmid, Adam, Amin-Youssef, George, Strange, Julian, Modi, Bhavik, Lockie, Timothy, Hogrefe, Kai, Ahmed, Fozia Z., Behan, Miles, Jenkins, Nicholas, Abdelaal, Eltigani, Anderson, Michelle, Watkins, Stuart, Evans, Richard, Rinaldi, Christopher A., Petrie, Mark C., Perera, Divaka, Chiribiri, Amedeo, Carr-White, Gerry, Pavlidis, Antonis, Redwood, Simon, Clapp, Brian, Rinaldi, Aldo, Rahman, Haseeb, Briceno, Natalia, Arnold, Sophie, Raynsford, Amy, Wilson, Karen, Clack, Lucy, Petrie, Mark, McEntegart, Margaret, Watkins, Stuart, Shaukat, Aadil, Rocchiccioli, Paul, McAdam, Marion, McPherson, Elizabeth, Cowan, Louise, Wood, Marie, Weerackody, Roshan, Davies, Ceri, Smith, Elliot, Modi, Bhavik, Mathew, Bindu, Mitchelmore, Oliver, Adrego, Rita, Andiapen, Mervyn, O’Kane, Peter, Din, Jehangir, Kennard, Sarah, Orr, Sarah, Purnell, Cathie, Greenwood, John, Blaxill, Jonathan, Mozid, Abdul, Anderson, Michelle, Somers, Kathryn, Dixon, Lana, Walsh, Simon, Spence, Mark, Glover, Patricia, Brown, Caroline, Edwards, Richard, McDiarmid, Adam, Egred, Mohaned, Narytnyk, Alla, Wealleans, Vera, Amin-Youssef, George, Shah, Ajay, McDonagh, Theresa, Byrne, Jonathan, Pareek, Nilesh, Breeze, Jonathan, Antao, Catherine, De Silva, Kalpa, Strange, Julian, Johnson, Tom, Nightingale, Angus, Gallego, Laura, Medina, Cristina, Gershlick, Anthony, McCann, Gerald, Ladwiniec, Andrew, Squire, Iain, Davison, Joanna, Kenmuir-Hogg, Kris, Spratt, James, Cosgrove, Claudia, Williams, Rupert, Firoozi, Sam, Lim, Pitt, Bonato, Giovanna, Sookhoo, Vennessa, Conway, Dwayne, Brooksby, Paul, Wright, Judith, Exley, Donna, Cotton, James, Horton, Richard, Metherell, Stella, Smallwood, Andrew, Hogrefe, Kai, Cheng, Adrian, Beirnes, Charmaine, Sidgwick, Sian, Lockie, Tim, Patel, Niket, Rakhit, Roby, Davies, Nina, Smit, Angelique, Ahmed, Fozia, Hendry, Cara, Fath-Odoubadi, Farzin, Fraser, Douglas, Mamas, Mamas, Oommen, Anu, Charles, Thabitha, Behan, Miles, Japp, Alan, Rif, Belinda, Jenkins, Nicholas, McClure, Sam, Oates, Pauline, Martin, Karen, Abdelaal, Eltigani, Sarma, Jaydeep, Shastri, Sanjay, Riley, Jo, Giannopoulou, Sarra, Quinn, Sophie, Magapu, Pradeep, Stables, Rod, Wright, David, Barton, Janet, Clarkson, Nichola, Mahmoudi, Michael, Flett, Andrew, Curzen, Nick, Radmore, Judith, Gough, Sam, Ludman, Andrew, Kurdi, Hibba, Keenan, Samantha, Banerjee, Prithwish, Tapp, Luke, Edwards, Nigel, Gibson, Catherine, Kukreja, Neville, Lynch, Mary, Barratt, Claire, de Belder, Mark, Thambyrajah, Jeet, Swanson, Neil, Richardson, Cath, Atkinson, Bev, Viswanathan, Girish, Waugh, Darren, Routledge, Helen, Trevelyan, Jasper, Doughty, Angela, Pegge, Nick, Dhamrait, Sukhbir, Moore, Sally, Galasko, Gavin, Cassidy, Christopher, Waddington, Natalia, Edwards, Tim, Iqbal, Javed, Witherow, Fraser, Birch, Jenny, Munro, Melanie, Wells, Tim, Sinha, Manas, Frost, Linda, Lee, Kaeng, Beattie, James, Pitt, Mike, Chung, Alan, Ramcharitar, Steve, McCafferty, Laura, Martin, Thomas, Irving, John, Iskandar, Zaid, Hutcheon, Anita, Gunn, Julian, Al-Mohammad, Abdallah, Agyemang, Michael, Griffiths, Huw, Kalra, Paul, Howe, Serena, Gray, Tim, Sobolewska, Jolanta, Morby, Louise, Glover, Jason, Beynon, James, Knight, Janet, Das, Paul, Bellamy, Chris, Harman, Emily, Pye, Maurice, Megarry, Simon, McGill, Yvonne, and Redfearn, Heidi

Published
2023
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27. Contextual Stress and Maternal Sensitivity: A Meta-Analytic Review of Stress Associations with the Maternal Behavior Q-Sort in Observational Studies

Author

Booth, Anna Tudehope, Macdonald, Jacqui, and Youssef, George

Subjects
Statistics - Applications, Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

Maternal sensitivity is a modifiable determinant of infant attachment security and a precursor to optimal child development. Contextual stressors undermine sensitivity, but research was yet to be synthesized. We aimed to identify i) types of stress associations analyzed in studies of maternal sensitivity and ii) the strength of effects of various stress factors. A systematic search identified all studies that used the Maternal Behavior Q-Sort (MBQS) to code sensitivity in dyadic observations and that reported a coefficient for MBQS associations with contextual stress. Identified stressors cohered around three spheres: sociodemography (maternal education, family income, composite SES, maternal age and cohabitation status); parenting stress (perceived maternal stress related to parenting); and mental health (specifically maternal internalizing symptoms). Seven meta-analyses (combined ns range 223-1239) of a subset of 30 effects from 20 articles, and a multi-level meta-analysis (N=1324) assessed aggregated correlations with sensitivity. Significant mean effects emerged in expected directions, whereby all stress indicators were negatively associated with sensitivity. Small effects were found for associations with parenting stress (r=-0.13) and mental health indicators (r=-0.12). Generally moderate effects were found for associations with socio-demographic indicators (range r=-0.12 to r=0.32). Emerging findings support the proposition that in various contexts of stress, maternal sensitivity to infant needs can be undermined. Implications and research directions are discussed.

Published
2019
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28. Tuning of Microfabrication Parameters for Improving Performance of Microelectrodes in Neural Prosthetics

Author

Huynh, Nha Uyen, Kassegne, Sam, and Youssef, George

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Neural prosthetics are typically situated in an aggressive, biochemical environment that requires materials with superior stability and performance. These probes have dual functionalities of recording and stimulation. The material stability is defined by the ability of these probes to withstand the operating conditions throughout billions of cycles of electrical modulations. On the other hand, performance is measured by the electrochemical response of the microelectrode materials. In this paper, microelectrodes made of two material systems; namely, platinum and glassy carbon thin-films, supported on a flexible substrate are fabricated and investigated for the correlation between process parameters and the electrochemical efficacy of the neural interfaces. The resulting neural electrodes were used to investigate the interrelation between process parameters, surface morphology and topography of platinum and glassy carbon films using scanning electron, and atomic force microscopies. The results show that changes in surface topography and the rate of corrosion are relative to variations in the process parameters. Furthermore, the results indicate a general trend between surface roughness and corrosion rate, in which the increase or decrease of the former corresponds to a similar change in the latter., Comment: (1) the phrase "due to higher potential" is somewhat vague in the context of the discussion stated; and (2) "Platinum may be superior for recording" is not confirmed, since no animal studies were performed. The literature has demonstrated that glassy carbon may perform better than platinum in vivo recording. This is based on actual animal experiments. Vomero et al, Scientific Reports, 2016

Published
2019
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31. Inner Speech Moderates the Relationship between Autism Spectrum Traits and Emotion Regulation

Author

Albein-Urios, Natalia, Youssef, George, Klas, Anna, and Enticott, Peter G.

Abstract

Inner speech processes are thought to be associated with decreases in cognitive performance in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although verbal thinking is also a key component in emotional responses, no studies have investigated whether inner speech is linked to emotion regulation in ASD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether inner speech moderates the relationship between ASD traits and emotion regulation strategies. Our results indicate that only the evaluative/motivational form of inner speech moderates the relationship between ASD traits and cognitive reappraisal; inner speech processes did not moderate the association between ASD traits and expressive suppression. These findings are a first step to further investigate the role of inner speech in affective and self-regulatory processes in ASD.

Published
2021
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33. Comparing the healthy development of youth Australian Rules Footballers across talent development and community settings

Author

Graeme, Liam G, primary, Hall, Kate, additional, Olive, Lisa S, additional, Greenwood, Christopher J, additional, Couston, Nicky, additional, Mattingley, Sophie, additional, Francis, Lauren M, additional, Hoare, Erin, additional, Rice, Simon, additional, Bos, Jason, additional, Harris, Emma, additional, and Youssef, George J, additional

Published
2024
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45. Microwave-Mediated Polymer Bonding of Sands: Experimental Study.

Author

Zina, Ranya A., Pardo, Marco, Youssef, George, and Valdes, Julio R.

Subjects
MICROWAVE heating, TENSILE strength, SOIL temperature, POLYMERS, SOIL drying, BRICKS, SAND
Abstract

Bonding of soil grains can be achieved by melting added polymer particles initially mixed with dry soil. Salient challenges associated with conventional external heating via boundary conduction include long treatment durations and inhomogeneous bonding. The current study aims to overcome these challenges via the use of microwaves to induce quick internal heating. Results of experiments on sand-silt specimens that contain a 10% fraction of natural microwave susceptor grains confirmed that internal heating produces homogeneous bonding much quicker than external heating (by a factor of 20), particularly when the target soil mass is relatively large. The tensile strength (qt) of specimens bonded via microwave heating was found to be inversely proportional to their fines content (FC), although the temperatures sustained by soils increased with increasing FC. Bonded specimens subject to a wetting–drying cycle exhibited lower tensile strengths than the unwetted counterparts. Yet, specimens subject to reexposure to microwaves after a wetting–drying cycle exhibited tensile strengths of at least 85% that of analogous unwetted specimens. The power penetration depth for 2.45 GHz microwaves was calculated to be 0.5 m

Published
2024
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47. Coexistence of Hardening and Softening Phenomena in Elastomeric Polymers under Nano‐Impact Loading.

Author

Kumar, Amritesh and Youssef, George

Subjects
*STRAIN rate, *IMPACT loads, *WEATHERING, *ATMOSPHERIC nitrogen, *POLYMERS, *ELECTRON microscopy
Abstract

This article reports the coexistence of hardening and softening phenomena when polyurea is submitted to repeated nano‐impacts with various impact forces while controlling the strain rate. The manifestation of these phenomena is further elucidated by interrogating ultraviolet irradiated samples under ambient and nitrogen atmospheres, wherein artificial weathering accelerates hardening by reducing the nano‐impact depths as a function of exposure duration while increasing the impact load, nano‐impact repetitions and strain rate sensitivity favored softening. A 21% and 48% increase in indentation depth are recorded after 100 repetitions at a relatively higher force (10 mN) at a low strain rate and low force (2.5 mN) at a relatively higher rate for pristine and weathered polyurea, respectively. Electron microscopy evidences the induced, progressive damage at the nanoscale based on the agglomeration of hard segments, reduced free volume, and weathering‐induced surface embrittlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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49. Psychopathology in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence

Author

Schnabel, Alexandra, Youssef, George J., Hallford, David J., Hartley, Eliza J., McGillivray, Jane A., Stewart, Michelle, Forbes, David, and Austin, David W.

Abstract

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder appear to experience high levels of psychological distress, yet little is known about the prevalence of psychological disorders in this population. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the proportion of these parents who experience clinically significant psychopathology. Articles reporting proportions of psychological disorders in a sample of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder were located. The initial search returned 25,988 articles. Thirty-one studies with a total sample of 9208 parents were included in the final review. The median meta-analytic proportions were 31% (95% confidence interval = [24%, 38%]) for depressive disorders, 33% (95% confidence interval = [20%, 48%]) for anxiety disorders, 10% (95% confidence interval = [1%, 41%]) for obsessive-compulsive disorder, 4% (95% confidence interval = [0%, 22%]) for personality disorders, 2% (95% confidence interval = [1%, 4%]) for alcohol and substance use disorders and 1% (95% confidence interval = [0%, 5%]) for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Significant heterogeneity was detected in these categories. Further research is needed to gain more insight into variables that may moderate parental psychopathology. This review and meta-analysis is the first to provide prevalence estimates of psychological disorders in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Published
2020
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