Search

Background: The homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score serves as a promising biomarker to identify patients who are eligible for treatment with PARP inhibitors (PARPi). Previous studies have suggested a 3-biomarker Genomic Instability Score (GIS) threshold of ≥ 42 as a valid biomarker to predict response to PARPi in patients with ovarian cancer and breast cancer. However, the GIS threshold for prostate cancer (PCa) is still lacking. Here, we conducted an exploratory analysis to investigate an appropriate HRD score threshold and to evaluate its ability to predict response to PARPi in PCa patients. Methods: A total of 181 patients with metastatic castration-resistant PCa were included in this study. Tumor tissue specimens were collected for targeted next-generation sequencing for homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes and copy number variation (CNV) analysis. The HRD score was calculated based on over 50,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) distributed across the human genome, incorporating three SNP-based assays: loss of heterozygosity, telomeric allelic imbalance, and large-scale state transition. The HRD score threshold was set at the last 5th percentile of the HRD scores in our cohort of known HRR-deficient tumors. The relationship between the HRD score and the efficacy in 16 patients of our cohort who received PARPi treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Genomic testing was succeeded in 162 patients. In our cohort, 61 patients (37.7%) had HRR mutations (HRRm). BRCA mutations occurred in 15 patients (9.3%). The median HRD score was 4 (ranged from 0 to 57) in the total cohort, which is much lower than that in breast and ovarian cancers. Patients who harbored HRRm and BRCA or TP53 mutations had higher HRD scores. CNV occured more frequently in patients with HRRm. The last 5th percentile of HRD scores was 43 in the HRR-mutant cohort and consequently HRD high was defined as HRD scores ≥43. In the 16 patients who received PARPi in our cohort, 4 patients with a high HRD score achieved an objective response rate (ORR) of 100% while 12 patients with a low HRD score achieved an ORR of 8.3%. Progression-free survival (PFS) in HRD high patients was longer compared to HRD low patients, regardless of HRRm. Conclusions: A HRD score threshold of 43 was established and preliminarily validated to predict the efficacy of PARPi in this study. Future studies are needed to further verify this threshold.

Plant Jiaosu is a kind of product made from fruit and vegetable cereals as the main raw material by microbial fermentation. It has been gradually favored by the public because of its non-toxic and harmless characteristics and multiple physiological functions. Understanding the metabolic mechanisms of plant Jiaosu plays an important role in improving their quality. However, there are still few summaries on the metabolic mechanism of plant Jiaosu. This paper comprehensively analyzes the research progress of plant Jiaosu, and introduces the related metabolic pathways, product change analysis, product formation influencing factors, flavor source and flavor substance changes of plant Jiaosu in the process of plant ferment glycolysis. The future development of plant Jiaosu is discussed, which provides a reference for the further research and development of plant Jiaosu.

Long-term storage of crop seeds is critical for the conservation of germplasm resources, ensuring food supply, and supporting sustainable production. Rice, as a major food staple, has a substantial stock for consumption and production worldwide. However, its food value and seed viability tend to decline during storage. Understanding the physiological responses and molecular mechanisms of aging tolerance forms the basis for enhancing seed storability in rice. This review outlines the latest progress in influential factors, evaluation methods, and identification indices of seed storability. It also discusses the physiological consequences, molecular mechanisms, and strategies for breeding aging-tolerant rice in detail. Finally, it highlights challenges in seed storability research that require future attention. This review offers a theoretical foundation and research direction for uncovering the mechanisms behind seed storability and breeding aging-tolerant rice.

Abstract In recent years, immunotherapy, particularly PD-1 antibodies, have significantly enhanced the outcome of gastric cancer patients. Despite these advances, some patients do not respond well to treatment, highlighting the need to understand resistance mechanisms and develop predictive markers of treatment effectiveness. This study retrospectively analyzed data from 106 patients with stage IV gastric cancer who were treated with first-line immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy. By comparing plasma cytokine levels between patients resistant and sensitive to PD-1 antibody therapy, the researchers identified elevated IL-4 expression in the resistant patients. Mechanical investigations revealed that IL-4 induces metabolic changes in macrophages that activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This alteration promotes ATP production, enhances glycolysis, increases lactic acid production, and upregulates FcγRIIB expression in macrophages. Ultimately, these changes lead to CD8+ T cell dysfunction and resistance to PD-1 antibody therapy in gastric cancer. These findings highlight the role of IL-4-induced macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming in immune resistance and verify IL-4 as potential targets for improving treatment outcomes in gastric cancer patients.

Background: Research on return to sport and psychological recovery in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) revision remains scarce. The clinical efficacy of artificial ligament in ACL revision requires further exploration. Our objectives were (1) to compare the midterm clinical outcomes of artificial ligament versus allogenic tendon graft in ACL revision and (2) to analyze the effects of employing artificial ligament on return to sport and psychological recovery in ACL revision. Methods: This cohort study included the cases receiving ACL revision from 2014 to 2021 in Sports Medicine Department of Huashan Hospital. The grafts used were Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System (LARS) and ATT allograft. We recorded patients' baseline data. The final follow-up assessment included subjective scales, physical examination, and return to sport status. We recorded the rates and timings of return to sport. Subjective scales included the 2000 International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, Lysholm Knee Scaling Score (LKSS), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Tegner activity score, Marx activity rating score, and Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI). Anterior knee stability was assessed using the KT-1000 arthrometer. Results: Fifty cases (LARS group: 27; ATT group: 23) enrolled and 45 (LARS group: 23; ATT group: 22) completed evaluations with a median follow-up period of 49 months. At recent follow-up, LARS group outperformed in knee stability (1.0 ± 1.9 mm vs. 2.6 ± 3.0 mm, P = 0.039), confidence (86.7 ± 12.4 vs. 69.4 ± 18.6, P

Abstract To assess the effectiveness and safety of combining Saccharomyces boulardii powder with triple therapy as a primary approach for eradicating H. pylori infection, a total of 144 patients who tested positive for H. pylori and diagnosed with non-ulcer dyspepsia underwent endoscopy at two national centers between June 2017 and March 2019 were included. The patients were categorized into three groups using a subsection randomization method and received initial H. pylori eradication treatments. Microbial composition, eradication rates, symptom alleviation, and adverse reactions were monitored on the 14th and 44th days post-treatment. According to PP analysis showed the eradication rates for the SRAC group was 75%, BRAC was 93.18% and RAC was 65.2%. Group BRAC exhibited a marginally higher eradication rate compared to other groups. However, patients receiving Saccharomyces boulardii treatment exhibited an overall reduction in initial dyspepsia symptoms by the end of the treatment period. When employed as a primary strategy, the combination of Saccharomyces boulardii powder with triple therapy displayed notable efficacy and smaller gastrointestinal side effects in eradicating initial H. pylori infections among non-ulcer dyspepsia patients. Moreover, this approach demonstrated advantages in alleviating symptoms, exhibited favorable tolerance, and maintained a high level of clinical safety.

Objective: To compare the impact of two pesticide dose forms on Blattella germanica (B. germanica)resistance enzymes.The micro-drop technique was utilized on subcultured B. germanica, and the metabolic enzyme activity was assessed.Using spectrophotometry, the relative enzyme activities of B.germanica were determined.Profile analysis was used to compare the enzyme activities of beta-cypermethrin in both nanoemulsion and traditional emulsion forms.Findings: The suppression percentages of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AchE), GST, and P450–O demethylases across different pesticide formulations were analyzed using regression equations, yielding F = 31.18, P

In the contemporary epoch, cancer stands as the predominant cause of premature global mortality, necessitating a focused exploration of molecular markers and advanced therapeutic strategies. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent mRNA modification, undergoes dynamic regulation by enzymes referred to as methyltransferases (writers), demethylases (erasers), and effective proteins (readers). Despite lacking methylation activity, RNA-binding motif protein 15 (RBM15), a member of the m6A writer family, assumes a crucial role in recruiting the methyltransferase complex (MTC) and binding to mRNA. Although the impact of m6A modifications on cancer has garnered widespread attention, RBM15 has been relatively overlooked. This review briefly outlines the structure and operational mechanism, and delineates the unique role of RBM15 in various cancers, shedding light on its molecular basis and providing a groundwork for potential tumor-targeted therapies.

In this study, six bimetallic rare earth (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu) cobalt nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (RECo-NCNTs) were synthesized with g-C3N4 derivative method. These RECo-NCNTs were characterized by SEM, BET, XPS, XRD and Raman. In addition, their catalytic performances for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) had also been tested. The introduction of rare earths did not destroy the structure of nanotubes but apparently change their ORR performances. The PrCo-NCNTs showed the significant improvement in catalytic ability for ORR (onset potential of 0.95 V and half-wave potential of 0.79 V), which is very close to that of commercial 20 % Pt/C. Moreover, PrCo-NCNTs exhibits an excellent catalytic stability (no activity decay after 10000st cycles) and an outstanding methanol toxic tolerance. Assembled in metal–air batteries (Zn-air, Al-air and Mg-air), the PrCo-NCNTs electrode also presents high power densities and discharge voltages.

An elongation of 880 % was obtained at a high initial strain rate of 1 × 10−2 s−1 at 470 °C in an Al–Cu–Li alloy produced by traditional thermomechanical-processing. The high-strain-rate superplastic deformation mechanisms during the whole deformation process were studied by SEM, EBSD, and FIB techniques. High-resolution surface studies employing focused ion beams reveal that grain boundary sliding accounts for up to 70 % of the overall strain. Furthermore, this phenomenon consistently maintains a high level, with a minimum value of 56 %, throughout the entire deformation process. Meanwhile, diffusion creep plays an accommodating role and stimulates the formation of striated bands.

In the background of the large-scale development and utilization of renewable energy, the joint operation of a variety of heterogeneous energy sources has become an inevitable development trend. However, the physical characteristics of different power sources and the inherent uncertainties of renewable energy power generation have brought difficulties to the planning, operation and control of power systems. For now, the utilization of multi-energy complementarity to promote energy transformation and improve the consumption of renewable energy has become a common understanding among researchers and the engineering community. This paper makes a review of the research on complementarity of new energy high proportion multi-energy systems from uncertainty modeling, complementary characteristics, planning and operation. We summarize the characteristics of the existing research and provide a reference for the further work.

In this paper, the concept of incorporating core–shell structured units as secondary phases to toughen Al2O3 ceramics is proposed. Al2O3 composite ceramics toughened by B4C@TiB2 core–shell units are successfully synthesized using a combination of molten salt methodology and spark plasma sintering. The synthesis of B4C@TiB2 core–shell toughening units stems from the prior production of core–shell structural B4C@TiB2 powders, and this core–shell structure is effectively preserved within the Al2O3 matrix after sintering. The B4C@TiB2 core–shell toughening unit consists of a micron-sized B4C core enclosed by a shell approximately 500 nm in thickness, composed of numerous nanosized TiB2 grains. The regions surrounding these core–shell units exhibit distinct geometric structures and encompass multidimensional variations in phase composition, grain dimensions, and thermal expansion coefficients. Consequently, intricate stress distributions emerge, fostering the propagation of cracks in multiple dimensions. This behavior consumes a considerable amount of crack propagation energy, thereby enhancing the fracture toughness of the Al2O3 matrix. The resulting Al2O3 composite ceramics display relative density of 99.7%±0.2%, Vickers hardness of 21.5±0.8 GPa, and fracture toughness 6.92±0.22 MPa·m1/2.

Objective: To express the protein HmpA of Salmonella paratyphi A in prokaryotes, and perform bioinformatics analysis on it to provide a theoretical reference for studying the effect of this protein on the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway in the host. Methods: The hmpA gene was amplified by PCR and subcloned into the T-vector. Then the expression vector pNdeI-hmpA was constructed and transformed into BL21 (DE3). After induced by IPTG, the recombinant protein expression form was assessed by SDS-PAGE. HmpA was purified using Histrap preload column and identified by Western blot. Bioinformatics technology was used to analyze the characteristics of HmpA. Results: The prokaryotic expression vector pNdeI-hmpA was successfully constructed. HmpA coexisted in the inclusion body and soluble forms under low temperatures after being induced with IPTG. The purified HmpA protein could be detected by the anti-His antibody. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that HmpA was a hydrophilic protein with no transmembrane structural domain or signal peptide. The secondary structure of this protein was mainly composed of α-helix with irregular convolutions, and the tertiary structure model was similar to a ring. The protein structural domain analysis showed that HmpA contains one functional structural domain belonging to the PRK13289 superfamily. There were 32 phosphorylation sites in HmpA. Associated with multiple Salmonella proteases or transcription factors that degrade nitrates and killer NO. Conclusion: This study successfully obtained Salmonella paratyphi A HmpA protein by genetic engineering technology and predicted part of its biological characteristics by bioinformatics methods, which would provide theoretical support for the subsequent uncovering of the influence of HmpA of Salmonella paratyphi A on the nitric oxide signaling pathway in the host.

Reliable service of indispensable titanium alloys in aeroengines is limited by the bottleneck problem of titanium fires. In this study, a tri-layer fire retardant coating with a bi-functional ceramic barrier layer is proposed to suppress titanium fire. Results show that the current coating can increase the fire retardant temperature by ≥ 300 K under droplet ignition. Thermal barrier effect of the YSZ refractory ceramic layer significantly reduces Ti alloy temperature, and oxygen barrier effect prevents active Ti from directly contacting oxygen during the entire ablation process. Therefore, the two barrier effects effectively prevent occurrence of titanium fire. In addition, dissolution of the Ni-based abradable seal coating makes burning TC4 molten droplet extinguished in a short time, thus further inhibiting titanium fire ignition. The present study provides an effective method for reliable service and titanium fire-resistant design of titanium alloys.

Carbon materials/MXenes composite materials have gained widespread attention in the field of supercapacitors due to their excellent electrochemical performance. Carbon materials are considered ideal electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their high specific surface area, good conductivity, and outstanding electrochemical stability. MXenes, as a novel two-dimensional material, exhibit prominent conductivity, mechanical properties, and ionic conductivity, thereby showing great potential for applications in energy storage devices. The combination of carbon materials and MXenes is expected to fully leverage the advantages of both, optimizing electrode conductivity, enhancing the energy density and power density, and improving the charge–discharge performance. This article reviews the key research progress of carbon/MXenes composite materials in supercapacitors in recent years, including their synthesis methods, structural tuning, and improvements in their electrochemical performance. Finally, the article looks forward to future research directions and proposes potential strategies to enhance the overall performance of the composite materials and achieve large-scale applications. By addressing the existing challenges, carbon/MXenes composite materials are anticipated to achieve higher energy and power outputs for the supercapacitor field in the future, providing strong support for the development of new energy storage technologies such as electric vehicles and wearable devices.

Study objectiveTo investigate whether different timings of GnRH-a downregulation affected assisted reproductive outcomes in infertile women with moderate-to-severe intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) accompanied by adenomyosis.DesignA retrospective case series.SettingAn assisted reproductive technology center.PatientsThe study reviewed 123 infertile women with moderate-to-severe IUAs accompanied by adenomyosis undergoing their first frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles between January 2019 and December 2021.Measurements and main resultsThe majority of patients had moderate IUA (n=116, 94.31%). The average Basal uterine volume was 73.58 ± 36.50 cm3. The mean interval from operation to the first downregulation was 21.07 ± 18.02 days (range, 1–79 days). The mean duration of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was 16.93 ± 6.29 days. The average endometrial thickness on the day before transfer was 10.83 ± 1.75 mm. A total of 70 women achieved clinical pregnancy (56.91%). Perinatal outcomes included live birth (n=47, 67.14%), early miscarriage (n=18, 25.71%), and late miscarriage (n=5, 7.14%). The time interval between uterine operation and the first downregulation was not a significant variable affecting live birth. Maternal age was the only risk factor associated with live birth (OR:0.89; 95% CI: 0.79–0.99, P=0.041).ConclusionsThe earlier initiation of GnRH-a to suppress adenomyosis prior to endometrial preparation for frozen embryo transfer did not negatively impact repair of the endometrium after resection.

Introduction Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent type of cancer affecting women globally, and chemotherapy plays a pivotal role in its treatment by diminishing tumour recurrence and enhancing the survival rates of patients. However, chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) often occurs in patients undergoing treatment. Although multiple clinical trials have indicated that exercise therapy can improve CRCI in patients with breast cancer, there are variations in the types of exercise interventions and their effectiveness. We aim to perform a pioneering network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess and prioritise the effectiveness of various exercise interventions in enhancing cognitive function in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy.Methods and analysis We will search multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, Wanfang and Sinomed databases, from their inception to May 2023. The main outcome is the cognitive function changes in patients with breast cancer, including subjective and objective results. We will specifically include randomised controlled trials reported in English and Chinese languages, whose primary outcome consists of an assessment of the cognitive function of patients with breast cancer using standardised and validated assessment tools, encompassing both subjective and objective outcomes. The quality of all the trials included will be evaluated based on ‘Version 2 of the Cochrane tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized controlled trials (RoB2)’. We will conduct a Bayesian NMA to thoroughly evaluate and compare the effectiveness of different exercise interventions. We will use cumulative ranking probability plots to estimate the ranking of the best interventions for various exercises. Network plots and funnel plots will be employed to display the study sizes and participants of each exercise intervention, as well as potential publication biases.Ethics and dissemination The study findings will be shared via peer-reviewed journals to ensure the highest quality and credibility of the research. As the reporting will not include any private patient data, there are no ethical considerations associated with this protocol.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023406597.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of a 24-week, center-based, aerobic exercise program plus duloxetine to treat symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and major depression. Design: Patients with symptomatic knee OA and major depression were recruited between August 2021 and November 2022 from the University of Maryland and VA Maryland Health Care Systems and Baltimore metropolitan area using medical records and advertisements. The intervention included 1) supervised treadmill walking 3 times weekly and 2) duloxetine starting at 30 ​mg each day and titrating up to the optimal dosage of 60 ​mg daily. Data collection occurred at baseline and 12- and 24-weeks follow-up. Feasibility was evaluated from recruitment rates, reasons for drop out, and treatment adherence. Clinical measures included the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Results: Among 377 interested participants, 9 patients were enrolled, and 1 completed treatment. The most common reason reported for not prescreening was time commitment (n ​= ​39), many patients did not satisfy depression screening criteria (n ​= ​45), and most enrolled participants were not experiencing a major depressive episode (n ​= ​6). The single treated participant was 100 ​% adherent to duloxetine and depression severity decreased (HAM-D ​= ​25 to 1), but compliance to supervised exercise was only 26 ​%, and knee pain severity changed little (KOOS ​= ​41.7 to 44.4). Conclusions: This intervention had low feasibility. Time commitment to supervised exercise sessions reduced accessibility, and depression defined by diagnostic criteria precluded knee OA patients with depressive symptoms not a meeting case-level diagnosis from receiving treatment. Clinical trial registration number: NCT04111627.

Abstract Evaluating therapy efficacy is crucial for patients with tuberculosis (TB), especially those with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). The World Health Organization currently recommends sputum smear and culture as the standard methods for evaluating pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) therapy efficacy. However, these approaches have limitations including low sensitivity, lengthy culture periods, and susceptibility to contamination. There is an urgent need for dependable biomarkers to evaluate therapy efficacy in patients with PTB. Numerous new biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and the host have been used in recent studies to evaluate PTB therapy efficacy. A systematic review and update of these biomarkers can facilitate the discovery of novel biomarkers and assessment models, as well as provide a solid scientific basis for alternative indicators of evaluating therapy efficacy. In this review we summarize the recent advancements and limitations of biomarkers used to monitor therapy efficacy, highlighting the importance of utilizing a combination of biomarkers. Although some biomarkers have potential in evaluating the efficacy of therapy in patients with PTB, they also have some limitations. Further research, validation, and optimization are required to identify the most reliable and effective alternative biomarkers and apply them to clinical practice.

Abstract The visual modeling method enables flexible interactions with rich graphical depictions of data and supports the exploration of the complexities of epidemiological analysis. However, most epidemiology visualizations do not support the combined analysis of objective factors that might influence the transmission situation, resulting in a lack of quantitative and qualitative evidence. To address this issue, we developed a portrait-based visual modeling method called +msRNAer. This method considers the spatiotemporal features of virus transmission patterns and multidimensional features of objective risk factors in communities, enabling portrait-based exploration and comparison in epidemiological analysis. We applied +msRNAer to aggregate COVID-19-related datasets in New South Wales, Australia, combining COVID-19 case number trends, geo-information, intervention events, and expert-supervised risk factors extracted from local government area-based censuses. We perfected the +msRNAer workflow with collaborative views and evaluated its feasibility, effectiveness, and usefulness through one user study and three subject-driven case studies. Positive feedback from experts indicates that +msRNAer provides a general understanding for analyzing comprehension that not only compares relationships between cases in time-varying and risk factors through portraits but also supports navigation in fundamental geographical, timeline, and other factor comparisons. By adopting interactions, experts discovered functional and practical implications for potential patterns of long-standing community factors regarding the vulnerability faced by the pandemic. Experts confirmed that +msRNAer is expected to deliver visual modeling benefits with spatiotemporal and multidimensional features in other epidemiological analysis scenarios.

Carbon-neutral architectural design focuses on rationally utilizing the building’s surroundings to reduce its environmental impact. Resilient ventilation systems, developed according to the thermal comfort requirements of building energy-saving research, have few applications. We studied the Jin-an Shopping Mall in Harbin and established the middle point height (h), middle point horizontal location (d), roof angle (α), and exposure to floor ratio (k) as the morphological parameters of the atrium. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the mean radiant temperature (MRT), and the universal thermal climate index calculations (UTCI), this program was set to switch off air conditioning when the resilient ventilation met the thermal comfort requirement to achieve energy savings. The energy-saving efficiency (U) was calculated based on the energy consumption of the original model, and U could reach 7.34–9.64% according to the simulation and prediction. This study provides methods and a theoretical basis for renovating other commercial complexes to improve comfort and control energy consumption.

Reliable service of indispensable titanium alloys in aeroengines is limited by titanium fire with unclear critical conditions. In this study, critical conditions in the form of parameter phase diagrams for secondary burning were determined by molten droplet ignition. Finite element analysis (FEA) reveals that the molten droplet size (R0), relative oxygen content (Pr), and initial temperature (T0) significantly affect titanium fire following power exponential laws. In addition, Pr and T0 affect ablation synergically, and a unified empirical relationship for critical ablation of titanium alloy is established. Furthermore, the critical T0 of a typical TC4 alloy under 20% Pr is higher than 973 K, which explains the reliable service performance of TC4 alloy at ≤ 873 K in compressors in commerical air engines. In addition, the critical empirical conditions are consistent with the FEA results, and the deviation occurs due to oxidation at T0 ≥ 673 K. Moreover, the ablated TC4 alloy can be divided into five characteristic zones, and loose and porous oxide scales are formed at the front of the titanium fire. The present study points the way towards long-lifetime services of TC4 alloys through sound titanium fire protection strategies.

Novice drivers often face challenges such as misjudgment, inappropriate steering control, distraction, and insufficient speed control when making left turns at intersections, leading to safety hazards. Installing intersection guide lines offers a solution by providing clear path directions, mitigating safety concerns associated with novice drivers’ left-turn actions. This study explored the impact of intersection guide line configurations on the driving behavior of novice drivers during left turns, utilizing large, medium, and small typical intersections to create six categories of left-turn simulation scenarios in a driving simulator. Data on vehicle trajectory, steering angle, steering speed, and eye-tracking were collected and analyzed. The study revealed that guide line arrangement significantly influences novice drivers’ left-turning behavior, enhancing path guidance while reducing trajectory and steering angle fluctuations, speed variations, and driver attention dispersion. This improvement in stability is particularly notable as intersection size and the number of left-turn lanes increase. The study’s findings offer robust theoretical support and guidance for the development and widespread adoption of intersection guide lines.

In recent decades, the issue of building energy usage has become increasingly significant, and U-values for building envelopes have been key parameters in predicting building energy consumption. This study comprehensively reviews the U-values (thermal transmittances) of building envelopes made from conventional and bio-based materials. First, it introduces existing studies related to the theoretical and measured U-values for four types of building envelopes: concrete, brick, timber, and straw bale envelopes. Compared with concrete and brick envelopes, timber and straw bale envelopes have lower U-values. The differences between the measured and theoretical U-values of timber and straw bale envelopes are minor. The theoretical U-values of concrete and brick envelopes ranged from 0.12 to 2.09 W/m2K, and the measured U-values of concrete and brick envelopes ranged from 0.14 to 5.45 W/m2K. The theoretical U-values of timber and straw bale envelopes ranged from 0.092 to 1.10 W/m2K, and the measured U-values of timber and straw bale envelopes ranged from 0.04 to 1.30 W/m2K. Second, this paper analyses the environmental factors influencing U-values, including temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation. Third, the relationship between U-values and building energy consumption is also analysed. Finally, the theoretical and measured U-values of different envelopes are compared. Three research findings in U-values for building envelopes are summarised: (1) the relationship between environmental factors and U-values needs to be studied in detail; (2) the gaps between theoretical and measured U-values are significant, especially for concrete and brick envelopes; (3) the accuracy of both theoretical and the measured U-values needs to be verified.

Restoring campus pedestrian spaces is vital for enhancing college students’ mental well-being. This study objectively and thoroughly proposed a reference for the optimization of restorative campus pedestrian spaces that are conducive to the mental health of students. Eye-tracking technology was employed to examine gaze behaviors in these landscapes, while a Semantic Difference questionnaire identified key environmental factors influencing the restorative state. Additionally, this study validated the use of virtual reality (VR) technology for this research domain. Building height difference (HDB), tree height (HT), shrub area (AS), ground hue (HG), and ground texture (TG) correlated significantly with the restorative state (ΔS). VR simulations with various environmental parameters were utilized to elucidate the impact of these five factors on ΔS. Subsequently, machine learning models were developed and assessed using a genetic algorithm to refine the optimal restorative design range of campus pedestrian spaces. The results of this study are intended to help improve students’ attentional recovery and to provide methods and references for students to create more restorative campus environments designed to improve their mental health and academic performance.

Human–machine interactions (HMIs) have penetrated into various academic and industrial fields, such as robotics, virtual reality, and wearable electronics. However, the practical application of most human–machine interfaces faces notable obstacles due to their complex structure and materials, high power consumption, limited effective skin adhesion, and high cost. Herein, we report a self-powered, skin adhesive, and flexible human–machine interface based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (SSFHMI). Characterized by its simple structure and low cost, the SSFHMI can easily convert touch stimuli into a stable electrical signal at the trigger pressure from a finger touch, without requiring an external power supply. A skeleton spacer has been specially designed in order to increase the stability and homogeneity of the output signals of each TENG unit and prevent crosstalk between them. Moreover, we constructed a hydrogel adhesive interface with skin-adhesive properties to adapt to easy wear on complex human body surfaces. By integrating the SSFHMI with a microcontroller, a programmable touch operation platform has been constructed that is capable of multiple interactions. These include medical calling, music media playback, security unlocking, and electronic piano playing. This self-powered, cost-effective SSFHMI holds potential relevance for the next generation of highly integrated and sustainable portable smart electronic products and applications.

This paper investigates the impact of halloysite nanotube (HNT) content on mechanical and shape memory properties of additively manufactured polyurethane (PU)/HNT nanocomposites. The inclusion of 8 wt% HNTs increases their tensile strength by 30.4% when compared with that of virgin PU at 44.75 MPa. Furthermore, consistently significant increases in tensile modulus, compressive strength and modulus, as well as specific energy absorption are also manifested by 47.2%, 34.0%, 125% and 72.7% relative to neat PU at 2.29 GPa, 3.88 MPa, 0.28 GPa and 0.44 kJ/kg respectively. However, increasing HNT content reduces lateral strain due to the restricted mobility of polymeric chains, leading to a decrease in negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR). As such, shape recovery ratio and time of PU/HNT nanocomposites are reduced by 9 and 45% with the inclusion of 10 wt% HNTs despite an increasing shape fixity ratio up to 12% relative to those of neat PU.

Widespread glyphosate contamination in the environment and its endocrine-disrupting potential are concerning. However, evidence of glyphosate’s effects on glycemic health is limited. To examine the association between glyphosate and glucose homeostasis in the general US population, a total of 3038 individuals were enrolled from the 2013-2016 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Survey-weighted linear regression and restricted cubic spline curves were used to detect the associations between glyphosate and glycemic disorders. The effects of interactions between sex hormones and glyphosate on glycemic outcomes were evaluated. The results showed that glyphosate was significantly linked to increased glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (β = 0.01; 95%CI, 0.01 to 0.02; p = 0.001) and the compromised homeostatic model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-beta) scores (β = −0.09; 95%CI, −0.17 to −0.01; p = 0.024). More importantly, these “glyphosate–glycemic disorder” associations were significantly modified by sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG; P for interaction < 0.05), with more pronounced relationships being identified in individuals with low SHBG levels. Our findings indicate that glyphosate is correlated with glucose dyshomeostasis. Individuals with low SHBG levels exhibited susceptibility to glyphosate-related glycemic toxicity; therefore, it might be prudent to determine glycemic health in those subjects with glyphosate exposure.

Given the challenges associated with the low accuracy, complexity of the equipment, and poor interference resistance observed in current wireless multipath channel measurements, this study introduces a novel algorithm called KFSC-WRELAX. This algorithm integrates techniques involving pseudorandom noise (PN) sequences, Kalman filtering (KF), sliding correlation, and weighted Fourier transform combined with the RELAXation (WRELAX) algorithm. An m-sequence is employed as the probing sequence for channel detection. The effectiveness of the KFSC-WRELAX algorithm is demonstrated through both simulation experiments and corridor testing, showing that it can accurately determine the delays in various paths with robust performance at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of −5 dB or higher.

This study investigated the effect of various non-isothermal aging processes on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 7055 aluminum alloy extruded bars. The investigation utilized electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, local corrosion resistance and slow strain rate tensile test combined with microstructure characterization techniques such as metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicate that the NIA-2 (120 °C→200 °C/30 min→120 °C, v = 30 °C/h) process significantly improves the strengths of the alloy compared to the T73 temper, the tensile strength and yield strength increase by 53.0 MPa–632.5 MPa and by 64.7 MPa–605.4 MPa respectively. Additionally, the maximum depths of intergranular corrosion (IGC) and exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) decrease from 80.6 μm to 97.7 μm–71.4 μm and 89.5 μm respectively. Therefore, the NIA-2 process can achieve both high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the study shows that the sizes of grain boundary precipitates (GBPs) and matrix precipitates (MPs) increase with the sequence of NIA-1 (120 °C→200 °C→120 °C, v = 30 °C/h), NIA-2, and NIA-3 (120 °C→200 °C→120 °C, v = 20 °C/h) processes. The atomic percentages of Zn, Mg, and Cu in GBPs also vary with the different processes. The increases in the sizes of GBPs, MPs, and the widths of precipitation-free zones (PFZs), as well as the segregations of GBPs components, are primarily responsible for the improved mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the alloy.

Abstract Background Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), which is a well-known hemorrhagic disorder characterized by low platelet counts, has been shown to be associated with the risk of thrombosis. Thrombopoietic agents (TAs) are extensively used as second-line treatments for ITP, effectively reducing the risk of hemorrhage. However, thrombosis, a potential adverse effect of TAs, raises clinical challenges. Methods The MEDLINE(PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for relevant studies, including both single-arm trials and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), without language restrictions. Results A total of 17 RCTs comprising 2,105 patients and 29 single-arm trials comprising 3,227 patients were included. In the single-arm meta-analysis, the pooled rate of overall thrombotic events in ITP patients receiving TAs was 2.2% (95% CI 1.0% − 3.7%). In RCTs, a higher incidence of thrombosis (33/1425 vs. 4/680) and higher risk ratios (RR) of overall, arterial, and venous thrombotic events (1.73, 95% CI [0.88, 3.39], P = 0.113; RR 1.98, 95% CI [0.80, 4.92], P = 0.141; RR 1.06, 95% CI [0.46, 2.41], P = 0.895, respectively) were observed in the TAs group than in the control group, although the differences were not significant. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that hetrombopag was the only TA with no increased thrombotic risk (rate 0.3% 95% CI [0.0 − 1.5%]; RR 0.76, 95% CI [0.03, 18.41], P = 0.864) compared to eltrombopag, avatrombopag, romiplostim, and rhTPO. Subgroup analyses also revealed that ITP patients with advanced age (3.7% vs. 1.3%, P = 0.132) or with a thrombotic history (3.0% vs. 1.4%, P = 0.257), and patients who received TAs therapy for a long duration (4.7% vs. 0.1%, P

Leontopodium leontopodioides (Willd.) Beauv. (L. leontopodioides.) has been used to treat lung diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, a systematic analysis of its chemical components has not been reported so far. In this study, UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS and GC-MS were applied to investigate the chemical composition of the water extracts and essential oils of L. leontopodioides. UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS adopts a heating electrospray ionization source, collecting primary and secondary mass spectrometry data in positive and negative ions, respectively, and uses Compound Discoverer 3.2 software to analyze the collected raw data. As a result, a total of 39 compounds were identified from their high-resolution mass spectra in both positive and negative ionization modes, including 13 flavonoids and their glycosides, 15 phenolic acids, 4 oligosaccharides and glycosides, 4 pentacyclic triterpenoids, and 3 other compounds. Among them, 18 chemical components have not been reported in L. leontopodioides. In the GC-MS section, two common organic solvents (n-hexane and diethyl ether) were used to extract essential oils, and the mass spectra were recorded at 70 eV (electron impact) and scanned in the range of 35∼450 m/z. Compounds were identified using NIST (version 2017), and the peak area normalization method was used to calculate their relative amounts. Finally, 17 components were identified in the volatile oil extracted with n-hexane, accounting for 80.38% of the total volatile oil, including monoterpenoids, phenylpropene, fatty acids, and aliphatic hydrocarbons. In the volatile oil extracted with diethyl ether, 16 components were identified, accounting for 73.50% of the total volatile oil, including phenylpropene, aliphatic hydrocarbons, monoterpenoids, fatty acids, and esters. This study was the first to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition of the L. leontopodioides water extract and its essential oil, and a comprehensive chemical composition spectrum was constructed, to lay a foundation for its further pharmacodynamic material basis and quality evaluation.

Radix Scrophulariae is a commonly used Chinese herb derived from the dried root of Scrophularia ningpoesis Hemsl. (S. ningpoensis). It is difficult to accurately estimate the dosage of Chinese medicinal materials used in the prescription because of the chemical variation caused by various factors. To analyze the non-environmental factors affecting the chemical variation of Radix Scrophulariae, we planted nine different cultivated varieties of S. ningpoensis in the same plantation. Based on sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, we found that the materials from the cultivated varieties could be divided into two groups, the Zhejiang group, and the southwest China group. The genetic distance based on molecular data between the two groups was above 0.3882, and the Euclidean distance based on chemical data between the two groups was above 5.312. The correlation analysis between the genetic distance matrix based on SRAP and the Euclidean distance matrix based on 18 HPLC peaks of the whole underground part revealed that the genetic differentiation and chemical variation were positively related, r = 0.7196 (p

Efficiently solving the user equilibrium traffic assignment problem with elastic demand (UE-TAPED) for transportation networks is a critical problem for transportation studies. Most existing UE-TAPED algorithms are designed using a sequential computing scheme, which cannot take advantage of advanced parallel computing power. Therefore, this study focuses on model decomposition and parallelization, proposing an origin-based formulation for UE-TAPED and proving an equivalent reformulation of the original problem. Furthermore, the alternative direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is employed to decompose the original problem into independent link-based subproblems, which can solve large-scale problems with small storage space. In addition, to enhance the efficiency of our algorithm, the parallel computing technology with optimal parallel computing schedule is implemented to solve the link-based subproblems. Numerical experiments are performed to validate the computation efficiency of the proposed parallel algorithm.

Luminescent thermal quenching is a very troublesome thing for the practical application of luminescent materials, but also is a very common phenomenon. In theory, artificially reducing the number of quenching group around the luminescent lanthanide ion can effectively enhance the luminescence of lanthanide luminescent materials. In this paper, {[Eu2(NBA)6(H2O)4]∙H2O}n [Eu-NBA, NBA = p-nitrobenzoic acid] coordination polymers containing abundant coordination and interstitial water molecules were synthesized via hydrothermal methods. The chemical composition, crystal structures, and thermal stability of Eu-NBA coordination polymers were systemically investigated by Frontier-transfer infrared (FTIR) spectra, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis results revealed that Eu-NBA coordination polymers were crystallized into one-dimensional (1D) chain structures, where the adjacent Eu3+ ions were linked together by bidentate and/or tetradentate bridging carboxylate groups of the NBA ligands. The temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra revealed that the shape and intensity of the luminescence spectra strongly depended on the coordination environment around Eu3+, and significant luminescent thermal enhancement was observed. These experimental results provided useful theoretical support for further understanding of the luminescence enhancement mechanism of lanthanide coordination polymers.

Abstract Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) testing has been approved by FDA for selecting epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients who may benefit from the first-line poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) maintenance therapy. However, the effects of HRD on the clinical outcomes of first-line chemotherapy and first-line PARPi maintenance therapy have not been rigorously evaluated in Chinese EOC patients. Here, we developed an HRD assay and applied it to two large retrospectively collected Chinese EOC patient cohorts. In the first-line adjuvant chemotherapy cohort (FACT, N = 380), HRD status significantly improved PFS (median, 15.6 months vs. 9.4 months; HR, 0.688; 95% CI, 0.526–0.899; P = 0.003) and OS (median, 89.5 months vs. 60.9 months; HR, 0.636; 95% CI, 0.423–0.955; P = 0.008). In the first-line PARPi maintenance therapy cohort (FPMT, N = 83), HRD status significantly improved PFS (median, NA vs. 12 months; HR, 0.438; 95% CI, 0.201–0.957; P = 0.033) and OS (median, NA vs. NA months; HR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.029–0.505; P = 0.001). Our results demonstrate that HRD status is a significant predictor for PFS and OS in both first-line chemotherapy and first-line PARPi maintenance therapy, providing strong real-world evidence for conducting genetic testing and improving clinical recommendations for Chinese EOC patients.

Abstract Recently, low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained renewed interest to promote MRI accessibility and affordability worldwide. The presented M4Raw dataset aims to facilitate methodology development and reproducible research in this field. The dataset comprises multi-channel brain k-space data collected from 183 healthy volunteers using a 0.3 Tesla whole-body MRI system, and includes T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images with in-plane resolution of ~1.2 mm and through-plane resolution of 5 mm. Importantly, each contrast contains multiple repetitions, which can be used individually or to form multi-repetition averaged images. After excluding motion-corrupted data, the partitioned training and validation subsets contain 1024 and 240 volumes, respectively. To demonstrate the potential utility of this dataset, we trained deep learning models for image denoising and parallel imaging tasks and compared their performance with traditional reconstruction methods. This M4Raw dataset will be valuable for the development of advanced data-driven methods specifically for low-field MRI. It can also serve as a benchmark dataset for general MRI reconstruction algorithms.

Abstract Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of cancer. However, the clinical implications and regulatory networks of circRNAs in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint blockades (ICB) have not been fully elucidated. Here, we characterize circRNA expression profiles in two independent cohorts of 157 ICB-treated advanced melanoma patients and reveal overall overexpression of circRNAs in ICB non-responders in both pre-treatment and early during therapy. Then, we construct circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks to reveal circRNA-related signaling pathways in the context of ICB treatment. Further, we construct an ICB-related circRNA signature (ICBcircSig) score model based on progression-free survival-related circRNAs to predict immunotherapy efficacy. Mechanistically, the overexpression of ICBcircSig circTMTC3 and circFAM117B could increase PD-L1 expression via the miR-142-5p/PD-L1 axis, thus reducing T cell activity and leading to immune escape. Overall, our study characterizes circRNA profiles and regulatory networks in ICB-treated patients, and highlights the clinical utility of circRNAs as predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy.

Aiming at the failure of the combination of highly conflicting evidence, the combination of the relationship between evidences and the characteristics of evidence itself was considered, and a method of conflicting evidence combination based on clustering weighting was proposed.Firstly, the similarity coefficient was constructed to cluster the evidence, and the inter-class weight was determined by class capacity to reflect the differences among classes.Then the information entropy was used to obtain the intra-class weight of each evidence.The modified weight of the evidence was obtained by combining the inter-class weight and intra-class weight.Finally, the conflict evidence was modified according to the weight, and the combination rule of evidence theory was used to achieve the final synthesis of the modified evidence.The results of the example show that the proposed method can reasonably carry out evidence correction, and the combined results have better focusing effect than other methods.

Nucleate pool boiling process is widely used in heat exchangers because of its excellent heat transfer performance. With the gradual increase of applications, more and more equipments work in a non-static state, but there is little research under rolling conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the influence of rolling motion on the nucleate pool boiling process. In this study, a numerical investigation of the nucleate pool boiling process under static and rolling conditions is performed based on the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method. Physical fields and phase distribution under static state and rolling motion are compared to investigate the effect of rolling motion on the nucleate pool boiling process. The results show that rolling motion greatly influences the bubble behavior and void fraction owing to the differences between flow fields. The void fraction decreased by 11.84%, 48.82%, and 56.87% as the maximum rolling angle increased from 15° to 45°, and by 11.84%, 22.27%, and 21.81% as the rolling period increased from 1 s to 3 s. The void fraction decreased by 11.84%, 48.82%, and 56.87% as the maximum rolling angle increased from 15° to 45°. The heat transfer coefficients of different cases are compared, and it is found that the effects of rolling motion on heat transfer coefficients can be ignored.

Single cell transcriptomic sequencing (scRNA) can identify genes that are differentially expressed in cell populations in specific diseases. Here the authors perform scRNA sequencing in a high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) cohort and show transcriptional differences in monocyte populations.

A circularly polarized wearable antenna operating in the 2.45/5.8 GHz ISM dual bands is proposed, which consists of a coplanar waveguide-fed rectangular monopole antenna and two parasitic branches. The monopole rectangular radiation patch can generate 2.45 and 7 GHz frequency bands and has linear polarization characteristics. By adding L-shaped parasitic branches and L-like grounded branches on both sides of the monopole, the 7 GHz operating frequency band can be moved to the 5.8 GHz frequency band, and circular polarization characteristics can be achieved in both the 2.45 and 5.8 GHz frequency bands. The size of the antenna is 48.7 mm × 42.1 mm × 1.016 mm. The simulated −10 dB impedance bandwidths of the antenna are 1.8–2.66 GHz and 5.48–6.98 GHz, respectively. The 3 dB axial ratio bandwidths are 2.34–2.67 GHz and 5.58–6.39 GHz, respectively, and it has dual-band circular polarization characteristics. In addition, the radiation characteristics of the antenna and its safety performance near the human body were analyzed. The antenna prototype has been constructed, and the measurement and simulation results have good consistency. The proposed antenna is suitable for application in wearable devices.

The visual perception of landscape spaces between residences in cold regions is important for public health. To compensate for the existing research ignoring the cold snow season’s influence, this study selected two types of outdoor landscape space environments in non-snow and snow seasons as research objects. An eye tracker combined with a semantic differential (SD) questionnaire was used to verify the feasibility of the application of virtual reality technology, screen out the gaze characteristics in the landscape space, and reveal the design factors related to landscape visual perception. In the snow season, the spatial aspect ratio (SAR), building elevation saturation (BS), and grass proportion in the field of view (GP) showed strong correlations with the landscape visual perception scores (W). In the non-snow season, in addition to the above three factors, the roof height difference (RHD), tall-tree height (TTH), and hue contrast (HC) also markedly influenced W. The effects of factors on W were revealed in immersive virtual environment (IVE) orthogonal experiments, and the genetic algorithm (GA) and k-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN) were combined to optimize the environmental factors. The optimized threshold ranges in the non-snow season environment were SAR: 1.82–2.15, RHD: 10.81–20.09 m, BS: 48.53–61.01, TTH: 14.18–18.29 m, GP: 0.12–0.15, and HC: 18.64–26.83. In the snow season environment, the optimized threshold ranges were SAR: 2.22–2.54, BS: 68.47–82.34, and GP: 0.1–0.14.

Tumor cell stemness stands out as a pivotal factor driving tumor recurrence or metastasis and significantly contributes to the mortality of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent research has unveiled a link between immune-active cells and the induction of tumor cell stemness, ultimately leading to heightened resistance to treatment. In this study, stemness in CRC cell lines was assessed after co-culture with natural killer (NK) cells, both with and without sulfarotene administration. Furthermore, a CRC xenograft model was utilized to scrutinize the in vivo efficacy of sulfarotene in overcoming stemness induced by NK cell activation. As a result, CRC cells exhibited significant stemness after NK cell co-culture, as evidenced by the upregulation of several stemness markers associated with cancer stem cells. Moreover, these cells demonstrated remarkable resistance to commonly used chemotherapy agents for CRC, such as oxaliplatin and irinotecan. Importantly, sulfarotene effectively reversed the altered stemness of CRC cells in both in vitro and in vivo assays. In conclusion, sulfarotene emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for overcoming colorectal cancer resistance to NK cells by effectively inhibiting stemness remodeling. This study underscores the potential of sulfarotene in augmenting NK-cell-mediated immune surveillance, proposing a novel immunotherapeutic approach against colorectal cancer.

Due to global warming, the overheating risk of residential buildings (especially with no air conditioning) in severe cold and cold regions of China is attracting increasing attention. This phenomenon will seriously affect people’s comfort and even health. Fewer studies and Chinese local building standards, however, are related to overheating in such region, which were not considered overheating in the past. It is not clear whether integrating phase change materials (PCM), which has been considered as a useful method to improve thermal comfort, into building envelopes can effectively alleviate the overheating phenomenon in the severe cold and cold regions. This paper aims to reveal the overheating risk by monitoring four residential buildings, and to verify the effectiveness of using PCM to alleviate the overheating in these regions through simulation. The results indicate a significant overheating risk. During the summertime (May to September), overheating hours were recorded for 395, 618, 857 and 713 h out of total 3672 h (accounted for 25.82%, 40.39%, 56.01% and 46.60%) in the south-facing bedrooms of Yichun, Harbin, Shenyang and Dalian respectively. The study finds that PCM reduces overheating hours in south-facing bedrooms in Yichun, Harbin, Shenyang and Dalian by 19.66%, 17.95%, 15.88% and 10.87%, and saves cooling energy by 25.67%, 15.36%, 14.61%, 15.34% respectively. This paper proposes a standard for evaluation and practical guidance for policy makers on reducing indoor overheating in severe cold and cold regions of China.

Objectives While many studies have presented excellent short‐term outcomes of the metaphyseal sleeves used in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA), currently published mid‐term results remain limited and some controversial issues remain unresolved. The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical and radiographic mid‐term outcomes of the sleeves for the management of metaphyseal bone defects in revision TKAs. Methods From 2015 to 2019, 44 patients (45 knees) who were operated with cementless porous‐coated metaphyseal sleeve in revision TKA were included in this study. Bone defects were assessed according to Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute Classification. On the tibial side, there were 37 type II and six type III, and with regards to the femur, 15 were type II, and four were type III. Through reviewing electronic records, data were collected, including baseline demographics, operative details, information of prothesis, and complications. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed, including Knee Society Scores (KSS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), range of motion (ROM), the radiolucent line, level of joint line, and implant survival rate. Statistical analysis was performed by paired t‐test for clinical and radiographic indexes. Results The mean follow‐up time was 4.4 ± 1.4 years. During surgery, sleeve‐related fractures were encountered in four (8.9%) knees, including incomplete tibial fracture of lateral cortex in one knee and of medial cortex in two knees, and longitudinal femoral metaphyseal fracture in one knee. Unions were achieved in all cases at the final follow‐up. Significant improvements in KSS and WOMAC scores were found at the final follow‐up, respectively, from 83.8 ± 29.1 to 152.9 ± 31.0 (t = −12.146, p

Our present study investigated the effect of eugenol addition on the characteristics of spinning solution and the physiochemical properties and antibacterial activity of nanofiber absorbent pads. The results showed that the apparent viscosity of the spinning solution decreased with eugenol addition, and the “vesicle” structure in the nanofiber increased. The elongation at break of the absorbent pad decreased with eugenol addition. The tensile strength of the absorbent pad with 15% eugenol was the largest, but the tensile strength showed a significant downward trend with increasing eugenol content above 15%. As the content of eugenol increased, the swelling ratio and water vapor transmission rate of the absorbent pad decreased. The scavenging capacity of the pad with 20% eugenol against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation were the strongest with percentage scavenging of 83% and 78%, respectively. Moreover, the nanofiber absorbent pad had a good inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In summary, the antibacterial absorbent pad can effectively absorb meat exudate, slow down the oxidation rate of meat and inhibit the reproduction of microorganisms.

Designing efficient photonic neuromorphic systems remains a challenge. Here, the authors develop an in-sensor Reservoir Computing system for multi-tasked pattern classification based on a light-responsive semiconducting polymer (p-NDI) with efficient exciton dissociations, charge trapping capability, and through-space charge-transport characteristics.

Abstract Background Population aging has led to depression becoming a serious public health problem both in China and worldwide. Marital relationships, relationships with their children, and air pollution might play an important role in the process of depressive disorders. In this study, we aimed to reveal the mechanism of the effects of these factors on depression. Methods Participants were recruited from The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) (wave 4) from July 2018 to March 2019. Depression symptoms were evaluated using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale (CESD-10). Marital relationships, relationships with their children, air quality satisfaction, and perceived health status were analyzed using Likert 5-point evaluation methods. Structural equation modeling-path (SEM) models were used to explore these variables’ mediation effects on depression symptoms. Results Marital relationships, relationships with their children, air quality satisfaction, perceived health status, and depression symptoms were significantly associated with each other (P