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Objective To describe the problems faced by young patients and their parents when obtaining and using compounded drugs. Methods This prospective observational descriptive study included patients 0 to 21 years of age who were discharged from a mother–child tertiary hospital with a prescription containing at least one compounded drug between February 2016 and July 2016. Families were called 7 to 10 business days after discharge to complete a telephone follow-up questionnaire. Retail pharmacies were contacted to obtain additional information in order to compare the dispensed compounded drug with the prescription and published master formulas. Results The parents of 71 patients with a median age of 6.9 months were surveyed regarding 99 compounded drugs corresponding to 34 different oral formulations. Out of 314 issues identified, 252 were considered as problems: 9 involved major and 243 minor problems with real or potential consequences. Conclusion This study identified a significant number of compounding-related problems. It suggests that current practice standards are insufficient and action should be taken to improve the use and the dispensation of compounded drugs to ensure patients' safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These should have been captured as " SP 2 sp Xiamen key laboratory of perinatal-neonatal infection, Xiamen, China"; " SP 3 sp Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, China". " SP † sp Ya-sen Wang, Wei Shen, Rui-miao Bai, Juan Zhang, Wen-ting Yu, Juan Kong contributed equally to this work", however, in the published version, this was incorrectly captured as " SP † sp Ya-sen Wang, Wei Shen, Juan Zhang, Yi-jia Zhang, Shi-rong Song, Juan Kong contributed equally to this work." Jian Mao, Xiao-mei Tong, Zhan-kui Li, Fan Wu, Xin-zhu Lin are co-corresponding author on this paper, but in the published version, only Xin-zhu Lin has been captured as such. [Extracted from the article]

The NF- $$\kappa$$ B signaling system regulates a number of cellular processes. Recent studies with simplified models found a damped function of the dual delayed feedback NF- $$\kappa$$ B signaling module. We use a computational model to investigate how multiple delayed feedback aids achieving damping oscillation in the system and how internal noise can influence the damping function. A curve-fitting method (CFM) is introduced to quantify the damped oscillation. Our results show that (1) the structure of multiple delayed feedback, containing double or triple significantly delayed feedback, determines achieving damped oscillation. (2) Internal noise could aid the system to achieve damped oscillation under almost all circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the reliability of using local pedicled mandibular osteomuscular and facial-cervico-pectoral flaps to fill defects of both the mandible and cheek following debridement. METHODS: Six patients with refractory osteoradionecrosis of the mandible underwent radical resection and reconstruction of L-shaped defects with combined pedicled mandibular osteomuscular and facial-cervicopectoral flaps. RESULTS: All flaps survived. The function and aesthetics were satisfactory for both the patient and surgeon, and no donor-site problems occurred. The patients were followed for an average of 20.6 months (range 16-24 months) and recurrence was not encountered. CONCLUSION: The pedicled mandibular osteomuscular and facial-cervico-pectoral flaps are technically simple, fast to harvest. These flaps enabled reconstruction of both composite L-shaped defects of the mandible and soft-tissue defects of the cheek following debridement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies have shown that bullous pemphigoid (BP) occurs in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the risk of developing BP in patients with CKD remains inconclusive., Objective: To investigate whether CKD increases the risk of BP., Methods: Participants were recruited from the National Health Insurance Database of Taiwan between 2007 and 2018. Overall, 637,664 newly diagnosed patients with CKD and 637,664 age-, sex-, and comorbidity-matched non-CKD participants were selected. A competing risk model was used to evaluate the risk of development of BP., Results: After adjusting for age, sex, and comorbid diseases in the multivariate model, CKD was a significant risk factor for BP (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-1.42; p < 0.001). CKD patients were classified into the dialytic or non-dialytic groups and compared to non-CKD participants, and this revealed that patients with dialysis-dependent CKD had the highest risk of BP (aHR 1.75; 95% CI 1.51-2.03), followed by patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD (aHR 1.20; 95% CI 1.08-1.32)., Limitations: We lacked detailed laboratory data on the severity of CKD., Conclusions: Compared with individuals without CKD, those with CKD had a 1.3-fold increased risk of BP. Patients with dialysis-dependent CKD had an even higher BP risk (1.8-fold)., (© 2023 Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft (DDG).)

Objectives: To compare the impact of two types of fat emulsion on clinical outcomes in preterm infants with varying duration of parenteral nutrition (PN)., Methods: Preterm infants meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to two groups: medium/long-chain triglyceride fat emulsion (referred to as MCT/LCT) group or multi-oil fat emulsion (containing soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil; referred to as SMOF) group. The infants were stratified into groups based on the duration of PN (15-21 days, 22-28 days, and ≥29 days). Clinical characteristics, nutritional status, biochemical indicators, and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups., Results: Compared with the MCT/LCT group, the SMOF group had lower peak levels of triglyceride during the hospital stay in preterm infants with PN of 15-21 days, 22-28 days, and ≥29 days, respectively ( P <0.05). Logistic regression trend analysis showed that with a longer duration of PN, the risk of parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) significantly increased in the MCT/LCT group ( P <0.05), while the risk of brain injury did not significantly change ( P >0.05). In the SMOF group, the risks of PNAC and BPD did not significantly change with a longer duration of PN ( P >0.05), but the risk of brain injury significantly decreased ( P =0.006)., Conclusions: Compared to MCT/LCT, SMOF have better lipid tolerance. With a longer duration of PN, SMOF does not increase the risks of PNAC and BPD and had a protective effect against brain injury. This suggests that in preterm infants requiring long-term PN, the use of SMOF is superior to MCT/LCT.

Aim: To identify risk factors of recurrence of this disorder after intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) monotherapy., Methods: Totally 33 eyes of 19 patients who underwent initial IVR treatments for type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at our center were retrospectively reviewed between April 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017. Patient demographics, the side of ROP, multiple gestations, Apgar scores, zone, stage, plus disease, postmenstrual age at injection, surfactant therapy, blood transfusion therapy, hemorrhage before IVR, hemorrhage after IVR, gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy-induced hypertension, anemia, intraventricular hemorrhage, sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, carbohemia, and congenital heart defects were recorded. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals were determined after adjusting for potential confounders using multivariate proportional Cox regression., Results: Of the 33 eyes, 12 (36.4%) had ROP recurrences 45.3 (5.1, 50.9)mo after initial IVR treatments. The independent risk factors for ROP recurrences were zone (II vs I, HR: 0.056, P =0.003) and gestational diabetes mellitus (no vs yes, HR: 0.095, P <0.001). The mean uncorrected visual acuity for four recurrence eyes was 0.46 logMAR (0.13, 0.70) at 55.0 (51.0, 58.9) mo after the initial IVR treatment. The mean uncorrected visual acuity for 10 eyes without recurrence was 0.46 logMAR (0.19, 0.63) at 48.0 (43.8, 58.4) mo after the initial IVR treatment., Conclusion: Two independent risk factors for type 1 ROP recurrence after IVR treatment involving zone I and gestational diabetes mellitus are identified, and the mean uncorrected visual acuity is 0.46 logMAR at 51.0 (44.0, 58.9)mo. The findings of this study are important for follow-up management and for improving the visual function of ROP patients., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)