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This paper defines the connotation of Digital China. Based on the concept of"Five-in-one"put forward by the Party Central Committee, this paper summarizes the construction logic of Digital China Index System from the three levels of macro objectives, strategy quantification and measurement, and puts forward five core indicators, nine main indicators and four sub item index systems of Digital China. At the same time, various types of efficacy functions, weighted factor analysis and cluster analysis are used to carry out dimensionless processing, weighted calculation and data statistical analysis of the basic data of Digital China index system. Finally, we propose some policy suggestions for the construction of Digital China in the future.

The deepening of informatization requires the continuous improvement of the bandwidth, latency, rate and other performance of information technology, and the continuous decline in cost and power consumption. However, due to physical characteristics, electronic information technology is faced with many challenges, especially in the dimensions of bandwidth and power consumption. Making full use of the advantages of photons, we propose the convergence of photonics and electronics to enable information photonics playing a pillar role in technology fields such as connection/transmission, routing/switching, computation/processing and so on, and promote human beings from the electronic information age to the photoelectronic information age.

The main purpose of this study was to develop observation techniques and processing technology for the electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) of sapphire wafers. To measure the effect of gas-film thickness, discharge-spark conditions, and droplet sliding frequency on machining quality and efficiency in ECDM, this research utilized high-speed cameras to observe the gas film thickness and formation of the gas film during ECDM. Additionally, this study observed the machining-gap phenomena during ECDM. The formation mechanism and machining characteristics of the gas film were understood through experiments. The machining parameters included the liquid level, working voltage, rotation speed, and duty factor. This study analyzed and discussed the effect of each machining parameter on the gas-film thickness, current, electrode consumption, and droplet sliding frequency. Moreover, this study aimed to obtain optimized machining parameters to overcome the difficulty of machining sapphire. The experimental results indicated that utilizing a high-speed camera to capture the phenomena between electrodes during electrochemical discharge could effectively observe the gas-film thickness and the coverage of the gas film. A higher bubble coalescence rate enhanced the machining capability and reduced the lateral discharge. Therefore, this study could obtain better machining-hole depths through observation and analysis to improve gas-film stability and machining capability. This study demonstrated that a liquid level of 700 µm, a working voltage of 48 V, a duty factor of 50%, and a tool electrode rotational speed of 200 rpm could achieve a hole depth of 86.7 µm and a hole diameter of 129.5 µm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work improved the sluggish kinetics in an alkaline medium's electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by introducing the π-conjugated electronic effect from rationally designed Pt-1,1′-bi-(2-naphthol) (BINOL) hybrid nanocomposites. The inorganic–organic hybrid nanocomposites were aqueously synthesized by a facile one-pot approach upon modulation of the surfactant concentration to precisely control the morphology in organic BINOL entities. This protocol led to different geometric nanostructures, including spheres (Pt-BINOL nanospheres) and lamellar flakes (Pt-BINOL nanoflakes), which allowed for fine-tuning of the d-band states of Pt NPs in the hybrid nanocomposites. In the two kinds of Pt-BINOL nanocomposites, the nanoflakes exhibited a low overpotential (24 mV) at the current density of 10 mA·cm–2 and the Tafel slope (19.1 mV dec–1), showing a superior HER efficiency not only much better than the nanospheres and the Pt/C catalyst but also comparable to the HER electrocatalysts in the late literature, with the lowest charge-transfer resistance (Rct) 11.1 Ω and 1.12% of Pt-weight loading revealing that the Pt-BINOL nanoflakes are a cost-efficient electrocatalyst in alkaline HER. In conclusion, engineering the spatial arrangement of Pt NPs over the π-conjugated BINOL nanocarriers to enhance the Pt-catalyzed HER is important in developing efficient inorganic–organic hybrid nanostructures for generating H2 energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hish speed deep packet inspection using TCAM faces the problem of high power dissipation.A 2-phase DPI method BF-TCAM was proposed.The first phase used parallel Bloom filters to exclude the normal packets not including attack signatures.The second phase used TCAM to inspect suspicious packets including real attack packets and false positive packets of the first phase.The Bloom filters’ false negative probability is zero and false positive probability is very low.Since most of the network data traffic does not include attack signatures,the method can get high speed deep packet inspection with low power dissipation.

A novel congestion control algorithm （JDCC） for multimedia traffics was proposed. JDCC improves the QoS of multimedia stream in metro Ethernet network by detecting and discarding packets that accumulated enough jitter so as to maintain a high bandwidth for packets that stay within the multimedia stream’s jitter tolerance. Simulation results have shown that the proposed scheme can effectively lower the average received packet jitter than that using traditional congestion control algorithm RED and DropTail. Moreover, the proposed scheme can improve the useful goodput of the received packets when compared to RED and DropTail.

In order to improve the availability of routers,systematically presented possible implementation approaches on high-availability routers and classified them into three catalogs: protocol extension,state synchronization and data dupli-cation.It modeled and analyzed these fault-recovery schemes in continuous-time Markov chains（CTMC）.Based on theo-retical results,it proposed a novel adaptive fault-recovery method（AFM） to dynamically select protection and restoration methods.It is illustrated that AFM could effectively improve the availability and is scalable.It has been implemented on a 128Gbit/s high-performance router.

Background: Emergency medical service (EMS) personnel have high COVID-19 risk during resuscitation. The resuscitation protocol for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) was modified in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, how the adjustments in the EMS system affected patients with OHCA remains unclear.Methods: We analysed data from the Taichung OHCA registry system. We compared OHCA outcomes and rescue records for 622 cases during the COVID-19 outbreak period (1 February to 30 April 2020) with those recorded for 570 cases during the same period in 2019.Results: The two periods did not differ significantly with respect to patient age, patient sex, the presence of witnesses or OHCA location. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation with automated external defibrillators were more common in 2020 (52.81% vs 65.76%, p<0.001%, and 23.51% vs 31.67%, p=0.001, respectively). The EMS response time was longer during the COVID-19 pandemic (445.8±210.2 s in 2020 vs 389.7±201.8 s in 2019, p<0.001). The rate of prehospital return of spontaneous circulation was lower in 2020 (6.49% vs 2.57%, p=0.001); 2019 and 2020 had similar rates of survival discharge (5.96% vs 4.98%). However, significantly fewer cases had favourable neurological function in 2020 (4.21% vs 2.09%, p=0.035).Conclusion: EMS response time for patients with OHCA was prolonged during the COVID-19 pandemic. Early advanced life support by EMS personnel remains crucial for patients with OHCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autophagy, a prosurvival mechanism offers a protective role during acute kidney injury. We show novel findings on the functional role of RNA binding protein, HuR during hypoxia‐induced autophagy in renal proximal tubular cells‐2 (HK‐2). HK‐2 cells showed upregulated expressions of HuR and autophagy‐related proteins such as autophagy related 7 (ATG7), autophagy related 16 like 1 (ATG16L1), and LC3II under hypoxia. Increased autophagosome formation was visualized as LC3 puncta in hypoxic cells. Further, short hairpin‐RNA‐mediated loss of HuR function in HK‐2 cells significantly decreased ATG7 and ATG16L1 protein expressions. Bioinformatics prediction revealed HuR motif binding on the coding region of ATG7 and AU‐rich element at 3′UTR ATG16L1 messnger RNA (mRNA). The RNA immunoprecipitation study showed that HuR was predominantly associated with ATG7 and ATG16L1 mRNAs under hypoxia. In addition, HuR enhanced autophagosome formation by regulating LC3II expressions. These results show that HuR regulates ATG7 and ATG16L1 expressions and thereby mediate autophagy in HK‐2 cells. Importantly, HuR knockdown cells underwent apoptosis during hypoxia as observed through the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Collectively, these findings show the crucial role of HuR under hypoxia by regulating autophagy and suppressing apoptosis in renal tubular cells. Under hypoxic stress in renal tubular cells, HuR translocate into the cytosol and regulates autophagy related 7/autophagy related 16 like 1 expressions and autophagosome formation. HuR promotes autophagy and suppresses apoptosis during cellular adaption to hypoxic stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]