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According to the Theory of Justice, the characteristics of vulnerable groups should be considered in realizing the mental health benefits of blue-green spaces, so as to promote substantive equity and welfare in cities. The unclear relationship between the blue-green space indicator system and the mental health of older adults at both the quantitative and qualitative levels has hindered the development of spatial justice and health equity in cities. Based on the theories of stress reduction and attention restoration, this paper uses the Hierarchical Linear Model to systematically explore the relationship between the qualitative (environmental characteristics and landscape patterns of parks and water bodies) and quantitative (visibility and accessibility) characteristics of blue-green spaces and the mental health of older adults. The research finds that in the spatial dimension, there is a significant difference in the relationship between the qualitative and quantitative indicators of blue-green space and the mental health of older adults, and the relationship between the availability, visibility, and accessibility of blue-green space and the mental health of older adults is weakened in turn. In the social dimension, resilient ecological spaces can regulate and buffer the negative impacts on the mental health of older adults that are brought about by unfavorable socio-economic factors like having no homeownership. The research can provide guidance for environmental design and the selection of planning indicators to improve the mental health of older adults, and give empirical evidence for reaching a more "equitable" layout of urban blue-green spaces, so as to promote the development of age friendly cities and green and healthy cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Ir complexes bearing N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide (C1) and N-(phenylsulfonyl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide (C2) were employed as catalysts for aqueous formic acid dehydrogenation (FADH). The ligands were designed to maintain the picolinamide skeleton and introduce strong sigma sulfonamide moieties. C1 and C2 exhibited good stability towards air and concentrated formic acid (FA). During 20 continuous cycles, C1 and C2 could achieve the complete conversion of FA with TONs of 172 916 and 172 187, respectively. C1 achieved a high TOF of 19 500 h−1 at 90 °C and an air-stable Ir–H species was observed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an experimental design for generation of the controllable electron density gradient is achieved through a large area oxide coated cathode and two stainless meshes. The large area oxide coated cathode is adopted to produce a large area, uniform and high density plasma, and these two metal meshes are specially designed to control the density and potential of the plasma. A boundary layer with independent electron density gradient and uniform plasma potential is subsequently generated. The controllable electron density gradient can be achieved, and the accompanied electric field can be compensated simultaneously using this design, which could be potentially extended to study the excitation of the plasma instabilities when the strong plasma density gradient exists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report an experimental observation of the inhomogeneous energy density driven instability (IEDDI) independently excited by the electron density gradient. This was achieved using a novel design which could generate a controllable electron density gradient, while the self-consistent electric field accompanied with the electron density gradient can be simultaneously compensated. Broadband wave mode in the ion cyclotron frequency range was excited, which was further experimentally identified as the IEDDI. This result suggests that the IEDDI can be independently excited by the electron density gradient, which could be extended to explain the satellite observations of the broadband extremely low frequency waves in the auroral plasmas where the strong plasma density inhomogeneities exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]