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In previous decades, seminal theories were advanced addressing the problems of asymmetric information. These scholarly works confirmed a significant positive correlation between insurance coverage and risk in insurance markets. We showed that when regression models were used to analyze the asymmetric information problem, the sample selection bias and chosen regression methods could produce distinct results. Moreover, samples at different quantiles may lead to considerably different levels of information asymmetry. The present research suggests that quantile regression models be employed to better reveal the situation of the insurance market and reduce estimation errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the concept of cash refund capital reductions (CRCR) in the context of firms listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation (TSEC) and GreTai Securities Market (GTSM). CRCR is a distinct and increasingly vital financial tool used by these firms. Taiwan stands alone in adopting CRCR, making it a challenge to establish both a theoretical framework and gather empirical evidence on this subject. In this study, we examined 205 CRCR announcements made between 2002 and 2022, delving into their impact on both bull and bear markets. Our investigation reveals that the market responses to CRCR announcements were more significant during bull markets compared to bear markets. Additionally, we delve into the crucial factors influencing market responses in these varying market conditions. The findings underscore the importance for firms announcing CRCR to carefully consider the prevailing market conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the effects of rapid thermal annealing (RTA)-induced cracks on the diode performance fabricated with GaAs-AlGaAs microstructures. These effects were examined and characterized after quantum-well intermixing within an epitaxial structure capped by either Si[O.sub.2] or Sr[F.sub.2] layers. The results show clearly that the density of surface cracks strongly depends on the atomic interdiffusion between the well and the barrier layers and on the quality of the dielectric caps as well. Moreover, surface-crack correlation with the RTA process and dielectric deposition parameters, and the cracking effects on diode performance were observed and analyzed in detail. The results demonstrate that diode characteristics can be greatly improved by good surface morphology. Most importantly, we explored an effective way of reducing the density of RTA-induced cracks for the dielectrics grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, which was beneficial for dielectric-cap quantum-well disordering. OCIS codes: 140.6810, 310.1860, 140.2020, 270.3430.