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Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of epilepsy. However, for this type of condition, antiseizure medication is not effective for children. As miRNAs are involved in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy in children, they may provide potential therapeutic approaches for treatment. The primary aim of this study was to explore the expression and function of miR-135a-5p in children with temporal lobe epilepsy. Hippocampal slices from either normal (control) children or children with temporal lobe epilepsy were used to detect the expression of miR-135a-5p and its target gene caspase activity and apoptosis inhibitor 1. To further explore the role of miR-135a-5p in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy in children, primary hippocampal neurons from newborn rats were cultured in vitro in a magnesium-free medium to mimic the temporal lobe epilepsy condition in children. The effect of transfection of miR-135a-5p inhibitor into cells was also assessed. Apoptosis and proliferation of hippocampus cells was respectively assessed by flow cytometry or 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The level of miR-135a-5p was significantly increased in both children with temporal lobe epilepsy and the epileptiform discharge model that employed newborn rat hippocampal neurons; whereas, the expression of caspase activity and apoptosis inhibitor 1 was downregulated by overexpression of miR-135a-5p. Moreover, miR-135a-5p mediated the pro-apoptotic effect of temporal lobe epilepsy via repressing caspase activity and apoptosis inhibitor 1 expression. Additionally, miR-135a-5p reduced cell survival in the temporal lobe epilepsy condition. Overexpression of miR-135a-5p induced cell apoptosis through inhibition of caspase activity and apoptosis inhibitor 1 expression and suppressed cell survival in children with temporal lobe epilepsy.

This study considers a market comprising two suppliers and one e‐commerce platform. The two competitive suppliers sell products to consumers through the platform. The platform can choose three selling modes: reseller, market, and mixed. Additionally, we consider two referral strategies—namely, exclusive and nonexclusive recommendations—and build a three‐party Stackelberg game model. Per the findings, the difference in the players' decision‐making results exhibits an essential relationship with the recommendation market's initial size. A counterintuitive result is that the product price is not affected by the commission rate in the market mode. This provides referential insights for platforms and suppliers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]