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Frailty is defined as a condition of reduced physiological reserves. When the elderly is exposed to stressors, it will lead to a state of weakness and increase the risk of adverse health consequences. Early screening of frailty and early intervention can significantly reduce the incidence of adverse consequences, while evaluating the state of patients in frailty can develop more reasonable intervention strategies. This article reviewed the content, clinical application, advantages and disadvantages of frailty screening tools and evaluation tools, aiming at early screening, evaluation of patients with frailty and early intervention, helping clinical decision-making and management of elderly patients with frailty, selecting suitable screening and evaluation tools for patients, and reducing the incidence of a series of adverse consequences.

Quantitative analysis of optical attenuation based on optical coherence tomography images will offer an effective method to enhance diagnostic capabilities. In this paper, the optical attenuation in demineralized caries specimens was calculated to distinguish between normal teeth and carious teeth and further to differentiate the severity of caries, and thus come to the half‐automated diagnosis of dental caries. Results show that the attenuation coefficient in carious regions is approximately 4.97mm−1±0.206, while that of normal teeth is about 3.69mm−1±0.231. Attenuation coefficient of carious regions is 35% higher than that of normal teeth. Moreover, five classes of caries were qualified and classified based on the optical attenuation coefficient. Compared with the healthy teeth, there is a noticeable disparity in the attenuation coefficients of carious teeth, both on the surface and at the dentinoenamel junction. This study provides a method for accurate caries diagnosis, particularly in detection of early lesions and subtle structural changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lonicera macranthoides, the main source of traditional Chinese medicine Lonicerae Flos, is extensively cultivated in Southwest China. However, the quality of L. macranthoides produced in this region significantly varies due to its wide distribution and various cultivation breeds. Herein, 50 Lonicerae Flos samples derived from different breeds of L. macranthoides cultivated in Southwest China were collected for quality evaluation. Six organic acids and three saponin compounds were quantitatively analyzed using HPLC. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of a portion of samples was conducted with 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging experiments. According to the quantitative results, all samples met the quality standards outlined in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The samples from Guizhou, whether derived from unopened or open wild-type breeds, exhibited high quality, while the wild-type samples showed relatively significant fluctuation in quality. The samples from Chongqing and Hunan demonstrated similar quality, whereas those from Sichuan exhibited relatively lower quality. These samples demonstrated significant abilities in clearing ABTS and DPPH radicals. The relationship between HPLC chromatograms and antioxidant activity, as elucidated by multivariate analysis, indicated that chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, and isochlorogenic acid C are active components and can serve as Q-markers for quality evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic separation of photocatalysts holds great promise for water treatment. A magnetic separation method has a positive effect on the recovery of catalysts after degradation. In this paper, an efficient and reusable catalytic system is developed based on coating magnetic Fe3O4 by depositing Fe2+ on the surface of ZnO. The Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposite exhibits enhanced performance for organic pollutant degradation. The Fe3O4/ZnO system demonstrates a high photocatalytic activity of 100% degradation efficiency in Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation under UV light irradiation for 50 min. The excellent photocatalytic activity is primarily due to the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs being facilitated by the strong interaction between Fe3O4 and ZnO. The induction of the magnetic Fe3O4 endows the Fe3O4/ZnO composite with superior magnetic separation capability from water. Experiments with different radical scavengers revealed that the hydroxyl radical (·OH) is the key reactive radical for the effective degradation of RhB. This work innovatively affords a common interfacial dopant deposition strategy for catalytic application in the degradation of organic dye pollutants and catalyst separation from wastewater efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Janus 2D materials have drawn substantial attention recently owing to its extraordinary interface properties and promising applications in optoelectronic devices. However, the scalable fabrication of high‐quality Janus 2D materials is still one of the main obstacles to hinder its implementation in the industry. Herein, a new method (called "chemical breakdown") is developed to obtain large‐area uniform Janus graphene oxide (J‐GO) films with high‐quality. Moreover, the first application of J‐GO in the field of memristive devices is presented for neuromorphic computing. In particular, crossbar arrays of Ag/J‐GO/Au memristive devices that exhibit threshold resistive switching (RS) with enhanced performance are fabricated, e.g., low leakage current (≈10−12 A), low operation voltage (≈0.3 V), high endurance (>12,000 cycles), and electro‐synaptic plasticity. This work provides a novel strategy to obtain large‐area, continuous and uniform Janus 2D films, and proposes a new application for Janus 2D materials in a hot topic (i.e., neuromorphic computing) within the field of solid‐state microelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major causes of visual impairment in adults with diabetes. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is nowadays widely used as the golden criterion for diagnosing DR. Recently, wide-field OCTA (WF-OCTA) provided more abundant information including that of the peripheral retinal degenerative changes and it can contribute in accurately diagnosing DR. The need for an automatic DR diagnostic system based on WF-OCTA pictures attracts more and more attention due to the large diabetic population and the prevalence of retinopathy cases. In this study, automatic diagnosis of DR using vision transformer was performed using WF-OCTA images (12 mm × 12 mm single-scan) centered on the fovea as the dataset. WF-OCTA images were automatically classified into four classes: No DR, mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), moderate to severe NPDR, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The proposed method for detecting DR on the test set achieves accuracy of 99.55%, sensitivity of 99.49%, and specificity of 99.57%. The accuracy of the method for DR staging reaches up to 99.20%, which has been proven to be higher than that attained by classical convolutional neural network models. Results show that the automatic diagnosis of DR based on vision transformer and WF-OCTA pictures is more effective for detecting and staging DR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have found that removing the sporoderm significantly enhanced antitumor and immunoregulatory activities of Ganoderma lucidum spore (GLS) compared with breaking the sporoderm. However, the pharmacokinetics of sporoderm‐removed GLS (RGLS) and sporoderm‐broken GLS (BGLS) remain elusive. To compare the pharmacokinetic differences between the two products, we developed a UPLC–QqQ MS method for determining nine representative triterpenoid concentrations. Chloramphenicol was used as an internal standard. The samples were separated on a reversed‐phase column using acetonitrile–0.1% formic acid and water–0.1% formic acid as mobile phases. Nine triterpenoids were analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring mode. The results showed that the area under the concentration–time curve from dosing to time t of all nine components was increased in RGLS compared with BGLS. And the time to the maximum concentration in BGLS was delayed compared with that of RGLS. These indicated that the absorption of RGLS was better than that of BGLS, and the sporoderm might hinder the absorption of the active components. These results increase our understanding of the bioavailability of BGLS and RGLS and indicate that increased bioavailability is one of the main reasons for the enhanced efficacy of RGLS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]