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Purpose: The present study evaluated the applicability of the sentence-focused framework to Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants (CIs) by examining the relative contribution of receptive/expressive noun and verb lexicon sizes to later grammatical complexity. Method: Participants were 51 Mandarin-speaking children who received cochlear implantation before 30 months of age. At 12 months after CI activation, parents were asked to endorse words that their child could understand only or understand and say using the infant version of the Early Vocabulary Inventory. At 24 months after CI activation, parents were asked to endorse the grammatical structures that their children were able to say using the Grammatical Complexity subtest in the Mandarin Communicative Development Inventory--Taiwan. Children's receptive/expressive noun and verb lexicon sizes and grammatical complexity scores were computed from these parent checklists. Results: Correlational analyses showed that children's receptive/expressive noun and verb lexicon sizes at 12 months after CI activation were all highly correlated with their grammatical complexity scores at 24 months after CI activation ([rho]s = 0.52-0.63, ps < 0.001). Regression analyses further revealed that verb lexicon sizes at 12 months after CI activation outweighed noun lexicon sizes in accounting for grammatical complexity at 24 months after CI activation. Conclusions: Our findings supported the prediction of the sentence-focused framework. Emphasizing the role of verbs in early intervention has the potential to enhance grammatical outcomes in Mandarin-speaking children with CIs.

PURPOSE: Gastric cancer (GC) is among the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between dietary fiber intake and GC. METHODS: We pooled data from 11 population or hospital-based case-control studies included in the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project, for a total of 4865 histologically confirmed cases and 10,626 controls. Intake of dietary fibers and other dietary factors was collected using food frequency questionnaires. We calculated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association between dietary fiber intake and GC by using a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for study site, sex, age, caloric intake, smoking, fruit and vegetable intake, and socioeconomic status. We conducted stratified analyses by these factors, as well as GC anatomical site and histological type. RESULTS: The OR of GC for an increase of one quartile of fiber intake was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.97), that for the highest compared to the lowest quartile of dietary fiber intake was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.88). Results were similar irrespective of anatomical site and histological type. CONCLUSION: Our analysis supports the hypothesis that dietary fiber intake may exert a protective effect on GC.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that dietary vitamin C is inversely associated with gastric cancer (GC), but most of them did not consider intake of fruit and vegetables. Thus, we aimed to evaluate this association within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project, a consortium of epidemiological studies on GC. METHODS: Fourteen case-control studies were included in the analysis (5362 cases, 11,497 controls). We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between dietary intake of vitamin C and GC, adjusted for relevant confounders and for intake of fruit and vegetables. The dose-response relationship was evaluated using mixed-effects logistic models with second-order fractional polynomials. RESULTS: Individuals in the highest quartile of dietary vitamin C intake had reduced odds of GC compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.72). Additional adjustment for fruit and vegetables intake led to an OR of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.98). A significant inverse association was observed for noncardia GC, as well as for both intestinal and diffuse types of the disease. The results of the dose-response analysis showed decreasing ORs of GC up to 150-200 mg/day of vitamin C (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.71), whereas ORs for higher intakes were close to 1.0. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of our pooled study suggest that vitamin C is inversely associated with GC, with a potentially beneficial effect also for intakes above the currently recommended daily intake (90 mg for men and 75 mg for women).

Purpose: The study examined the use of percent grammatical utterances (PGUs) for assessing grammatical skills in Mandarin-speaking 3-year-old children. Method: Participants were 30 Mandarin-speaking 3-year-olds with typical development. Language samples were collected in two visits for each child using a picture description task. Children were asked to talk about 16 pictures in response to questions and prompts at each visit. Pictures for the language sample collection were identical across the visits. PGUs were computed, and the grammatical errors that children produced in the task were coded and tallied for error types at each visit. Test--retest reliability, split-half reliability, and concurrent criterion validity of PGUs were evaluated. Results: The mean PGU level was approximately 78% at Visit 1 and 81% at Visit 2, both of which were significantly below the mastery level (i.e., 90%). The correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability of PGU was large (r = 0.70, p <0.01); the correlation coefficient for split-half reliability was medium at Visit 1 (r = 0.47, p < 0.01) and large (r = 0.65, p < 0.01) at Visit 2. In addition, the correlation coefficient for concurrent criterion validity of PGU was medium for both visits(rs [greater than or equal to] 0.35, ps [less than or equal to] 0.03). The ranking and proportion of each error type were similar between the visits. Conclusion: The initial evidence from psychometric properties suggests that PGU computed from the picture description task is a reliable and valid measure for evaluating grammatical skills in Mandarin-speaking 3-year-old children.

Teleost fishes, which are the largest and most diverse group of living vertebrates, have a rich history of ancient and recent polyploidy. Previous studies of allotetraploid common carp and goldfish (cyprinids) reported a dominant subgenome, which is more expressed and exhibits biased gene retention. However, the underlying mechanisms contributing to observed subgenome dominance remains poorly understood. Here we report high-quality genomes of twenty-one cyprinids to investigate the origin and subsequent subgenome evolution patterns following three independent allopolyploidy events. We identify the closest extant relatives of the diploid progenitor species, investigate genetic and epigenetic differences among subgenomes, and conclude that observed subgenome dominance patterns are likely due to a combination of maternal dominance and transposable element densities in each polyploid. These findings provide an important foundation to understanding subgenome dominance patterns observed in teleost fishes, and ultimately the role of polyploidy in contributing to evolutionary innovations.

Abstract Objective To assess the prevalence, timing, and functional impact of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) and to assess whether these neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of the patients. Methods Our study included a total of 78 patients with CADASIL. To assess neuropsychiatric symptoms, we evaluated the caregivers using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Patients were considered to have an irritability, depression, apathy, aggression, or anxiety disorder if they scored ≥1 in the NPI. Subsequently, we conducted a more detailed assessment of irritability, depression, apathy, aggression, and anxiety. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to analyze the relationships between neuropsychiatric symptoms and clinical/MRI features in the patients. Results Overall, 57.69% of patients with CADASIL experienced neuropsychiatric symptoms. Among these symptoms, irritability was the most prevalent (52.56%), followed by depression (19.23%), apathy (17.95%), aggression (7.69%), and anxiety (6.41%). The mean age of onset for irritability was the youngest, followed by anxiety, apathy, aggression, and depression. Among patients with both stroke/TIA and neuropsychiatric symptoms, 31.03% reported experiencing neuropsychiatric symptoms prior to stroke/TIA. Furthermore, both irritability and apathy had a negative impact on the patients' daily functioning. Additionally, there was a correlation between the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and the patients' MRI lesion burden. Interpretation Our study has discovered that neuropsychiatric symptoms are highly prevalent in patients with CADASIL and may occur before cerebrovascular events, suggesting that neuropsychiatric symptoms of CADASIL deserve more attention and earlier exploration.

Abstract Excitons are fundamental quasiparticles that are ubiquitous in photoexcited semiconductors and insulators. Despite causing a sharp and strong photoabsorption near the interband absorption edge, charge-neutral excitons do not yield photocurrent in conventional photovoltaic processes unless dissociated into free charge carriers. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that excitons can directly contribute to photocurrent generation through a nonlinear light−matter interaction in a noncentrosymmetric semiconductor CuI. Epitaxial thin films of CuI exhibit a substantial enhancement of photocurrent at exciton resonance energies even below the bandgap. From the light polarization dependence, this photocurrent is identified to be shift current, a nonlinear photocurrent driven by the change in the geometric Berry phase of electron wave functions upon the optical transition. The shift current at the exciton resonance is much larger than that induced above the band gap by free electron−hole excitation, and their signs are opposite. First-principles calculations elucidate that the sign and magnitude of the exciton shift current are strongly dependent on the strain in the thin film. The present study reveals the crucial role of excitons in enhancing the shift current magnitude and its strain sensitivity, and will open an unprecedented route for efficient manipulation of nonlinear optical effects.

This study utilized Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy chips as raw materials to prepare recycled billets through a solid-state recycling process. Isothermal hot compression tests were conducted using a thermal simulation machine to establish an Arrhenius-type constitutive equation and the hot processing map based on the dynamic materials model. The microstructure of the recycled Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy after hot compression was characterized and analyzed using SEM, EBSD, and TEM, exploring the microstructural evolution mechanisms of the recycled alloy at different temperatures and strain rates. The results indicate that the optimal hot deformation parameters for the recycled Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy are 300–360 °C at a strain rate of 0.01–0.05 s⁻1 and 400–450 °C at a strain rate of 0.05–0.3 s⁻1. At the same strain rate, as the deformation temperature increases, low-angle grain boundaries gradually disappear, and the grain structure becomes more stable. Dynamic recrystallization replaces dynamic recovery as the dominant mechanism. At the same deformation temperature, low strain rates allow more time for the migration of low-angle grain boundaries, thereby promoting the growth of dynamically recrystallized grains and ultimately forming new, undistorted grains.

The preparation of amorphous alloys typically involves rapid solidification from a molten state. Since 1980, when Yermo and Koch first achieved the amorphization of alloys by mechanical alloying (MA), researchers worldwide have developed a strong interest in this technique, which allows for the amorphization of alloy components in a non-equilibrium state at room temperature without the need for a liquid phase. MA has been widely applied in the fabrication of both equilibrium and non-equilibrium materials over the past few decades, and it remains a crucial technique for the production of amorphous alloys. This review selectively summarizes research on MA-produced amorphous alloys reported over the past two decades. It explores key issues of MA amorphization from the perspectives of both the mechanism of amorphization and the design of amorphous compositions through MA. The first section primarily elucidates commonly used methods for designing amorphous compositions at present, while the second section expounds on the transformation mechanism of MA amorphization. The third section summarizes the influence of alloy element additions on its properties, and the fourth section mainly illustrates the contribution of computational advancements to the exploration of amorphous mechanisms and the design of amorphous compositions. Finally, prospects for the development trend of preparing amorphous alloys through MA are discussed.

Abstract Mechanical equipment is a vital foundational support for promoting national economic development and is widely utilized in key sectors such as aerospace, shipping, construction machinery, energy, petrochemicals, and robotics. With the advancement of artificial intelligence and industrial intelligence, industrial big data and its intelligent analysis provide robust support for fault prediction and health management of equipment. Building on existing research, intelligent diagnostics for mechanical equipment based on deep learning have gained significant attention and application. However, the success of big data relies on comprehensive fault data, which is challenging to obtain in practical applications where continuous equipment operation is essential. Moreover, mechanical equipment often operates under varying conditions, leading to different data distributions for training and testing. This discrepancy can result in low diagnostic accuracy or even failure of deep learning methods. Deep Transfer Learning (DTL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm that not only leverages the advantages of deep learning (DL) in feature representation but also harnesses the strengths of transfer learning (TL) in knowledge transfer. Consequently, DTL techniques can make deep learning-based fault diagnosis methods more reliable, robust, and applicable, leading to extensive development and research in the field of intelligent fault diagnosis. This paper primarily introduces adversarial-based deep transfer learning (ADTL) models, which are fundamentally based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). We provide a detailed discussion of the main applications of ADTL and its recent developments in intelligent fault diagnosis, along with some future challenges and prospects.

Abstract Background Two-line hybrid wheat technology system is one way to harness wheat heterosis both domestically and internationally. Seed vigor is a crucial parameter for assessing seed quality, as enhanced seed vigor can lead to yield increments of over 20% to a certain extent. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were known to participate in the development and vigor of seed in plants, but its impact on seed vigor in two-line hybrid wheat remains poorly elucidated. Results The hybrid (BS1453/11GF5135) wheat exhibited superiority in seed vigor and anti-aging capacity, compared to its male parent (11GF5135, MP) and female parent (BS1453, FP). We identified four miRNAs associated with seed vigor, all of which are novel miRNAs. The majority of targets of miRNAs were related to ubiquitin ligases, kinases, sucrose synthases and hydrolases, involving in starch and sucrose metabolism, hydrolysis, catalysis, plant hormone signal transduction, and other pathways, which played crucial roles in seed development. Additionally, we also found miR531 was differentially expressed in both male parent and hybrid, and its target gene was a component of the E1 subunit of α-ketoate dehydrogenase complex, which interacted with dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3). Finally, We established a presumptive interaction model to speculate the relationship of miR531 and seed vigor. Conclusions This study analyzed the seed vigor of two-line hybrid wheat, and screened seed vigor-related miRNAs. Meanwhile speculated the genetic relationship of hybrid and parents, in terms of miRNAs. Consequently, the present study provides new insights into the miRNA-mediated gene and protein interaction network that regulates seed vigor. These findings hold significance for enhancing the yield and quality of two-line hybrid wheat, facilitating its future applications.

Abstract Traditional models for Imbalanced Fault Diagnosis (IFD) face challenges in practical applications due to domain shifts caused by varying working conditions and machinery. Domain Generalization (DG) models provide an advantage over traditional approaches by learning class-discriminative and domain-invariant feature representations, allowing them to generalize to unseen target data. However, the scarcity of fault samples relative to healthy ones limits their application in real-world industrial scenarios. In this paper, we propose a Domain Mixed-Enhanced Domain Generalization Network (DEMDGN) that enhances IFD performance by utilizing mixup-based data augmentation and domain-based discrepancy metrics to align feature distributions across multiple heterogeneous source domains. By creating domain-invariant features, DEMDGN allows robust fault diagnosis under varying conditions. Extensive experiments on one marine machinery dataset and two bearing datasets demonstrate that the proposed method effectively addresses class imbalance and domain shift problems, achieving superior diagnostic performance.

Abstract Background SARC-F questionnaire is a simple and convenient tool for sarcopenia screening, and SARC-CalF is a modified version of it. The developments of their Chinese versions are warranted for the clinical use for Chinese population. This study aimed to culturally adapt the SARC-F questionnaire into Chinese using standardized methods, validate the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of the Chinese version SARC-F and SARC-CalF against five sarcopenia diagnosis criteria, and determine optimal cut-off values for clinical practice in Chinese population. Methods The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of SARC-F into Chinese were conducted following the methodological report from European Union Geriatric Medicine Society Sarcopenia Special Interest Group. The Chinese version of SARC-F was validated through a diagnostic test, using diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia recommended by the revised 2019 European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) consensus, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS2019) consensus, the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS), the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Biomarkers Consortium and the Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC). Additional analysis was done against the criteria of severe sarcopenia according to the revised EWGSOP2 and AWGS2019. Results The Chinese version of SARC-F was well translated and demonstrated good reliability and acceptability. The diagnostic test included 1859 community-dwelling older individuals from two medical centers. Against five different definitions of sarcopenia, the Chinese version of SARC-F showed reasonable diagnostic accuracy for sarcopenia screening (AUC 0.614–0.821), and was demonstrated low sensitivity (13.7–37.9%) but high specificity (94.8–97.7%) with a cut-off value of ≥ 4. SARC-CalF significantly enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of SARC-F when using definitions of EWGSOP2, AWGS2019 and IWGS (all P ≤ 0.001). A score of ≥ 2 for SARC-F and ≥ 7 for SARC-CalF were established as optimal cut-off points for identifying older individuals as at risk of sarcopenia in Chinese population. Conclusions The Chinese version SARC-F is of reasonable reliability and validity for sarcopenia screening. Despite its low sensitivity, it proves to be a useful tool to identify severe cases in community taking advantage of its simplicity. SARC-CalF appears to be a more suitable screening tool for clinical use in detecting sarcopenia.

Abstract Postoperative abdominal adhesion is one of the most common complications after abdominal surgery. The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway is one of the most common inflammation-related pathways, and it has been demonstrated that TLR4 is highly expressed in adhesive tissues; however, the function of TLR4 in adhesion formation has not yet been studied. In the present study, the expression of TLR4 was first detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) and double-immunofluorescence staining in 40 mice, which were randomly divided into four groups, and sacrificed at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after surgery. Subsequently, another 40 mice were randomly divided into five groups; with the exception of the sham group, the other groups were modeled and treated with saline that contained DMSO, sodium hyaluronate (HA), TAK-242 or TAK-242 + HA (applied to damaged peritoneal wounds). A total of 7 days after surgery, the mice were sacrificed and specimens were collected. Inflammation was detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and ELISA of transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6); collagen deposition was examined by Masson staining and IHC staining of α-SMA; and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by ROS staining and malondialdehyde (MDA) assay. The results revealed that TLR4 was highly expressed in the adhesive tissues at 3, 5 and 7 days after surgery. In addition, TAK-242 + HA treatment could reduce abdominal adhesion formation, exhibiting lower Nair’s score and inflammation scores, lower TGF-β1 and IL-6 levels, and lower collagen thickness and α-SMA levels compared with those in the control group. In addition, the TAK-242 + HA group had lower levels of ROS and MDA compared with those in the control group. The present study revealed that TLR4 was highly expressed in the process of adhesion formation and its inhibitor, TAK-242, combined with HA, could reduce adhesion formation by reducing inflammation and ROS, and alleviating collagen deposition.

Abstract Background In addition to their classic genomic effects, glucocorticoids also manifest rapid non genomic effects. We speculate that dexamethasone has the potential prompt onset of analgesic effects. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of a single preoperative dose of dexamethasone on the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of remifentanil when combined with dexmedetomidine for pain relief during pancreatic extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (P-ESWL). Methods A total of 60 patients undergoing P-ESWL were enrolled and randomized at 1:1 ratio into the dexamethasone (DXM) group and the placebo group. Before anesthesia induction, patients in DXM group received an intravenous injection of 8 mg dexamethasone, while subjects in placebo group received an equal dose of physiological saline. Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) was performed based on remifentanil in combination with dexmedetomidine. Remifentanil was administered by TCI with an initial target concentration of 2.5 µg/mL for both groups. A positive response was defined as that VAS score > 3 by the patient at any time during the procedure. Subsequent target concentrations were adjusted by Dixon up-down sequential method, where dose modifications were performed by 0.3 ng/mL intervals, based on the response of the previous patient. The EC50 of remifentanil for pain relief during P-ESWL treatment was calculated using Dixon’s up-and-down method. Hemodynamic variables, oxygen saturation and adverse events were also recorded. Results Dixon up-and-down method revealed that the EC50 of remifentanil was significantly higher in placebo group (2.65 ± 0.28 ng/mL) than in DXM group (2.02 ± 0.23 ng/ml) (P 0.05). Less adverse events occurred in DXM group, including the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and analgesia requirement with in the first 24 h following the procedure at ward. Conclusion Dexamethasone exerted analgesic effects with a rapid onset, and patients received dexamethasone 8 mg preoperative had a lower required EC50 of remifentanil during P-ESWL. It is also associated with reduced PONV in addition to reduced postoperative analgesic consumption in the first postoperative 24 h. Trial registration Registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300078171) on 30/11/2023.

Objective: To study the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the digestion characteristics and glycemic index (GI) of glutinous rice flour. Methods: With GI value as the index, the effects of four factors, including emulsion concentration, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time and drying temperature, on the digestibility of glutinous rice flour were studied by single factor test and response surface method. The results showed that ultrasound could transform the components between starches, increase the content of resistant starch, and significantly (P

Abstract Over the past decade, there has been a growing interest in ferritin-based vaccines due to their enhanced antigen immunogenicity and favorable safety profiles, with several vaccine candidates targeting various pathogens advancing to phase I clinical trials. Nevertheless, challenges associated with particle heterogeneity, improper assembly and unanticipated immunogenicity due to the bulky protein adaptor have impeded further advancement. To overcome these challenges, we devise a universal ferritin-adaptor delivery platform based on structural insights derived from the natural ferritinophagy complex of the human ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) and the nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4). The engineered ferritinophagy (Fagy)-tag peptide demonstrate significantly enhanced binding affinity to the 24-mer ferritin nanoparticle, enabling efficient antigen presentation. Subsequently, we construct a self-assembling rabies virus (RABV) vaccine candidate by noncovalently conjugating the Fagy-tagged glycoprotein domain III (GDIII) of RABV to the ferritin nanoparticle, maintaining superior homogeneity, stability and immunogenicity. This vaccine candidate induces potent, rapid, and durable immune responses, and protects female mice against the authentic RABV challenge after single-dose administration. Furthermore, this universal, ferritin-based antigen conjugating strategy offers significant potential for developing vaccine against diverse pathogens and diseases.

Background The assessment of chronic disease management capabilities in healthcare institutions is an important element of chronic disease management, but the researchers did not pay attention to the impact of sample heterogeneity on the scientific validity of survey results when using relevant scales, which requires our attention. Objective To explore the impact of the heterogeneity of sample composition on the evaluation results of the scale and put forward countermeasures based on the investigation of chronic disease management quality in primary medical institutions in Chengdu. Methods In February 2022, a total of 889 medical workers was selected from 46 primary care institutions in 23 prefectures and districts (counties) of Chengdu City by using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. The Chinese version of Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (ACIC) was used to assess the quality scores of chronic disease management in the medical institutions. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to explore the impact of sample heterogeneity caused by different genders, years of experience, professional titles, educational levels and job composition on the scale scores. Results The total score of chronic disease management competence of medical workers was negatively correlated with their education level and positively correlated with their professional title (P

ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) after the administration of the bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV2) and the recombinant human papillomavirus 9-valent vaccine (HPV9) in Hebei province, and to evaluate the post-marketing safety of HPV2 and HPV9. MethodsData on AEFI cases following HPV2 and HPV9 vaccination from October 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022, were collected from the AEFI monitoring module of the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The incidence of AEFI reports for HPV2 and HPV9 were compared and analyzed. ResultsFrom October 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022, the average annual incidence of total AEFI reports following HPV2 and HPV9 vaccination in Hebei province was 2.76 per 100 000 doses, with HPV2 and HPV9 at 3.38 per 100 000 doses and 2.39 per 100 000 doses respectively (χ2 = 2.422, P > 0.05). The AEFI mainly comprised adverse reactions, with a total incidence of 2.69 per 100 000 doses, including common reactions and abnormal reactions at 2.42 per 100 000 doses and 0.28 per 100 000 doses respectively. For HPV2, the rates of common reactions and abnormal reactions were 2.22 per 100 000 doses and 0.11 per 100 000 doses respectively, while for HPV9 they were 2.74 per 100 000 doses and 0.55 per 100 000 doses respectively. The differences in the rates of common reactions and abnormal reactions between the two vaccines were not statistically significant (χ2 = 0.757, 3.256, P > 0.05 for both). The most common reaction was local redness and swelling (1.28 per 100 000 doses), and the primary abnormal reaction was anaphylactic shock (0.07 per 100 000 doses), mostly occurring within 24 hours post-vaccination. Ninety percent of individuals with AEFI recovered or showed improvement.ConclusionsAs of the end of 2022, the overall safety of HPV2 and HPV9 vaccinations in Hebei province was favorable, with a very low incidence rate of abnormal reactions.

In order to study the changes of oxidation characteristics of coal with different degrees of metamorphism, the oxidation process of non-sticky coal (BN), gas-fat coal (QF) and 1/3 coking coal (1/3JM) was tested and analyzed by temperature programmed experiment system, the apparent activation energy of different oxidation stages was determined, and the change characteristics of spontaneous combustion limit parameters of coal were quantitatively calculated. The results show that the apparent activation energy of coal with low metamorphism is lower than that of coal with high metamorphism. The average apparent activation energy of BN, QF and 1/3JM coal samples is 39.90, 65.28 and 69.43 kJ/mol, respectively. The apparent activation energy of coal is positively correlated with its metamorphism, and the spontaneous combustion risk of coal with low metamorphism is higher; the apparent activation energy of the same coal at different stages is also different. The apparent activation energy of BN, QF and 1/3JM coal samples at stage 1 is 55.28, 75.05 and 80.79 kJ/mol, respectively, and that of stage 3 is 23.23, 59.07 and 61.50 kJ/mol, respectively, which decreases with the depth of oxidation reaction; the extreme temperature points of the three coal spontaneous combustion limit parameters are 50.3, 61.5 and 59.7 ℃, respectively. The extreme point temperatures of low-metamorphic coals are lower than those of high-metamorphic coals; under the same conditions, the minimum floating coal thickness and lower oxygen volume fraction of low metamorphism coal are smaller, the upper air leakage intensity is larger, and the spontaneous combustion is more likely to occur.

In September 2014, Shanxi Earthquake Agency and the Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration jointly completed the construction of the geomagnetic station array in the Hengshan fault zone in the north of Shanxi. The geomagnetic station array is composed of 5 GM4 type fluxgate magnetometers, which are respectively installed in Daixian, Shanyin, Yingxian, Fanchi and Huairen to obtain the three-component magnetic field data in the observation area. The 5 measurement points of the geomagnetic station array are located near the grounding electrode of the Jinnan line of high-voltage direct current transmission. By comparing the GM4 type fluxgate magnetometer at the 5 measurement points of the geomagnetic station array with the geomagnetic second data of other stations, the interference amplitude of the high-voltage direct current transmission line (Jinbei-Nanjing) on the geomagnetic data of the Shanxi geomagnetic station array was measured, correlation and error analysis also were carried out, and the fitting formula was obtained. The results show that the variation amplitude of the Z component disturbed by the Jinnan line high-voltage direct current transmission in the Shanxi geomagnetic station array decreases as the vertical distance from the station location to the Jinnan line increases, and the interference amplitudes of the H and D components are linearly correlated with the interference amplitude of the Z component. Taking the variation of the Z component as the dependent variable, using the reference fitting formula to obtain the variation of the H and D components can be applied to the daily processing work of the magnetic field interference of the Shanxi geomagnetic station array under the influence of the Jinnan line high-voltage direct current transmission.

Abstract The demand for high-performance electromechanical resonators is ever-growing across diverse applications, ranging from sensing and time-keeping to advanced communication devices. Among the electromechanical materials being explored, thin-film lithium niobate stands out due to its strong piezoelectric properties and low acoustic loss. However, in nearly all existing lithium niobate electromechanical devices, the configuration is such that the electrodes are in direct contact with the mechanical resonator. This configuration introduces an undesirable mass-loading effect, producing spurious modes and additional damping. Here, we present an electromechanical platform that mitigates this challenge by leveraging a flip-chip bonding technique to separate the electrodes from the mechanical resonator. By offloading the electrodes from the resonator, our approach yields a substantial increase in the quality factor of these resonators, paving the way for enhanced performance and reliability for their device applications.

Purpose: The finite verb morphology composite (FVMC) is a valid measure for charting children's tense development and for differentiating children with and without language impairment during preschool and early elementary years. However, it is unclear whether FVMC scores vary as a function of language sample elicitation contexts. The current study evaluated the performance on FVMC in preschool-aged children across different language sampling contexts. Method: Participants were 38 English-speaking children who were between the ages of 3 and 4 years and below the mastery level of tense usage in three language sampling contexts, including conversation (free-play), picture description, and narratives (story retell). FVMC from each sampling context was computed by calculating the overall accuracy of copula be, auxiliary "be," third-person singular present "-s", and past tense "-ed" combined. A linear mixed-effects model comparison was carried out to determine the effect of sampling context on FVMC scores. Results: After controlling for child age, mean length of utterance, and the number of obligatory contexts for FVMC scoring, FVMC scores were significantly higher in conversation than in picture description and narratives. In addition, FVMC scores across the three sampling contexts were significantly correlated (rs [greater than or equal to] 0.62, p< 0.001). Conclusions: Although children's performance on FVMC relative to each other was quite stable across sampling contexts, FVMC scores may vary with sampling contexts. As compared to picture description and narratives, conversation may not adequately capture the limitation in preschoolers' tense development that is important for therapeutic planning.