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Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that generates cross-sectional images of chest by measuring changes in impedance as electric currents passing through human body. In perioperative respiratory management, EIT provides a real-time, consecutive monitoring of lung ventilation and perfusion status, guiding respiratory management of perioperative patients including medication for COPD and asthma, personalized PEEP settings for specific patient populations, lung protection for pediatric perioperative cases, and predicting postoperative pulmonary complications. Application of EIT in the perioperative period helps clinicians to manage patient respiratory status more accurately, reduces complications and improves outcomes. Through real-time monitoring and individualized treatment guidance, EIT enhances the safety and effectiveness of perioperative respiratory management, becoming an essential part of the operating room. This review summarises the application of EIT in the perioperative period, aiming to provide reference for the clinical application of EIT.

Venous adventitial cystic disease (VACD) is a rare vascular disease which often manifests as unilateral limb swelling, and so misdiagnosed as other diseases such as deep vein thrombosis. Color Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography and magnetic resonance imaging play a crucial role in the diagnosis of VACD. Surgical treatment is the main method for VACD, including cyst incision, cyst wall resection, cyst puncture, aspiration and cyst and vessel resection. The recurrence rate of VACD is relatively high, ranging from 20% to 83%. Enhancing the understanding of VACD, making accurate diagnoses and appropriate surgical operation are of great significance for improving treatment outcomes and reducing the recurrence rate.

Aim: The purpose of this retrospective patient chart review was to analyze the clinical data of 52 patients with benign parotid tumors who underwent modified buried vertical mattress sutures and to assess the postoperative complication rate and patient scarring. Methods: A total of 52 patients with benign parotid tumors underwent total parotidectomy and modified buried vertical mattress suture. Variables included general characteristics (age, gender, tumor diameter, and pathologic type), surgical indicators (suture time, wound healing time, operative time, hospital stay, bleeding volume, and drainage volume), complication rates, and Sunnybrook facial neurological function score, visual scar scale (VSS) score and patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS) score. Results: Most tumors were less than 3 cm in diameter, with pleomorphic adenomas being the most common. Suture time was 14.83 ± 1.61 min, operative time was 58.90 ± 15.76 min and hospital stay were 5.12 ± 0.96 days. Postoperatively, salivary fistulae developed in one patient, Frey's syndrome in two patients, temporary facial paralysis in six patients and temporary numbness in the incision area in six patients. At 6 months postoperatively, 86.5% of patients had a Sunnybrook score of more than 80, and VSS scores and POSAS scores were between one and two. Conclusion: The postoperative complication rate was 30.8%, and the scarring in the facial incision area was mild and close to normal skin at 3 years postoperatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of pH, alkalinity, and mass transfer efficiency on the removal of arsenite [As(III)] by zero-valent iron (ZVI) were evaluated in this study. The optimum pH range for removal of As(III) was found to be between 7 and 8. As(III) removal varied with salinity, pH, alkalinity conditions, and As(III) concentration. Degradation of As(III) removal performance was observed only under conditions of high alkalinity and arsenic concentrations [alkalinity >10 g CaCO3/L and 2.9 mg/L As(III)]. A strong correlation between As(III) removal and increasing Reynolds number in batch testing suggests that mass transfer efficiency plays an important role in the removal of As(III) by ZVI. A diffusion-limited adsorption model was used to describe the removal of As(III) as the result of adsorption to precipitated iron oxides generated from ZVI corrosion. After an initial period of As(III) rapid adsorption to surface rusts formed during manufacturing and exposure to air, As(III) removal rate is most likely controlled by the rate of iron corrosion and the diffusion of As(III) to adsorption sites in ZVI/iron oxides. CE Database subject headings: Arsenic; Ground-water quality; Iron; Remedial action; Sorption; Water treatment.

Summary: NLRP3 inflammasome hyperactivation contributes to neuroinflammation in autoimmune disorders, but the underlying regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. We demonstrate that compared with wild-type (WT) mice, mice lacking thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) receptor (TSLPR) (Tslpr−/− mice) exhibit a significantly decreased experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) score, reduced CD4+ T cell infiltration, and restored myelin basic protein (MBP) expression in the brain after EAE induction by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35–55 (MOG35–55). TSLPR signals through Janus kinase (JAK)2, but not JAK1 or JAK3, to induce NLRP3 expression, and Tslpr−/− mice with EAE show decreased JAK2 phosphorylation and NLRP3 expression in the brain. JAK2 inhibition by ruxolitinib mimicked loss of TSLPR function in vivo and further decreased TSLP expression in the EAE mouse brain. The NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 decreased CD4+ T cell infiltration, restored MBP expression, and decreased IL-1β and TSLP levels, verifying the pro-inflammatory role of NLRP3. In vitro experiments using BV-2 murine microglia revealed that TSLP directly induced NLRP3 expression, phosphorylation of JAK2 but not JAK1orJAK3, and IL-1β release, which were markedly inhibited by ruxolitinib. Furthermore, EAE induction led to an increase in the Th17 cell number, a decrease in the regulatory T (Treg) cell number in the blood, and an increase in the expression of the cytokine IL-17A in the WT mouse brain, which was drastically reversed in Tslpr−/− mice. In addition, ruxolitinib suppressed the increase in IL-17A expression in the EAE mouse brain. These findings identify TSLP as a prospective target for treating JAK2-NLRP3 axis-associated autoimmune inflammatory disorders. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)-mediated activation of inflammasome might be involved in experimental animal encephalitis. Janus kinase (JAK)2-directed NLRP3 inflammasome hyperactivation might play a critical role in the neuroinflammation. Ruxolitinib might be effective to alleviate NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated autoimmune inflammation in autoimmune encephalitis by inhibition of JAK2 signalling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]