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To expand the application field of PVC and make PVC resin high-performance, much research has been done on the toughening modification of PVC at home and abroad. ACR tougheners with different core-shell ratios were prepared by core-shell emulsion polymerization, which was used to blend PVC resin. In the experiment, the tensile and impact properties of PVC/ACR blends were tested and the fracture morphology was observed. The impact properties of PVC blends with toughened particles with different core-shell ratios were investigated and compared with the commercial ACR-401 toughener. The best combination of toughening effect was obtained: when the PVC/ACR blend ratio was 100:3.5, the tensile strength of PVC toughened by ACR7030 core-shell particles was 22.78MPa, and the impact strength was 8.67 kJ/m, which was superior to the commercial ACR-401 toughener. Therefore, ACR7030 can significantly enhance the mechanical properties of PVC, and the toughened PVC shows ductile fracture.

A systematically chemical investigation of Citrus changshan-huyou Y.B. Chang resulted in the isolation and structure determination of twelve known natural products, including limonoid ( 1 ), nootkatone ( 2 ), scoparone ( 3 ), β-sitosterol ( 4 ), 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone ( 5 ), nobiletin ( 6 ), tangeretin ( 7 ), naringin ( 8 ), hesperidin ( 9 ), neohesperidin ( 10 ), 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl β-D-glucoside ( 11 ), β-sitosterol-D-glucoside ( 12 ). The structure modification of the most abundant compound limonin ( 1 ) further led to eight limonoid derivatives, including epi -limonol ( 1a ), epi -limonyl acetate ( 1b ), and six new compounds epi -limonol A ( 1c ), limonol A ( 1d ), limonol B ( 1e ), epi -limonol B ( 1f ), epi -limonol C ( 1g ), epi -limonol D ( 1h ), which enlarged the chemical diversity of limonin related limonoids. The structures of the new limonoid derivatives were identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis. In bioassay, all the isolates, the semi-synthetic derivatives and the previously isolated limonoids ( 13 - 20 ) in our natural product library were subjected for anti-inflammatory activities evaluation, and several limonoids exhibited the inhibition of TNF-α release.

Background This study will investigate the effect of shikonin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human ovarian cancer cell SKOV3 (HOCC-SKOV3). Methods We will retrieve potential studies from inception to the March 1, 2020 in Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, WANGFANG, and China National Knowledge In-frastructure. There are not restrictions related to the language and publication status. This study will include case-controlled studies (CCSs) or randomized controlled studies (RCSs) that examine the effect of shikonin on the proliferation and apoptosis of HOCC-SKOV3. Two researchers will independently identify literatures, extract data, and appraise study quality. Any disagreements will be resolved by discussion with another researcher. RevMan 5.3 software will be placed to perform statistical analysis. Results This study will summarize the present evidence to test the effect of shikonin on the proliferation and apoptosis of HOCC-SKOV3. Conclusion It will provide evidence to investigate the effect of shikonin on the proliferation and apoptosis of HOCC-SKOV3, and will supply reference for further study.Systematic review registration: INPLASY202040146.

A chiral ionic liquid (CIL) moiety of a l-pyrrolidin-2-ylimidazole-decorated homochiral UiO-68-type metal–organic framework, UiO-68-CIL (1), was successfully prepared by the combination of a new premodified chiral CIL ligand (H2L-CIL) and ZrCl4 via a solvothermal method. The TiO2-loaded TiO2@UiO-68-CIL (2) was prepared by impregnating 1 in a toluene solution of Ti(OPri)4 and sequential in situ hydrolysis. The obtained 2 can be a bifunctional asymmetric heterogeneous catalyst to successfully promote the one-pot Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction starting from aromatic alcohols in a tandem way.

A CuI-loaded and n-pentadecyl-attached imidazolium salt decorated UiO-67-type metal–organic framework (CuI@UiO-67-IM, 2) based on a new premodified ligand L (n-pentadecyl-attached imidazolium (IM) decorated dicarboxylic acid) and ZrCl4 is reported. Compound 2 can be a bifunctional composite heterogeneous phase-transfer catalyst to promote the azide–alkyne cycloaddition (H2O, air, 80 °C) from corresponding halogenated compounds and sodium azide as a sequential one-pot procedure with high yields and excellent regioselectivity.

Objective To explore the protective effect of trimetazidine on the myocardial tissue of rats by observing the oxidative stress, apoptosis and energy metabolism in myocardial tissue of rats after exhausted exercise. Methods Thirty healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups (10 each): quiet control group (C), exhausted exercise group (E) and exhausted exercise plus trimetazidine group (TE). Exhausted exercise model was established by forcing the rats swim ceaselessly, rats in group TE received hydrochloric acid trimetazidine (10mg/kg) for intervention. The myocardial tissue of rats was collected after the last exhausted exercise. The myocardial tissue of rats was evaluated by HE staining. The concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in rats' myocardial cell mitochondria were detected by spectrophotometry. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to quantify the mRNA and protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in myocardial tissue of rats. Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl Transferase Mediated Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) assay was employed to detect the apoptotic rate of myocardial tissue. Results Compared with group C, the SOD and GSH-Px activities in groups E and TE were reduced (P

A chiral ionic liquid (CIL) moiety of a l-pyrrolidin-2-ylimidazole-decorated homochiral UiO-68-type metal-organic framework, UiO-68-CIL (1), was successfully prepared by the combination of a new premodified chiral CIL ligand (H

Two copper-loaded MOF materials, namely Cu(II)@Ui-O-66-NH2 (1) and Cu(0)@UiO-66-NH2 (2), are reported. They can, respectively, serve as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for olefin oxidation and hydrogenation under mild conditions. Complete styrene hydrogenation occurs in 15 min at ambient temperature with quantitative yield.

We aimed to characterize postpartum disease flares among treatment-naive mothers with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). CHB mothers were enrolled and compared with non-infected mothers in terms of postpartum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) abnormalities. Demographic, virological, and biochemical parameters were collected up to postpartum week 16, with flares and exacerbations defined as ALT levels 5–10 and >10 times the upper limit of normal, respectively. Outcome assessments included ALT flares or exacerbation and their predictive parameters. Among 4236 patients enrolled, 869 and 3367 had no infection (group A) and had CHB (group B), respectively. Infected mothers were further stratified into two subgroups by the presence (B1, n = 1928) or absence (B2, n = 1439) of detectable serum levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (lowest level of quantitation, 100 IU/mL). A significantly higher frequency of abnormal ALT levels was observed in group B vs. group A (28.27 vs. 20.37%, p

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most leading causes of deaths in the Chinese women. The objective of this protocol is to perform a full-scale systematic review on the efficacy of weekly cisplatin (WC) for the treatment of patients with OC. Methods: Data sources will comprise of PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Opengrey, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. All relevant randomized controlled trials from searched databases will be identified from their inception to the present. A defined search strategy will be implemented along with eligibility criteria. Relevant data will be extracted according to the predefined data collection form. Methodologic quality will be assessed by using Cochrane risk of bias tool; and data pooled and meta-analysis will be conducted by using fixed-effects, or random-effects model with RevMan 5.3 software. Results: This proposed systematic review will evaluate the efficacy of WC for patients with OC. Conclusion: The findings of this study may summarize the latest evidence for the WC on OC. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required for this study, because it will be based on published studies, and existing sources of literature. The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO registration number: PROSPERO CRD42018120938.

Two copper-loaded MOF materials, namely Cu(ii)@Ui-O-66-NH

A robust and porous Cd(II)-MOF based on a bent imidazole-bridged ligand was synthesized and post-synthetically functionalized with linear alkyl chains to afford imidazolium salt (IM)-type triphase transfer catalysts for organic transformations. The imidazolium salt decorated Cd(II)-MOF-IM exhibits typical solid phase transfer catalytic behavior for the azidation and thiolation of bromoalkane between aqueous/organic phases. Moreover, they can be easily recovered and reused under the PTC conditions. Cd(II)-MOF-IM herein created a versatile family of solid phase transfer catalysts for promoting a broad scope of reactions carried out in a biphasic mixture of two immiscible solvents.

The palea and lemma are unique organs in grass plants that form a protective barrier around the floral organs and developing kernel. The interlocking of the palea and lemma is critical for maintaining fertility and seed yield in rice; however, the molecules that control the interlocking structure remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that when OsCR4 mRNA expression was knocked down in rice by RNA interference, the palea and lemma separated at later spikelet stages and gradually turned brown after heading, resulting in the severe interruption of pistil pollination and damage to the development of embryo and endosperm, with defects in aleurone. The irregular architecture of the palea and lemma was caused by tumour-like cell growth in the outer epidermis and wart-like cell masses in the inner epidermis. These abnormal cells showed discontinuous cuticles and uneven cell walls, leading to organ self-fusion that distorted the interlocking structures. Additionally, the faster leakage of chlorophyll, reduced silica content and elevated accumulation of anthocyanin in the palea and lemma indicated a lesion in the protective barrier, which also impaired seed quality. OsCR4 is an active receptor-like kinase associated with the membrane fraction. An analysis of promoter::GUS reporter plants showed that OsCR4 is specifically expressed in the epidermal cells of paleas and lemmas. Together, these results suggest that OsCR4 plays an essential role in maintaining the interlocking of the palea and lemma by promoting epidermal cell differentiation.

In this study, we discussed the consistency and correlation of HBV serological indexes between neonates' venous blood and cord blood whose mothers had chronical HBV infection, as well as the correlation of thoses indexes with the mothers'.Chronically HBV infected mothers who were postive of both HBsAg and HBeAg and also had a HBV DNA virus load above 10(5) copies/ ml and their infants were enrolled. The mothers' venous blood were collected before delivery. The neonates' cord blood were collected at birth after removal of contaminants and disinfected with alcohol on the cord's surface, and the venous blood were collected before hepatitis B virus immune globin(HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine were given. The levels of HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg and anti-HBeAg were tested with Abbott microparticle chemiluminescence method (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Architac i2000). HBV DNA quantification were tested by COBAS TagMan real-time PCR Assay.383 mothers and their infants were enrolled. The positive rates of HBsAg in cord blood and venous blood were 61.2% and 63.9%. The positive rates of HBeAg level in cord blood and venous blood were 83.2% and 83.5%. The positive rates of HBV DNA level in cord blood and venous blood were 56.0% and 59.4%. The state of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA in cord blood and venous blood were consistency, and significant correlation was observed in their levels with correlation coefficients of 0.766, 0.857, and 0.692, respectively (P0.000). Significant correlation of the HBeAg levels were observed between mothers' venous blood and neonates' venous blood, as well as neonates' cord blood with correlation coefficients of 0.362 and 0.352 (P0.000). However, there was no significant correlation of HBsAg levels between them (r = 0.023, P = 0.785; r = 0.04, P = 0.604).The HBV serological index of neonate's cord blood could reflect the HBV serological indexes in venous blood because of the good correlation and consistency between them.

The aim of this study was to explore the frequency of mDC and pDC and expression of surface markers of the neonates and to discuss the effect of different status of HBV infection of mother on biological characteristics of DC.Umbilicus cord blood in neonates of HBeAg positive HBV infected mother, HBeAg negative HBV infected mother, and normal mother were collected respectively; peripheral blood of healthy adults were selected as control group. Flow cytometry was employed to detect frequency of the mDC and its expression of CD86, frequency of pDC and its expression of CD80, CD83, CD86, and FlowJo software was used to compare these indicators among the groups.Compared with control group, the frequency of mDC of cord blood (0.29 +/- 0.16 vs 0.81 +/- 0.17), CD86 positive rate of mDC (10.72 +/- 10.01 vs 32.13 +/- 7.46), the frequency of pDC (0.15 +/- 0.07 vs 0.30 +/- 0.07), and CD86/CD83 positive rate of pDC (31.61 +/- 12.81 vs 74.96 +/- 9.78; 42.66 +/- 20.83 vs 82.00 +/- 6.94) were lower (t = -7.86, P = 0.00; t = -5.36, P = 0.00; t = -5.43, P = 0.00; t = -8.49. P = 0.00; t = -4.90, P = 0.00).The frequency of mDC and pDC in umbilical cord blood was lower than the peripheral blood of healthy adult, which was the possible mechanism of newborns easier to chronicity after the infection of hepatitis B virus. A significant correlation was found between different status of HBV infection and costimulatory molecule CD86 positive rate of mDC, but not for the frequency of mDC and pDC, and the expression of pDC molecules.

The Wnt signaling pathway plays an essential role in tumor invasion and migration. DKK1 functions as an important inhibitor of the pathway and represents a promising target for cancer therapy. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of DKK1 in endometrial carcinoma (EC) cell invasion and migration using RNA interference (RNAi) technology. Ishikawa EC cells were transfected at high efficiency with specific DKK1 siRNA. RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to determine the mRNA and protein levels of DKK1, β-catenin and metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) in siRNA-treated and -untreated cells. In addition, the invasion and migration of the EC cells were detected by invasion and migration assays. Transient transfection of DKK1 siRNA significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein levels of DKK1. Markedly increased cell invasion and migration was observed following treatment with DKK1 siRNA when compared with the negative control siRNA-treated and siRNA-untreated cells. The knockdown of DKK1 also elevated the mRNA and protein levels of β-catenin and MMP14 involved in the Wnt signaling pathway, indicating that targeting this gene may promote intracellular Wnt signal transduction and thus, accelerate EC cell invasion and migration in vitro. The RNAi-mediated targeting of DKK1 gene expression in Ishikawa EC cells resulted in increased tumor cell invasion and migration. DKK1 was identified as an inhibitor of EC cell invasion and migration via its novel role in the Wnt signaling pathway. Targeting DKK1 may therefore represent an effective anti-invasion and -migration strategy for the treatment of EC.

In this study, we discuss the predictive value of different content of HBsAg in different stages of neotal venous blood on failure of blocking mother to infant transmission of HBV.150 infants born of chronically HBV infected mothers who were positive of both HBsAg and HBeAg and who also had a HBV DNA virus load above 10(5) copies/ml were enrolled. These infants were given hepatitis B virus immune globin (HBIG) 200 IU immediately after birth and were given hepatitis B vaccine 10 or 20 microg at brith, 1 month and 6 months after birth. HBV serological index of these infants were test at birth, 1 month and 7 months after birth respectively. Different content of HBsAg in different stages of neonatal venus blood were analyzed to predict the failure of blocking mother to infant transmission of HBV.11 infants failed in blocking of HBV mother to infant transmission. The positive rate of HBsAg at birth, 1 month and 7 months after birth were 41.26%, 10.49% and 7.69% respectively, and were 97.90%, 65.73% and 13.29% of HBeAg. The positive predictive value of HBsAgor = 0.05 and HBsAgor = 1 IU/ml at birth were 18.64% and 70% respectively, and were 73.33% and 100% one month after birth.Infants with HBsAgor = 1 IU/ml at birth should be suspicious of failure on blocking HBV mother-to-infant transmission and it should be more credible if the infant has HBsAgor = 1 IU/ml one month after birth. How to improve the blocking rate of neonates who were positive of HBsAg at birth and one month after birth should be the focus of our future research.

The palea and lemma are unique organs in grass plants that form a protective barrier around the floral organs and developing kernel. The interlocking of the palea and lemma is critical for maintaining fertility and seed yield in rice; however, the molecules that control the interlocking structure remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that when OsCR4 mRNA expression was knocked down in rice by RNA interference, the palea and lemma separated at later spikelet stages and gradually turned brown after heading, resulting in the severe interruption of pistil pollination and damage to the development of embryo and endosperm, with defects in aleurone. The irregular architecture of the palea and lemma was caused by tumour-like cell growth in the outer epidermis and wart-like cell masses in the inner epidermis. These abnormal cells showed discontinuous cuticles and uneven cell walls, leading to organ self-fusion that distorted the interlocking structures. Additionally, the faster leakage of chlorophyll, reduced silica content and elevated accumulation of anthocyanin in the palea and lemma indicated a lesion in the protective barrier, which also impaired seed quality. OsCR4 is an active receptor-like kinase associated with the membrane fraction. An analysis of promoter::GUS reporter plants showed that OsCR4 is specifically expressed in the epidermal cells of paleas and lemmas. Together, these results suggest that OsCR4 plays an essential role in maintaining the interlocking of the palea and lemma by promoting epidermal cell differentiation.

Curcumin, a natural plant extract from Curcuma longa, is known for its anti-carcinogenic and chemopreventive effects on a variety of experimental cancer models. In this study, we evaluated the effects of curcumin and elucidated its mechanism in human colorectal carcinoma cells. Cell viability assay showed that curcumin significantly inhibited the growth of LoVo cells. Curcumin treatment induced the apoptosis accompanied by ultra-structural changes and release of lactate dehydrogenase in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, treatment with 0-30 µg/mL curcumin decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and activated the caspase-3 and caspase-9 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Nuclear and annexin V/PI staining showed that curcumin induced the apoptosis of LoVo cells. FACS analysis revealed that curcumin could induce the cell cycle arrest of LoVo cells at the S phase. Furthermore, western blotting analysis indicated that curcumin induced the release of cytochrome c, a significant increase of Bax and p53 and a marked reduction of Bcl-2 and survivin in LoVo cells. Taken together, our results suggested that curcumin inhibited the growth of LoVo cells by inducing apoptosis through a mitochondria-mediated pathway.

AIM: To explore a simple method to create intestinal autotransplantation in rats and growing pigs and to investigate the effect of L-arginine supplementation on serum nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and intestinal mucosal NOS and Na+-K+-ATPase activity during cold ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in growing pigs. METHODS: In adult Wistar rat models of small bowel autotransplantation, a fine tube was inserted into mesenteric artery via the abdominal aorta. The superior mesenteric artery and vein were occluded. Isolated terminal ileum segment was irrigated with Ringer’s solution at 4 °C and preserved in the same solution at 0-4 °C for 60 min. Then, the tube was removed and reperfusion was established. In growing pig models, a terminal ileum segment, 50 cm in length, was isolated and its mesenteric artery was irrigated via a needle with lactated Ringer’s solution at 4 °C. The method and period of cold preservation and reperfusion were described above. Ten white outbred pigs were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. L-arginine (150 mg/kg) was continuously infused for 15 min before reperfusion and for 30 min after reperfusion in the experimental group. One, 24, 48, and 72 h after reperfusion, peripheral vein blood was respectively collected for NO and NOS determination. At the same time point, intestinal mucosae were also obtained for NOS and Na+-K+-ATPase activity measurement. RESULTS: In adult rat models, 16 of 20 rats sustained the procedure, three died of hemorrhage shock and one of deep anesthesia. In growing pig models, the viability of small bowel graft remained for 72 h after cold IR in eight of 10 pigs. In experimental group, serum NO level at 1 and 24 h after reperfusion increased significantly when compared with control group at the same time point (152.2±61.4 μmol/L vs 60.8±31.6 μmol/L, t = 2.802, P = 0.02

To develop a fuzzy classification method to score the texture features of pancreatic cancer in endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) images and evaluate its utility in making prognosis judgments for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer treated by EUS-guided interstitial brachytherapy.EUS images from our retrospective database were analyzed. The regions of interest were drawn, and texture features were extracted, selected, and scored with a fuzzy classification method using a C++ program. Then, patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer were enrolled to receive EUS-guided iodine 125 radioactive seed implantation. Their fuzzy classification scores, tumor volumes, and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) levels before and after the brachytherapy were recorded. The association between the changes in these parameters and overall survival was analyzed statistically.EUS images of 153 patients with pancreatic cancer and 63 non-cancer patients were analyzed. A total of 25 consecutive patients were enrolled, and they tolerated the brachytherapy well without any complications. There was a correlation between the change in the fuzzy classification score and overall survival (Spearman test, r = 0.616, P = 0.001), whereas no correlation was found to be significant between the change in tumor volume (P = 0.663), CA199 level (P = 0.659), and overall survival. There were 15 patients with a decrease in their fuzzy classification score after brachytherapy, whereas the fuzzy classification score increased in another 10 patients. There was a significant difference in overall survival between the two groups (67 d vs 151 d, P = 0.001), but not in the change of tumor volume and CA199 level.Using the fuzzy classification method to analyze EUS images of pancreatic cancer is feasible, and the method can be used to make prognosis judgments for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer treated by interstitial brachytherapy.