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Purpose of the study: to analyze available data on the combination of radiation therapy with antiangiogenic drugs in the treatment of patients with brain metastases. Material and methods. The search for relevant sources was carried out using Medline, Cochrane Library, Elibrary, PubMed databases concerning publications describing the role of radiation therapy in the treatment of patients with brain metastases. results. To date, there are various options for the combination of radiation therapy with antiangiogenic drugs. The results obtained indicate that radiotherapy combined with antiangiogenic drugs is more efficient in the treatment of patients with brain metastases than radiotherapy used alone. Conclusion. Treatment of patients with brain metastases remains extremely challenging and requires a multidisciplinary team approach.

Purpose of the study: a review of available data on various modern radiation therapy regimens and their effectiveness, as well as currently known markers of tumor radioresistance. Material and methods. We analyzed relevant publications available in the PubMed and cochrane Library databases between 1984 and 2019, 60 of which were used to write this review. Results. Rectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of rectal cancer in economically developed countries. In Russia, colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer after lung, gastric and breast cancers. Preoperative radiation therapy followed by surgery is the preferred treatment method for rectal cancer. However, there are cases with no response to preoperative radiation therapy due to tumor cell radioresistance. Various radiotherapy regimens have been developed, differing in their effectiveness: the frequency of local recurrences, overall survival rate and quality of life of patients. cell radioresistance markers are also known. among them, there are genetic markers (changes in gene expression and micro-RNa, mutations) and proteomic markers (changes in protein expression), which can carry not only predictive value, but also be used as targets for therapy. Conclusion. Radioresistance is the major factor leading to the failure of radiotherapy and poor prognosis in patients with rectal cancer. at present, no molecular biomarkers for radiotherapy response prediction are in routine clinical use. Further research is needed to create an effective panel of molecular biomarkers and to improve personalized care for rectal cancer.

Aim: to study the effect of a pulsed magnetic field (PMF) on the expression of key tumor suppressor genes, such as aPc, MLH, and MGMt in human t98G glioblastoma cell line. material and methods. the PMF with the intensity of 15 and 300 mt was used alone and in combination with ionizing radiation at a single dose of 10 Gy. to perform ionizing radiation, theratron Equinox 60co unit Best theratronics Ltd., Ottawa, canada) was used. the source of the pulsed magnetic field was Neuro-Ms / D therapeutic advanced device of the Neurosoft company. Live and dead cells were determined in NanoEntekJuliFl cell counter (Korea) using a 0.4 % trypan blue solution to stain dead cells. total RNa was extracted according to the protocol of the manufacturer trizol with changes: the aqueous phase was separated with trizol reagent twice. the quantitative measurement of the isolated RNa was carried out on a Qubit 2.0 fluorimeter using a kit of reagents with the Quant-it RNa assayKit RNa intercalating dye (Life technologies, usa). the expression of MLH, aPc, and MGMt genes was evaluated by Rt-PcR using a cFx96 amplifier (BioRad, usa). Data were analyzed using the cycle threshold (ct) method with normalization for tBP gene expression in each sample. Relative expression of the genetic locus (Exp) was calculated by the 2-Δct method. statistical analysis of the results was carried out using the statictica v10 software package. Results. One day after exposure to PMF, significant differences in the MGMt expression level compared to the control were found (p

Purpose of the study. The purpose of the study was to find the difference between local levels of VEGF, EGF, IGFI and IG- FII in tumor and intact tissues in adenocarcinoma of the stomach (AC) and signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach (SRCC).Materials and methods. Levels of VEGF, EGF, EGFR, IGF-I and IGFII were determined by ELISA in tumor and intact gastric tissues of 15 AC patients and 10 SRCC patients (T2-3N0-2M0, G2-3), mean age 62.8±2.38 years.Results. Levels of IGF-I, IGF-II and VEGF in intact gastric tissues were similar at AC and SRCC, but EGF and EGFR levels at AC were higher than at SRCC. Level of VEGF in AC tumor tissue, compared to intact gastric tissue, increased by 2.3 times and IGFI and IGFII decreased by 2.1 and 1.8 times, respectively. Tumor tissue of SRCC showed the increased level of EGF (by 2.9 times) and EGFR (by 1.8 times), tissue of SRCC was characterized by the activation of system of EGF and IGF, but not VEGF. Tissue of AC demonstrated the stimulation of VEGFA neoangiogenesis.Conclusion. A significant difference was observed in the levels of VEGF-A, IGF-I and IGF-II and components of the EGF system in gastric tumors and visually intact tissues in G2-G3 AC and SRCC. The higher activity of the EGF and IGF systems in SRCC is probably associated with diffuse growth characteristics and the origin from neuroendocrine cells, which serves as an autocrine/paracrine regulation of invasive growth. AC with solid structure is more in need of neoangiogenesis carried out mainly by the VEGF system.

Aim. Study of VEGF-A and TGF-β growth factors in tumor tissue bioptates in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the oral cavity depending on the effectiveness of polychemotherapy targeted therapy with cetuximab.Patients and methods. The study included 30 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and mouth floor mucosa (T3-4N0-1M0). All patients received 2 cycles of therapy: cisplatin 100 mg/m2 , intravenously, day 1, 5-fluorouracil 1000 mg/m2 /day, intravenously, 96-hour continuous infusion in combination with targeted therapy (cetuximab 400 mg/ m2 on day 1 in a loading dose, then 250 mg/m2 on days 8 and 15). Patients were divided into two subgroups: target sensitivity of patients (partial regression and stabilization) n = 17 and target resistance (progression) n = 13. Levels of growth factors VEGF-A and TGF-β were determined in tumor tissue bioptates by ELISA using standard test systems (Bender Med System, Austria). Statistical processing of results was performed using the Statistica 6.0 program (Stat-Soft, 2001).Results. Polychemotherapy with cetuximab in some patients (n = 13), antitumor therapy with cetuximab did not result in statistically significant changes in levels of VEGF-A, TGF-β and the VEGF-A/TGF-β ratio compared to the initial values. In other patients (n = 17), the studied markers in tumor tissue bioptates were statistically significantly different from the initial values: VEGF-A was decreased by 1.46 times, TGF-β by 2.96 times, while the VEGF-A/TGF-β ratio was twice elevated.Conclusions. The results on levels of growth factors VEGF-A and TGF-β, as well as the VEGF-A/TGF-β ratio, are of a certain prognostic value and can be used as criteria for evaluating the efficacy of antitumor therapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and mouth floor mucosa.

The article examines the relevance of creating a national repository of biological samples collected from Russian citizens. International practices in the introduction and application of proactive DNA-based human identification are analyzed. Information is provided about existing molecular genetic databanks, including one of the largest in the world – the UK National DNA Database containing over 6 million genetic profiles. Availability of reference samples for comparison helps in the identification of evidence found at the scene and thus contributes to effective crime detection. Authors point out the lack of uniform standards for human DNA marker analysis both in Russia and abroad, which significantly complicates DNA identification of biological material. Once a national databank of biological samples is established, the absence of a universally recognized DNA profiling system would be rendered irrelevant. Successful achievement of this objective relies on the use of the most effective and affordable method for collection and long-term storage of genetic material in dry form, i.e. collection paper cards (DNA cards).

Endometrial cancer is the 6-th most common malignancy in women worldwide, accounting for about 4.8 % of all female cancers. The treatment of recurrent endometrial cancer remains a major challenge. Some endometrial cancer recurrences, for example vaginal stump recurrence, are reported to be effectively treated with surgical resection and radiation therapy. Early recurrence of early-stage well-differentiated endometrial cancer is uncommon. Case report. Herein we report a rare case of recurrent well-differentiated endometrial cancer in a 65-year-old woman. The patient had recurrence 10 months after laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Recurrent endometrial tumor with extension into the rectosigmoid colon, urinary bladder and the right ureter manifested itself clinically with severe pain requiring the use of opioids. The recurrent tumor was removed. Resection of the bladder, left ureter and upper ampular rectum was followed by anastomosis. The patient received multiple cycles of chemotherapy. Conclusion. Compliance with the principles of ablastics during the laparoscopic or laparotomic surgery helps to avoid recurrence in patients with prognostically favorable cancer. In case of recurrence, combined operations are the only possible chance of improving survival of patients with locally advanced or recurrent tumors, which are insensitive to chemoradiotherapy.

Thirty two with the ascitic form of Stages IIIC—IV ovarian cancer underwent 1 to 3 courses of intraperitoneal multidrug therapy using a protein ascitic fluid concentrate (PAFC) as a solvent of drugs (cisplatin, cyclophosphan, doxorubicin) according to the CAP regimen. The induction chemotherapy allowed remission to be achieved in 78.1% of cases (against 40% with standard intraperitoneal therapy), the stan- dard volume of surgical treatment was performed in 28 (87.5%) patients (21 (70%) receiving the control regime); with the use of PAFC, the size of minimum residual tumour (less than 1 cm) was achieved in 81.3% versus 63.3% with standard intraperitoneal chemotherapy. This treatment enables the use large-dose chemotherapy regimens that cause no severe systemic toxic reactions. The method is highly-effective, low-toxic and may be recommended for the treatment of patients with the ascitic form of Stages III—IV ovarian cancer.

Metastatic involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is very rarely observed in gynecological cancer . Ten case histories were analyzed in patients with malignancies of the cervix uteri, endometrium, and ovaries concurrent with metastatic involvement of the brain and spine. The CNS involvement was metachronous in all the patients. The mean interval between the detection of a primary tumor and the emergence of metastases was 3.1, 4.5, and 2.3 years for cervix uteri, corpus uteri, and ovarian cancers, respectively. All patients with gynecological cancer are indicated to undergo a follow-up including neurological examination and X-ray or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine. When meat static CNS involvement is detected, multimodality treatment involving surgery followed by chemoradiation therapy is recommended.

Objective: to study hormone balance changes caused by various options of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in patients with breast cancer (BC). Materials and methods. Data on 200 patients aged 30 to 65 years with primary BC (Stages IIB-IIIA), who had been treated at the Rostov Cancer Research Institute in 2006 to 2009, served as a material for the study. The levels of steroid hormones of the estrogenic, androgenic, and glucocorticoid series were studied before and after neoadjuvant CT.Results. When neoadjuvant poly-CT (PCT) was performed on automedia, the levels of total estrogens were almost unchanged; the frac- tions of estrone and estriol also remained stable. Only estradiol levels were recorded to show a certain declining tendency.There were considerable changes in the expression of all steroid hormones during preoperative systemic PCT.According o the drug therapy option, significant differences were found in the time course of changes in blood cortisol levels. Conclusion. Neoadjuvant CT on automedia results in diminished estrogenization irrespective of age and the phase of the menstrual cycle.

Twenty-five patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and 90 patients with Stages I-II endometrial cancer (EC) were followed up. The patients’ mean age was 44.3±2.1 years. A control group consisted of 20 healthy women matched for age. Before treatment, the authors determined the blood levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol by radiometric assay and the content of daily excreted cortisol, cortisone, tetrahydrocortisol, tetrahydrocortisone, 11-hydroxy-17-ketosteroids, estrone, estradiol, and pregnanediol by the conventional classical studies.The nature of the impaired synthesis and metabolism of sex and adrenocorticoid hormones and their degree have been found to coincide, which suggest that it is expedient to use these findings to form EC risk groups in patients with AEH in the late reproductive period.

Fixation of the preserved ovaries to uterine round ligament allow to retain ovarian function, not only during postoperative radiotherapy of stage Ib cervical cancer due to their transposition, but also after completing pelvic radiation because of preserved ovarian blood vessels in physiological place. This method prevents surgical and radiologic castration.

The level of the metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SOM) was studied on automedia before and after neoadjuvant systemic polyche- motherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Specific therapy was not found to result in normalization of 6-SOM levels, which may be regarded as a poor endogenous factor.

A procedure for drainage-free radical mastectomy is proposed, which can significantly reduce not only the incidence of postoperative lymphorrhea (from 10 to 4.2%), but also its average duration (from 9 to 4 days). No postoperative wound complications accelerate healing and accordingly decrease the length of bed rest. This determines the economic benefits of the proposed procedure and makes it possible to continue combined or complex treatment.

Objective: to define a role of renal reperfusion lesion in the development of renal failure in cancer patients after elimination of longstanding urinary tract occlusion.Subjects and methods. The study covered 26 patients in whom cancer disease was complicated by the development of urinary tract obstruction with evolving renal failure. All the patients received surgical treatment aimed at eliminating urinary tract occlusion. In the early postoperative period, progression of renal dysfunction was seen in all cases. The time course of changes in microcirculation, gas exchange, oxidative-antioxidative balance, and renal function were investigated to study the mechanisms responsible for the development of renal failure after surgery. Clinical and laboratory indices were analyzed before and 1 and 2 days after surgery.Results. The study has revealed that renal reperfusion lesion plays a prominent role in the development of renal failure in cancer patients after elimination of longstanding urinary tract obstruction, which should be borne in mind when preparing patients for surgery and managing them in the postoperative period, namely, to include membrane-stabilizers, antioxidants, and detoxicant therapy.