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Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 1. Real-Time RT-PCR primer sequences.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is increasing worldwide with typically higher grade and stage. Studies suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in cancer; However, their role in HPV-positive OSCC progression remains unclear.Methods: miRNA microarray was performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. qRT-PCR and FISH were performed to determine the relative expression of miR-550a-3-5p. CCK-8, Flow cytometry, Wound healing, Cell invasion assays and xenograft experiments were conducted to analyze the biological roles of miR-550a-3-5p. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) generation, co-culturing of cancer cells with TAMs, Western blot, Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, Immunohistochemistry and animal studies were performed to explore the mechanisms underlying the functions of miR-550a-3-5p. Results: In this study, we identified 19 miRNAs differentially expressed in HPV-positive OSCC specimens. One of these, miR-550a-3-5p, was down-regulated in HPV-positive OSCC. This down-regulation correlated with higher tumor size and nodal metastasis. Biofunctional investigations revealed that miR-550a-3-5p inhibited tumor growth and progression in nude mice models without altering the in vitro migration, invasion and EMT of HPV-positive OSCC cells. After co-culturing cancer cells with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), we found that the effects of miR-550a-3-5p on suppressing migration, invasion and EMT of HPV-positive OSCC cells were dependent on decreasing M2 macrophages polarization. Moreover, we identified that miR-550a-3-5p, down-regulated by E6 oncoprotein, inhibited M2 macrophages polarization by YAP/CCL2 signaling, which in turn abrogating EMT program in HPV-positive OSCC cells. Using YAP inhibitor, verteporfin (VP) in a HPV-positive OSCC model of transgenic mice also showed that tumors were less progressive when compared to those in Vehicle group. In both xenografts and clinical HPV-positive OSCC samples, miR-550a-3-5p levels were inversely associated with YAP, CCL2 expressions and the number of M2 macrophages.Conclusions: E6/miR-550a-3-5p/YAP/CCL2 signaling induces M2 macrophages polarization to enhance EMT and progression, revealing a novel crosstalk between cancer cells and immune cells in HPV-positive OSCC microenvironment.

Additional file 4: Table S1. miRNA microarray results (Fold change ≥2, P

The three death cases of falciparum malaria in Wenzhou City were all imported from Africa. One patient died on 10 January 2007 because of severe clinical symptoms after hospitalization. The second case was initially misdiagnosed as influenza in primary health and medical institution. The patient's condition quickly worsened and died of Plasmodium falciparum infection on 5 March 2011. The third patient belonged to "non-identity" person, and there were no detailed information and epidemiological history on admission, which resulted in the delayed diagnosis, disease exacerbation and death. In conclusion, the health education should be provided to the people who return from Africa and also to medical workers in order to reduce the mortality of falciparum malaria.

In this investigation, a series of hierarchical CdIn

Optical micromanipulation of particles based on the optical trapping effect induced by the interaction between light and particles has been successfully applied to many interdisciplinary fields including biomedicine and material sciences. When particles are trapped in three dimensions, the conventional wide-field optical microscopy can only monitor the movement of the trapped particles in a certain transverse plane. The ability to observe the particle movement along light trajectories is limited. Recently, a novel method named axial plane optical microscopy(APOM) has been developed to directly image the axial plane that is parallel to the optical axis of an objective lens. The APOM observes the axial plane by converting the axial information of a sample into that of a transverse plane by using a 45°-tilted mirror. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate that the APOM serves as an effective tool for observing the axial movement of particles in optical tweezers. By combining with a conventional wide-field optical microscopy, we show that both transverse and axial information can be acquired simultaneously for the optical micromanipulation. As in our first experimental demonstration, we observe two particles which are trapped and aligned along the optical axis. From the transverse image, only one particle is observable, and it is difficult to obtain the information along the axial direction. However, in the axial plane imaging, the longitudinal dipolar structure formed by the two particles is clearly visible. This clearly demonstrates the APOM imaging capability along the axial axis. The numerically simulations on the trapping focal spot against the position of a collimating lens agree well with our experimental APOM results. Furthermore, we directly observe the dynamic capture process of a single trapped particle in transverse plane by conventional wide-field optical microscopy as well in axial plane by the APOM, and can obtain the 3D information rapidly and simultaneously. We point out that the observable axial dynamic range is about 30 μm. Taking advantages of no requirement of scanning and data reconstruction, the APOM has potential applications in many fields, including optical trapping with novel beams and 3D imaging of thick biological specimens.

Sector partition is a source of segmentation associated with institution arrangements, which causes sector wage gaps. Sector wage gap in different periods show different characteristics along with the changes of ownership structure of employment, and the state-owned sector wages experienced a change from the discount to the premium, which embodies the stage characteristic of China's reform from “the resignation to business tide” to “the laid off tide”. However, among urban residents with local registration, there has been a persistent attachment to the state sector. In this article, we use a CHNS data — a micro level data for China to estimate the treatment effect of sector attribution on sector wage gaps in China. It shows that state-owned sector attribution by itself has been shown the role to improve the sector wages after control the selection bias, indicating that accessing the state-owned sector and become state-owned sector employee has its benefits on the incentives. The reason that the performance differ in different periods is mainly due to the change of the ownership structure of employment and the change of the access probability.

Nondiffracting optical beams play an important role in contemporary optics due to their special propagation characteristics, i.e., nondiffracting in a diffraction-free zone, shape recovering behind obstacles or self-healing property. Liquid crystal spatial light modulators (LC-SLM) are widely used for generating nondiffracting optical beams in virtue of programmable and dynamic features. In this paper, we propose a complex amplitude modulation technique that can encode any scalar complex fields for generating the complex nondiffracting beams. Before experiment, the phase modulation curve of the phase-only LC-SLM is optimized into being linear in a range of 0-2πby gamma correction in the way of variable binary phase gratings. Then, we experimentally generate the nonaccelerating beams, e.g., two zero-order Bessel beams with variable intensity distributions, and the nondiffracting petal-like beams generated by interfering with two coaxial Bessel beams. By scanning a reflection mirror near the focal region along the optical axis, a stack of two-dimensional images is acquired, and then a three-dimensional intensity profile of the beam is reconstructed with a software. We also experimentally demonstrate a new kind of multi-main-lobe accelerating beam with parabolic accelerating trajectory by modifying the spatial spectrum of classical Airy beam. Compared with the so-called vectorial accelerating beam with multiple main lobes in spheroidal coordinates, our generated two-main-lobe accelerating beam has a very high energy efficiency. The self-healing property of the two-main-lobe accelerating beam is also demonstrated. The presented technique can generate a variety of complex nondiffracting optical beams rapidly and obtain their three-dimensional intensity distributions accurately, which has potential applications in the fields of optical microscope, optical date storage, optical trapping, optical micromachining, etc.

Upon excitation of high intensity linearly polarized femtosecond laser, a blue-shifted two-photon induced photoproduct named F540 state with permanent photo-induced anisotropy is observed in bacteriorhodopsin (BR) films. Based on the F-state, permanent optical data storage can be realized with spatial field modulation of femtosecond laser. By using a phase-only spatial light modulator to modulate the spatial phase distribution of the incident femtosecond laser beam, we generate spot-patterns in the focal plane of the microscopic objective lens, and the patterns are recorded in the BR film. At the same time, by varying the polarization direction of the excitation laser beam, polarization-multiplexed optical data storage in the BR film is demonstrated, which is applicable to high-density optical data storage and optical information encryption.