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Gas-liquid separators are commonly utilized in the energy and chemical industries. This paper briefly introduces the separation principles and research progress of the primary gas-liquid separation equipment domestically and internationally. The paper briefly summarizes the working principles of gravity separation, filtration separation, and centrifugal separation equipment. Next, attention is focused on optimizing the separation performance of centrifugal separation equipment, which offers advantages of small size and high separation efficiency. Finally, a comparative analysis of these gas-liquid separators is provided.

The rapid development of the shipping industry has made energy consumption and environmental problems of traditional ships increasingly prominent. Hydrogen-powered ships are one of the development directions for waterway transportation vehicles and will play a significant part in achieving the carbon peak and carbon neutralization goals in the waterway transportation field. Therefore, it is urgent to research the innovative developmental mode of hydrogen-powered ships in China. The development status of hydrogen-powered ships is summarized in this article, and the layout of the hydrogen-powered ship industry is analyzed from the perspectives of industrial chain development trend and coordinated development layout. The technical and economic feasibility of developing hydrogen-powered ships is analyzed from the aspects of hydrogen and ammonia fuel, hydrogen fuel cell, hydrogen internal combustion engine, infrastructure, and total cost of ownership. Moreover, the key links of the industry chain of hydrogenpowered ships are analyzed, including hydrogen production, hydrogen transportation, large-capacity hydrogen storage, safe fueling, fuel cell, hydrogen internal combustion engine, multi-energy collaborative control, and safety in hydrogen application. Based on national conditions, we proposed multi-stage development goals, a development roadmap for hydrogen-powered ships, and a construction path for the hydrogen fuel supply system. To promote the rapid and high-quality development of hydrogen-powered ships, China needs to clarify application scenarios, develop key technologies, improve infrastructure facilities, and innovate operation systems.

Energy is vital for the survival and development of human society. Waterway transportation, as a significant component of the transportation industry, is one of major fields of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the integrated development of waterway transportation and energy becomes a powerful measure against severe challenges such as resource shortage, climate change, and environmental pollution. This paper reviews the current energy consumption characteristics of waterway transportation in China in terms of ships and ports, and evaluates the evolution trend of energy demand of relevant main parts from the perspectives of energy supply, quality, and utilization mode. The technical assessment of the integrated development of waterway transportation and energy is conducted, including natural endowment analysis, energy application potential of infrastructure assets, and research and judgment on energy demand. Based on this, the development principles, ideas, and pathways of water way transportation and energy integration in China are proposed. Moreover, this paper proposes suggestions for promoting the integration of waterway transportation and energy in China from the aspects of policy, key technology, and personnel training, so as to provide a basic reference for cross-disciplinary research and high-quality development of the waterway transportation industry.

Oxygen vacancies (OV) in nonmetallic plasmonic photocatalysts can decrease the energy barrier for CO2 reduction, boosting C1 intermediate production for potential C2 formation. However, their susceptibility to oxidation weakens C1 intermediate adsorption. Herein we proposed a "photoelectron injection" strategy to safeguard OV in W18O49 by creating a W18O49/ZIS (W/Z) plasmonic photocatalyst. Moreover, photoelectrons contribute to the local multi‐electron environment of W18O49, enhancing the intrinsic excitation of its hot electrons with extended lifetimes, as confirmed by in situ XPS and femtosecond transient absorption analysis. Density functional theory calculations revealed that W/Z with OV enhances CO2 adsorption, activating *CO production, while reducing the energy barrier for *COH production (0.054 eV) and subsequent *CO−*COH coupling (0.574 eV). Successive hydrogenation revealed that the free energy for *CH2CH2 hydrogenation (0.108 eV) was lower than that for *CH2CH2 desorption for C2H4 production (0.277 eV), favouring C2H6 production. Consequently, W/Z achieves an efficient C2H6 activity of 653.6 μmol g−1 h−1 under visible light, with an exceptionally high selectivity of 90.6 %. This work offers a new strategy for the rational design of plasmonic photocatalysts with high selectivity for C2+ products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]