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Breast cancer is a significant threat to life and health, which needs more safe and effective drugs to be explored. Teadenol B is a characteristic chemical component of microbial fermented tea. This study discovered that teadenol B could exhibit obvious inhibitory effects on all four different clinical subtype characteristics of breast cancer cells. Proteomic studies show that deoxycytidine triphosphate deaminase (DCTD), which could block DNA synthesis and repair DNA damage, had the most significant and consistent reduction in all four types of breast cancer cells with the treatment of teadenol B. Considering MDA-MB-231 cells exhibit poor clinical prognosis and displayed substantial statistical differences in KEGG pathway enrichment analysis results, we investigated its impact on the size and growth of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast tumors transplanted into nude mice and demonstrated that teadenol B significantly suppressed tumor growth without affecting body weight significantly. Finally, we found that the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II in MDA-MB-231 increased significantly with teadenol B treatment. This proved that teadenol B could be a strong autophagy promotor, which explained the down-regulation of DCTD to some extent and may be the potential mechanism underlying teadenol B’s anti-breast cancer effects. This finding provides new evidence for drinking fermented tea to prevent breast cancer and highlights the potential of teadenol B as a novel therapeutic option for breast cancer prevention and treatment, necessitating further investigations to clarify its exact target and the details involved.

AIM: To compare the ciliary body thickness between eyes with primary angle closure (PAC) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) with the normal eyes, and to investigate the association between ciliary body thickness and ciliary processes situation. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 57 patients with PAC/PACG were matched to 57 normal subjects after propensity score matching (PSM) adjusting for age and gender. All subjects underwent conventional ocular examinations and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) examination, among which the patients with PAC/PACG performed the examinations one month after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). Quantitative parameters were measured, which included ciliary body thickness at the position of 1 mm posterior to the scleral spur (CBT1), trabecular-ciliary process distance (TCPD) and trabecular-ciliary process angle (TCA). RESULTS: Eyes with PAC/PACG presented significantly thinner CBT1, shorter TCPD and smaller TCA (P

Abstract Background Obesity and diabetes are two risk factors for cancer. To evaluate the association of body mass index (BMI) with cancer risk in diabetic patients may improve current understanding of potential mechanisms. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 51,004 newly diagnosed T2DM patients derived from an electronic health record (EHR) database of Minhang district in Shanghai, China. Incident cancer cases and all-cause deaths occurred before September 30, 2015 were identified by linking with the Shanghai Cancer Registry and the Shanghai Vital Statistics. To examine the potential non-linear and linear relationships of BMI and cancer risk, Cox proportional hazard models with and without restricted cubic spline functions were used, respectively. Results A non-linear association was observed between BMI and overall cancer incidence in men younger than 60 years old (p for non-linearity = 0.009). Compared with those having BMI of 25.0 kg/m2, the cancer risk increased in those with either lower or higher BMI. In women older than 60 years old, linear dose-response relationships were observed between BMI and the risk of both overall cancer and breast cancer. As each unit increase in BMI, the overall cancer risks elevated by 3% (95%CI: 1–5%) and the breast cancer risks increased by 7% (95%CI: 1–13%). No significant association was observed between BMI and other common cancer sites. Conclusions Our results show that the effect of BMI on cancer risk in Chinese patients with T2DM may vary by gender, age and cancer subtypes, suggesting different underlying biological mechanisms.

Abstract Background Currently, there is no formal consensus regarding a standard classification for gastric cancer (GC) patients with

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important foodborne pathogens that can persist in leafy green vegetables and subsequently produce biofilms. In this study, the synergistic effect of thymoquinone and nisin in reducing biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa on lettuce was evaluated, and their anti-virulence and anti-biofilm mechanisms were also investigated. At concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2 mg/ml, thymoquinone inhibited the production of autoinducers and virulence factors, and enhanced the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa biofilms to nisin as evidenced by the scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Integrated transcriptomics, metabolomics, and docking analyses indicated that thymoquinone treatment disrupted the quorum sensing (QS) system, altered cell membrane component, and down-regulated the expressions of genes related to virulence, efflux pump, and antioxidation. The changed membrane component and repressed efflux pump system enhanced membrane permeability and facilitated the entrance of nisin into cells, thus improving the susceptibility of biofilms to nisin. The dysfunctional QS and repressed antioxidant enzymes lead to the enhancement of oxidative stress. The enhanced oxidative stress disrupted energy metabolism and protein metabolism and ultimately attenuated the virulence and pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa PAO1. Our study indicated that thymoquinone has the potential to function as a QS-based agent to defend against foodborne pathogens in combination with nisin.

Furcation defects pose a significant challenge in the diagnosis and treatment planning of periodontal diseases. The accurate detection of furcation involvements (FI) on periapical radiographs (PAs) is crucial for the success of periodontal therapy. This research proposes a deep learning-based approach to furcation defect detection using convolutional neural networks (CNN) with an accuracy rate of 95%. This research has undergone a rigorous review by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and has received accreditation under number 202002030B0C505. A dataset of 300 periapical radiographs of teeth with and without FI were collected and preprocessed to enhance the quality of the images. The efficient and innovative image masking technique used in this research better enhances the contrast between FI symptoms and other areas. Moreover, this technology highlights the region of interest (ROI) for the subsequent CNN models training with a combination of transfer learning and fine-tuning techniques. The proposed segmentation algorithm demonstrates exceptional performance with an overall accuracy up to 94.97%, surpassing other conventional methods. Moreover, in comparison with existing CNN technology for identifying dental problems, this research proposes an improved adaptive threshold preprocessing technique that produces clearer distinctions between teeth and interdental molars. The proposed model achieves impressive results in detecting FI with identification rates ranging from 92.96% to a remarkable 94.97%. These findings suggest that our deep learning approach holds significant potential for improving the accuracy and efficiency of dental diagnosis. Such AI-assisted dental diagnosis has the potential to improve periodontal diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient outcomes. This research demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of using deep learning algorithms for furcation defect detection on periapical radiographs and highlights the potential for AI-assisted dental diagnosis. With the improvement of dental abnormality detection, earlier intervention could be enabled and could ultimately lead to improved patient outcomes.

BackgroundReduced dopamine transporter (DAT) binding in the striatum has been reported in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). However, the relationship between striatal dopaminergic lesions and the disease severity of PSP remains to be explored.ObjectiveTo investigate the contributions of striatal dopaminergic lesions to the disease severity of PSP.MethodsOne hundred patients with clinically diagnosed PSP were consecutively enrolled in this study. The disease severity was systemically assessed using the PSP rating scale (PSPrs), and the dopaminergic lesions were assessed using the 11C-N-2-carbomethoxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-tropane positron emission tomography (11C-CFT PET) imaging. To explore the correlations between striatal DAT bindings and the disease severity, both the region-wise and voxel-wise analysis were adopted. Partial correlations and multiple linear regressions were performed to investigate the contribution of striatal dopaminergic lesions to the disease severity in PSP.ResultsSixty-three patients of PSP with Richardson’s syndrome (PSP-RS) and 37 patients with PSP-non-RS were finally included. The disease severity in PSP-RS was much heavier than that in the PSP-non-RS. The DAT bindings in the caudate and anterior putamen correlated significantly with the PSPrs total scores, mainly in the domains of history, mentation, bulbar, and ocular motor symptoms. The striatal DAT bindings (caudate) contributed significantly to the disease severity of PSP, independent of the motor, cognition, emotion and behavioral dysfunctions.ConclusionOur study highlighted the independent contribution of striatal dopaminergic lesions to the disease severity in PSP.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been suggested to increase the risk of cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of common cancers in Chinese patients with T2DM.Methods: A population-based retrospective cohort study including 36,379 T2DM patients was conducted in Minhang District of Shanghai, China, during 2004 to 2010. All T2DM patients were enrolled from the standardized management system based on local electronic information system. Newly-diagnosed cancer cases were identified by record-linkage with the Shanghai Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the risk of cancers among T2DM patients.Results: Overall crude incidence rate (CIR) of cancers was 955.21 per 105 person-years in men and 829.57 per 105 person-years in women. Increased risk of cancer was found in both gender, with an SIR being 1.28 (95% CI = 1.17-1.38) in men and 1.44 (95% CI =1.32-1.55) in women. Increased risk of colon (SIR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.49 to 2.46), rectum (1.72; 1.23 to 2.21), prostate (2.87; 2.19 to 3.56), and bladder cancers (1.98, 1.28 to 2.68) were observed in men and elevated risk of colon (1.67; 1.25 to 2.08), breast (1.66; 1.38 to 1.95), and corpus uteri cancers (2.87; 2.03 to 3.71) were observed in women.Conclusions: Our results indicate that Chinese patients with T2DM may have an increased risk of some cancers, and the increase may vary by sub-sites of cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To investigate the effect of Mingmu Yanggan Pills combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops on the clinical efficacy of patients with dry eye(DE)in perimenopausal women and the influence on the levels of IL-33 and IL-6 in tears. METHODS: Eighty patients(160 eyes)with perimenopausal women with dry eye were enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into observation group(n=40)and control group(n=40). The control group was given sodium hyaluronate eye drops. The observation group was given Mingyu yanggan Pill on the basis of the control group. The curative effect of the two groups were observed. The changes of ocular surface disease index(OSDI)score, tear film break-up time(BUT), tear secretion test(SⅠt)and corneal fluorescein staining(FL)and IL-33 and IL-6 levels in tears before and after treatment were compared. RESULTS: The total score of OSDI for the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment(PPPPχ2=5.591, P=0.018). CONCLUSION: Mingmu Yanggan Pills combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops has a good curative effect on the treatment of dry eye in perimenopausal women, which may be related to the decrease of IL-33 and IL-6 levels in tears.

Abstract Background Parkinson’s disease is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms with wide ranging impacts on the health-related quality of life. The 39-item Parkinson’s disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) is the most widely used PD-specific health-related quality-of-life questionnaire. The short-form 8-item Parkinson’s disease Questionnaire (PDQ-8) was found to produce results similar to that of the PDQ-39 cross-culturally. However, there is no evaluation of the PDQ-8 in the mainland of China. Methods In this longitudinal study, 283 patients with Parkinson’s disease were recruited. The PDQ-39, the PDQ-8 and other scales were administered. Patients attended the clinic once annually for three years to complete the scales. Results The PDQ-8 was found to have good validity and reliability. There was a strong correlation between the summary indices of the PDQ-8 and the PDQ-39 (r=0.93, P

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a highly heterogeneous clinical entity. Patients with young-onset PD (YOPD) show some characteristic manifestations to late-onset PD (LOPD). The current study aimed to investigate the cerebral dopaminergic and metabolic characteristics in YOPD with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. In our study, 103 subjects (42 YOPD and 61 LOPD patients) accepted both 11 C-N-2-carbomethoxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-tropane ( 11 C-CFT) and 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) cerebral PET imaging. Sixty-two patients out of 103 patients in our study completed the cognition tests. In this limited subsection, YOPD patients performed better in cognitive functioning than LOPD patients of similar disease duration. In 11 C-CFT imaging, dopamine transporter binding in caudate was relatively spared in YOPD compared with lesions in putamen. In 18 F-FDG PET, YOPD patients showed increased metabolism in basal ganglia relative to the healthy controls. When compared with LOPD patients, YOPD patients exhibited hypermetabolism in caudate and hypometabolism in putamen. Furthermore, the regional metabolic values in caudate correlated positively and moderately with the dopaminergic binding deficiency in caudate. The findings of this imaging study might offer new perspectives in understanding the characteristic manifestations in YOPD in light of better-preserved cognition function.

AIM: To investigate the effect of Carbomer eye gel and recombinant human epidermal growth factor(rhEGF)on dry eye after cataract surgery in diabetics.METHODS:A total of 160 patients(160 eyes)with diabetes undergone phacoemulsification with a diagnosis of dry eyes were randomized divided into two groups, treatment group(80 cases, 80 eyes)and control group(80 cases, 80 eyes). In treatment group, the patients were treated by Carbomer eye gel and rhEGF. In control group, the patients were treated by Carbomer eye gel. The subjective dry eye symptoms, tear break-up time(BUT), Schirmer I test(SⅠt)and cornea fluorescein staining(FL)were observed before treatment, 1, 4wk after treatment.RESULTS: There was no significant difference between groups before treatment(P>0.05). After treatment at 1, 4wk, the subjective dry eye symptoms and the results of three examination(BUT, SⅠt and FL)in two groups better than those before treatment(PPPPCONCLUSION: Carbomer eye gel can relieve the dry eye symptoms of diabetes after phacoemulsification effectively, and it can be more effective to combine Carbomer eye gel with rhEGF at early stage after phacoemulsification.

BackgroundTraditional Chinese exercise (TCE) has widespread use for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease; however, there appears to be no consensus about the benefits of TCE for patients with cardiovascular disease. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the effects of TCE for patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods and ResultsRelevant studies were searched by PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. We covered only published articles with randomized controlled trials. The outcome measures included physiological outcomes, biochemical outcomes, physical function, quality of life, and depression. A total of 35 articles with 2249 cardiovascular disease patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. The pooling revealed that TCE could decrease systolic blood pressure by 9.12 mm Hg (95% CI −16.38 to −1.86, P=0.01) and diastolic blood pressure by 5.12 mm Hg (95% CI −7.71 to −2.52, P

To mimic multilevel nerve root compression and intervertebral foramina stenosis in human, we established a new animal model of the chronic compression of unilateral multiple lumbar DRGs (mCCD) in the rat. A higher occurrence of signs of spontaneous pain behaviors, such as wet-dog shaking and spontaneous hind paw shrinking behaviors, was firstly observed from day 1 onward. In the meantime, the unilateral mCCD rat exhibited significant bilateral hind paw mechanical and cold allodynia and hyperalgesia, as well as a thermal preference to 30°C plate between 30 and 35°C. The expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was significantly increased in the ipsilateral and contralateral all-sized DRG neurons after the mCCD. And the expression of CGRP was significantly increased in the ipsilateral and contralateral large- and medium-sized DRG neurons. ATF3 and CGRP expressions correlated to evoked pain hypersensitivities such as mechanical and cold allodynia on postoperative day 1. The results suggested that bilateral neuropathy of primary sensory neurons might contribute to bilateral hypersensitivity in the mCCD rat.

BACKGROUND:Surgical and non-surgical interventions are the two categories for treatment of vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). However, there is clinical uncertainty over optimal management. This study aimed to examine the safety and effectiveness of surgical management for treatment of VCFs with osteopenia compared with non-surgical treatment. METHODS:We conducted a systematic search through electronic databases from inception to June 2014, with no limits on study data or language. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating surgical versus non-surgical interventions for treatment of patients with VCFs due to osteopenia were considered. Primary outcomes were pain and adverse effects. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled mean difference (MD) or risk ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS:Sixteen reports (11 studies) met the inclusion criteria, and provided data for the meta-analysis with a total of 1,401 participants. Compared with conservative treatment, surgical treatment was more effective in reducing pain (short-term: MD -2.05, 95% CI -3.55 to -0.56, P=0.007; mid-term: MD -1.70, 95% CI -2.78 to -0.62, P=0.002; long-term: MD -1.24, 95% CI -2.20 to -0.29, P=0.01) and disability on the Roland-Morris Disability score (short-term: MD -4.97, 95% CI -8.71 to -1.23, P=0.009), as well as improving quality of life on the Short-Form 36 Physical Component Summary score (short-term: MD 5.53, 95% CI 1.45 to 9.61, P=0.008) and the Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis score (short-term: MD -5.01, 95% CI -8.11 to -1.91, P=0.002). Indirect comparisons between vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty found no evidence that the treatment effect differed across the two interventions for any outcomes assessed. Compared with the sham procedure, surgical treatment showed no evidence of improvement in pain relief and physical function. Based on these two comparisons, no significant difference between groups was noted in the pooled results for adverse events. CONCLUSION:Compared to conservative treatment, surgical treatment was more effective in decreasing pain in the short,mid and long terms. However, no significant mid- and long-term differences in physical function and quality of life was observed. Little good evidence is available for surgical treatment compared with that for sham procedure. PV and BK are currently used to treat VCFs with osteopenia, with little difference in treatment effects. Evidence of better quality and from a larger sample size is required before a recommendation can be made. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO PROSPERO registration number: CRD42013005142.

AIM: To compare the different formulas in intraocular lens(IOL)power calculations on high myopia after LASIK with cataract patients who received the phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation(Phaco+IOL). METHODS: This was a retrospective study. Data from 102 eyes of 61 cataract patients with high myopia, who received Phaco+IOL after LASIK, were collected. Patients were divided into three groups by formulas in IOL power calculations before surgery: Holladay group(11 cases, 21 eyes), Haigis-L group(30 cases, 47 eyes)and SRK-T group(20 cases, 34 eyes). The ratios of equivalent IOL power after LASIK were predicted and the accuracy of their predictions were compared 3mo after surgery. It was an index of reliability of the formulas outcomes.RESULTS:The ratios of equivalent IOL power after LASIK using the Holladay, Haigis-L and SRK-T formulas were 0.86±0.41D, 0.43±0.30D and 1.27±0.58D, respectively. There was no significant difference between Holladay group and SRK-T group(t=-0.271, P=0.625>0.05). However, significant difference was found between Haigis-L group and Holladay group(t=2.249, P=0.047t=6.012, P=0.031CONCLUSION: The Haigis-L formula is more accurate than the SRK-T and Holladay formulas in predicting IOL power for cataract patients with high myopia after LASIK.