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Fyodor Ivanovich Komarov (08/26/1920 01/25/2020) was a participant in the Great Patriotic War, a prominent domestic therapist, an outstanding figure in military medicine, a Hero of Socialist Labor, an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a laureate of the State Prize of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, an honorary doctor of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, a professor and a retired colonel-general of the medical military service. F.I. Komarovs scientific heritage is huge. Over 600 scientific works, including 33 monographs, were published by him personally and in co-authorship. Due to his comprehensive clinical background and deep knowledge of physiology and biochemistry, urgent problems of gastroenterology, cardiology, pulmonology, chronobiorhythmology and military professional pathology could be successfully solved. He made a great contribution to improve and reform the military medical service. Twenty six doctors and sixty candidates of medical sciences were educated under his leadership. Being a military doctor and holding high leadership positions, he was constantly engaged in the improvement of military medicine and military field therapy. He was also the head of medical support for the troops during the hostilities in Afghanistan, during the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and following the consequences of the earthquake in Armenia. He was elected chairman of the All-Union Society of Physicians several times. He was also a member of the Lenin and State Prize Awarding Committee under the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union, chairman of the expert council of the Supreme Attestation Commission of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and editor-in-chief of the journal Clinical Medicine and an honorary member of a number of foreign academies. In 1999, he was awarded the title Man of the XX century, became a laureate of four personal prizes: M.P. Konchalovsky (1979), S.P. Botkin (1985), N.I. Leporsky (1992), V. Kh. Vasilenko (2001). For his merits to the Fatherland, F.I. Komarov was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor (1980) in addition to forty five orders and medals.

The contractility of the myocardium is determined by the strength and speed of contraction of the ventricles. It can be estimated from the Q-T interval of the electrocardiogram, which is an electrical systole of the ventricles. Set the change in ventricular systole by the deviation of the actual interval of Q-T from the corrected one. Elongation of ventricular systole indicates a violation of myocardial contractility, which causes the development of systolic heart failure. When comparing this indicator with the results of echocardiography, reflecting the contractility of the left ventricle, their direct dependence was established. The greater the degree of breach of myocardial contractility, the higher the percentage of the deviation of the actual Q-T interval from the corrected one. The maximum figures were recorded in patients with a global contractility disorder. This indicator can be used to detect both acute and chronic systolic insufficiency. It was established that in all patients with heart failure there was an increase in the Q-T interval. The magnitude of it depended on the degree of manifestation of heart failure. The increase in the percentage deviation of the actual value from the control occurred in patients with heart failure from I functional class to IV. Only in 1/5 of patients with heart failure of I functional class, the actual value did not differ from the control one, but under physical load, it increased significantly, which indicates the presence of latent systolic insufficiency. It is also found in patients with heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction, the development of which is associated with diastolic dysfunction. Electrocardiography can be used as a method of diagnosing systolic heart failure, which is highly informative and specific.

Left ventricular ejection fraction, not being an indicator of contractility, is widely used in practice for the diagnosis of heart failure. It reflects only a change in volume of the left ventricle. It was found that the ejection fraction is not so much dependent on the shock and final diastolic volume as on the final systolic volume. An inverse relationship was found between the left ventricular ejection fraction and the end systolic volume. The larger the end systolic volume, the lower the ejection fraction. High final ejection fraction corresponds to a small terminal systolic volume of the left ventricle. The ejection fraction, representing the ratio of the impact volume to the final diastolic, reflects structural changes in the left ventricle. The more these disorders, the lower the fraction of the ejection of the left ventricle. Its connection with heart failure is realized indirectly through structural restructuring of the myocardium. Low ejection fraction indicates severe damage to the myocardium and unfavorable prognosis for the patient. The empirically established emission fraction did not receive a scientific justification for the regulatory framework. According to the symmetrical approach to the study of a heart, the volume ratio of the left ventricle represents a golden proportion (0,618). Hence, the ideal left ventricular ejection fraction is 62 %, but not 50-80 %, as is customary. An increase or decrease in the ejection fraction indicates a change in the volume of the left ventricle. The clinical morphological similarity of patients with heart failure, classified according to functional classes and size of the ejection fraction, was revealed, which casted doubt on the introduction of the classification of heart failure by the size of the ejection fraction into practice.

The heterostructure n-CdO/a-C/p-Si is proposed for use as a solar cell device. The heterostructure consists of two semiconductor layers having different optical band gaps. An ultrathin layer of a-C with a narrow optical band gap is located between these layers. The photovoltaic effect in this device has been investigated. It is shown that the short-circuit current I sc =46 mA/cm2 for heterostructure n-CdO/a-C/p-Si corresponds to the values obtained in the best solar cells based on crystalline silicon. It is also shown that the heterostructure n-CdO/p-Si (without a-C) has a short circuit current which is much weaker.

Electroluminescence spectra have been observed at room temperature. They show a broad maximum at around 680 nm, dependent on the value of the current passed through the structure. The integrated intensity of spontaneous radiation increased with the current passed through the structure. Current-voltage characteristics were studied and have been shown to have rectifying properties. A possible physical mechanism of the observed effect is suggested in terms of field theory in quantum-dimension carbon layers. The results of the investigation confirm the possibility of manufacturing and using similar structures in micro- and optoelectronics, particularly as light-emitting devices.

samples of the zirconium oxydihydrides and oxymonohydrides of compositions ZrH 2 O 0.11-1.10 and ZrH 1.0 O 0.14 - 1.90 respectively were synthesized for the investigation of phase-forming processes in zirconium-hydrogen-oxygen systems. For each sample, the phase composition, crystal lattice constants, specific resistance and electronic work function were determined. It has been shown that for the ZrH 2 -O 2 system, an increase of the oxygen concentration causes gradual substitution of the metallic bonds by covalent and ionic bonds.

A new system for a photoelectric converter is proposed, and its photoelectric properties are studied, using an n-CdO/a-C/p-Si heterostructure as an example. The distinguishing feature of the structure is that the broad-band insulating layer of SiO2 on the surface of the silicon is replaced by a narrow-band layer of amorphous carbon, while a layer of CdO is used as the upper electrode. It is shown that an increase of the short-circuit current because of impact ionization can be expected in such a heterostructure. The results of the paper show that it is worthwhile to use CdO films in practice as transparent electrodes.

Samples of the titanium oxyhydrides of composition TiH x O y , where x = 0.83–2.0, y = 0.1–1.4, were synthesized by interaction of titanium dihydride with oxygen at temperatures of 20–550 °C and pressures of 0.2–2.0 MPa and for each sample the electronic work function and the specific resistance were determined. It has been shown that the TiH 2 -O 2 system contains the suboxohydrides of compositions M 6 O, M 3 O and M 2 O, on the basis of the initial titanium dihydride lattice, where M is the initial titanium dihydride, analogous to the compositions which exist in the Ti-O 2 system.

Differential cross sections for the process pi +d to pp at seven energies in the region Tpi =280-450 MeV and in the angular range theta * approximately=4-90 degrees have been measured on the LNPI synchrocyclotron. The results include 94 new data points. The measurements have been carried out using a ten-channel hodoscope set-up. Statistical errors are between 2.5% and 7.8% depending on the scattering angle and Tpi . The data obtained indicate that there is an essential contribution from the partial wave with orbital angular momentum l=3 over the whole energy range considered. The authors also observe a noticeable contribution from the l=4 partial wave to the differential cross sections of the pi +d to pp reaction from Tpi >or=357 MeV. The total cross sections for the process pi +d to pp are also presented.

Differential cross sections for charge pion production in the pA to pi X reaction have been measured at a proton kinetic energy of 1 GeV with a relative accuracy of 2-5% for the following targets: 1H, 2D, 10B, 11B, 12C, 16O, 24Mg, 25Mg, 26Mg, 27Al, 64Cu, 116Sn, 124Sn, 181Ta, 184W and 208Pb. The measurements were performed with the help of two independent magnetic spectrometers with an angular acceptance of Delta Omega approximately=0.01 sr. The momentum resolution was equal to Delta P/P=1.4% in the range P=200-950 MeV/c at theta =0 degrees and Delta P/P=3% in the range P=75-600 MeV/sc at theta =57.8 degrees . The absolute normalisation of the cross sections was carried out using recent LNPI data on d sigma /d Omega for the pi +d to pp reaction. The contribution of various mechanisms to the inclusive pion spectra is discussed.

A method of calculating the temperature field in nonuniform media is described. Examples of the calculation of the temperature distribution for an exponential variation of the thermal conductivity of the medium and also in a multilayer structure are presented.

Differential cross sections for π+p and π−p elastic scattering have been measured at 12 energies in the region 277–640 MeV. The data were obtained in the angular range θ π ∗ = 40°−176° , with a typical accuracy of 2–5%. The results for 288 MeV and 292.9 MeV are in good agreement with the data of Bussey et al. Using the data obtained, isospin bounds have been calculated for the charge-exchange scattering. It is shown that the charge-exchange cross sections at large angles are grouped near the bottom isospin limit, and at energies larger than 490 MeV they lie beyond the region allowed by isospin invariance. The comparison was carried out with the predictions of different phase-shift analyses. It is shown that the existing phase-shift analyses do not describe all the set of the new data. A new energy-independent phase-shift analysis has been carried out at 12 energies in the region 240–700 MeV.

We present a modification of the method of image regions [G. I. Marchuk, Methods of Numerical Mathematics, Springer-Verlag [1975)] to solve the boundary-value problem for the steady-state temperature distribution in an irregular multiply connected region.

Some mixed boundary-value problems for steady-state heat conduction in a rectangular domain with a variable heat-transfer coefficient are solved by reduction to infinite systems.

Expressions are derived for the spectral intensity of the spontaneous radiation and for the gain of a probe wave used to study the interaction between a nonrelativistic electron beam and a standing electromagnetic wave field. Estimates of the frequency and the corresponding gain indicate that an infrared electromagnetic wave may be amplified in the system under study. A criterion that the amplification of the probe wave is a quantum process is derived.

1. Solutions of potassium, rubidium, cesium, and tetrabutylammonium perchlorate in anhydrous perchloric acid were investigated by the PMR method. A linear dependence of the chemical shift of the proton in the weak-field direction on the molar concentration of perchlorate was detected. An analogous dependence exists in solutions of (C4H9)4NClO4-HClO4 in chloroform. 2. HClO4 molecules form the anion H(ClO4) 2 s− with perchlorates through a hydrogen bond. Evidently the dissociation of the biperchlorate anion in solution is negligible.

The flow of a conducting liquid in a channel of rectangular cross section with two walls (parallel to the external magnetic field) having an arbitrary conductivity, the other two being insulators, is considered. The solution of the problem is presented in the form of infinite series. The relationships obtained are used for numerical calculations of the velocity distribution and the distribution of the induced magnetic field over the cross section for several modes of flow.

Intradermal tests for secretin were studied in 70 people and antibodies to secretin in 42. In all patients with gastroduodenitis and peptic ulcer, positive skin reactions were found, and in about 2/3 of patients - antibodies to secretin in the blood serum. The given samples can be used for preclinical diagnostics and to identify persons predisposed to gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer.

A quantum-mechanical problem of the reflection and transmission by a barrier on which electrons are incident in the field of a strong electromagnetic wave is considered. An expression is obtained for the modulated electron current.

1. The complex formation in the systems tetrabutylammonium perchlorate — BX3 (X=F, Cl, Br) in CHC13 solution was investigated by the NMR-11B method. All the boron halides studied form compounds in solution with the general formula (C4H9)4N[X3BOClO3]. The complexes with BF3 and BCl3 are stable in CHCl3 at ∼20°; the bromide complex breaks down irreversibly. 2. The chemical shift of11B relative to BF3·O(C2H5)2 is 0.0–7.7 and ∼2 ppm for the fluoride, chloride, and bromide complexes, respectively. In all the investigated systems, at room temperature a rapid chemical exchange of the free and complex bound boron halide is observed.

Complexes with the composition AlHnCl3−nN(C2H5)3 (n=0, 1, 2, 3) were produced. The IR and PMR spectra of the complexes indicate that when hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine atoms, an increase is observed in the acceptor capacity of aluminum compounds.

Employing the nuclear magnetic double resonance method, we determined the chemical shifts and the spin-spin coupling constants of a number of aluminum borohydride complexes.

1. Etherates of aluminum dichloroborohydride and chlorodichlorohydride Al (BH4)nCl3−n · (C2H5)2O (n =1, 2) were produced, and their melting points and pycnometric densities were determined. 2. The absence of chemical interaction in the system AlBH4Cl2 · (C2H5)2O-C6H6 was demonstrated by thermographic analysis. In the system there is only a simple eutectic with composition 42 mole % AlBH4Cl2 · (C2H5)2O melting at −30°. 3. The electric conductivity of the complexes Al(BH4)nCl3−n · (C2H5)2O (n=1-3) and their solutions in ether and benzene was determined at 20°. There is no interaction among the components in the investigated systems, which agrees with the results of a thermographic investigation.

1. A study was made of the concentration dependence of the work function (ϕ) in the Hg-Rb system, and it was shown that its minimum value is observed in the region of the highest melting compound Hg2Rb. 2. A study was made of the concentration dependence of the values of the alloys of the Hg2Rb-Cs system. 3. An apparatus for studying the external photoeffect in ternary metallic systems was described.

Cadmium oxide films obtained by magnetron sputtering of a cadmium target in a nitrogenoxygen mixture are investigated. It is established that these films have a lower resistivity than do films obtained by other methods. It is concluded that the practical utilization of CdO films as transparent electrodes would be worthwhile.

1. The photoelectric properties of Pb-Na alloys in the liquid and solid state have been studied and it has been shown that there is a relationship between the photoelectric and surface phenomena occurring in molten Pb-Na alloys. 2. A component which is surface active at the liquid-gas interface retains this property at the solid-gas interface.

A study has been carried out of the electronic work function (ϕ) of sodium-potassium and rubidiumcesium alloys over the whole concentration range at 25°;ϕ has been shown to be a linear function of the concentration.