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Abstract Traditional magnetic sub-Kelvin cooling relies on the nearly free local moments in hydrate paramagnetic salts, whose utility is hampered by the dilute magnetic ions and low thermal conductivity. Here we propose to use instead fractional excitations inherent to quantum spin liquids (QSLs) as an alternative, which are sensitive to external fields and can induce a very distinctive magnetocaloric effect. With state-of-the-art tensor-network approach, we compute low-temperature properties of Kitaev honeycomb model. For the ferromagnetic case, strong demagnetization cooling effect is observed due to the nearly free Z 2 vortices via spin fractionalization, described by a paramagnetic equation of state with a renormalized Curie constant. For the antiferromagnetic Kitaev case, we uncover an intermediate-field gapless QSL phase with very large spin entropy, possibly due to the emergence of spinon Fermi surface and gauge field. Potential realization of topological excitation magnetocalorics in Kitaev materials is also discussed, which may offer a promising pathway to circumvent existing limitations in the paramagnetic hydrates.

Abstract Background The prognostic potential of immune-related genes, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), is gaining attention for evaluating the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Methods We analyzed 23 datasets to identify 15 ICI-related mRNAs and 5 immune-related lncRNAs, creating a robust immune score (IS). This score was used to classify patients into high and low IS groups and assess their survival outcomes. Results Patients with high IS showed significantly poorer overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to those with low IS. Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed IS as an independent prognostic factor. Additionally, high IS was associated with higher mutation loads and neoantigen profiles, while low IS correlated with enhanced immune cell infiltration. Conclusions The immune score developed from ICI-related mRNAs and lncRNAs effectively predicts the prognosis of breast cancer patients and highlights the differential immune and inflammatory responses between patients with varying levels of immune score. This underscores the relevance of IS in guiding therapeutic decisions and tailoring patient management strategies in clinical settings.

Abstract. Background:. Although some well-established oncogenes are involved in cancer initiation and progression such as prostate cancer (PCa), the long tail of cancer genes remains to be defined. Goosecoid (GSC) has been implicated in cancer development. However, the comprehensive biological role of GSC in pan-cancer, specifically in PCa, remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of GSC in PCa development. Methods:. We performed a systematic bioinformatics exploration of GSC using datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, Gene Expression Omnibus, German Cancer Research Center, and our in-house cohorts. First, we evaluated the expression of GSC and its association with patient prognosis, and identified GSC-relevant genetic alterations in cancers. Further, we focused on the clinical characterization and prognostic analysis of GSC in PCa. To understand the transcriptional regulation of GSC by E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Functional experiments were conducted to validate the effect of GSC on the tumor cellular phenotype and sensitivity to trametinib. Results:. GSC expression was elevated in various tumors and significantly correlated with patient prognosis. The alterations of GSC contribute to the progression of various tumors especially in PCa. Patients with PCa and high GSC expression exhibited worse progression-free survival and biochemical recurrence outcomes. Further, GSC upregulation in patients with PCa was mostly accompanied with higher Gleason score, advanced tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Mechanistically, the transcription factor, E2F1, stimulates GSC by binding to its promoter region. Detailed experiments further demonstrated that GSC acted as an oncogene and influenced the response of PCa cells to trametinib treatment. Conclusions:. GSC was highly overexpressed and strongly correlated with patient prognosis in PCa. We found that GSC, regulated by E2F1, acted as an oncogene and impeded the therapeutic efficacy of trametinib in PCa.

Abstract. Background:. Heterotaxy (HTX) is a thoracoabdominal organ anomaly syndrome and commonly accompanied by congenital heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to analyze rare copy number variations (CNVs) in a HTX/CHD cohort and to examine the potential mechanisms contributing to HTX/CHD. Methods:. Chromosome microarray analysis was used to identify rare CNVs in a cohort of 120 unrelated HTX/CHD patients, and available samples from parents were used to confirm the inheritance pattern. Potential candidate genes in CNVs region were prioritized via the DECIPHER database, and PNPLA4 was identified as the leading candidate gene. To validate, we generated PNPLA4-overexpressing human induced pluripotent stem cell lines as well as pnpla4-overexpressing zebrafish model, followed by a series of transcriptomic, biochemical and cellular analyses. Results:. Seventeen rare CNVs were identified in 15 of the 120 HTX/CHD patients (12.5%). Xp22.31 duplication was one of the inherited CNVs identified in this HTX/CHD cohort, and PNPLA4 in the Xp22.31 was a candidate gene associated with HTX/CHD. PNPLA4 is expressed in the lateral plate mesoderm, which is known to be critical for left/right embryonic patterning as well as cardiomyocyte differentiation, and in the neural crest cell lineage. Through a series of in vivo and in vitro analyses at the molecular and cellular levels, we revealed that the biological function of PNPLA4 is importantly involved in the primary cilia formation and function via its regulation of energy metabolism and mitochondria-mediated ATP production. Conclusions:. Our findings demonstrated a significant association between CNVs and HTX/CHD. Our data strongly suggested that an increased genetic dose of PNPLA4 due to Xp22.31 duplication is a disease-causing risk factor for HTX/CHD.

Four new norditerpenoid heterodimers with different dimerization patterns—namely, trigofragiloids A–C (denoted as compounds 1–3) and (+)- and (−)-trigofragiloid D (compound 4)—and three new phenanthrenone norditerpenoids—namely, trigofragiloids E–G (compounds 5–7)—were isolated from Trigonostemon fragilis. Compounds 1 and 2 feature a novel heterodimeric carbon skeleton formed by the conjugation of a tetra-norditerpenoid and an ennea-norditerpenoid; they have been identified as class 2 atropisomers by means of quantum chemical calculations. Compound 3 is an unprecedented phenylpropanoid–norditerpenoid adduct with a new dimerization pattern. Compounds (+)- and (−)-4 are the first example of S-shaped 1,4-dioxane-fused norditerpenoid dimers. Inspired by the structure elucidation of compound 4, two co-occurring analogues, actephilol A and epiactephilol A, were structurally revised as a pair of geometrical isomers and were identified as two pairs of enantiomers, (+)- and (−)-8 and (+)- and (−)-9, respectively. Their structures were characterized using a combined method. Notably, compound 7 exhibits remarkable adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase (ACLY) inhibition with a half-maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) value of (0.46 ± 0.11) μmol∙L−1, as active as the positive control BMS-303141, and a molecular docking study offers deep insight into the interaction between compound 7 and ACLY.

Background and objective Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a rare subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is featured by low incidence, high malignancy rate, robust aggressive behavior and inferior prognosis. To date, there is no standardized treatment. The aim of this study is to better understand and accumulate more clinical experience of the disease by summarizing the clinicopathological features, diagnosis methods, therapeutic regimen and prognostic factors of PSC. Methods A total of 39 patients with PSC who diagnosed and received treatment in Beijing Chest Hospital from December 2013 to December 2023 were retrospectively recruited, and information including demographic characteristics, clinicopathological features, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, diagnosis method and therapeutic regimen were carefully collected. Meanwhile, follow-up was conducted. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the prognostic factors of the disease. Results The PSC patients in this study ranged in age from 45 to 76 years old, including 35 males and 4 females. There were no specific clinical manifestations of PSC at initial diagnosis. Among the 39 patients, 20 underwent surgical resection and 19 received palliative chemoradiation or symptomatic supportive treatment. The 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 61.90% and 35.20% respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that family history of carcinoma, primary tumor site, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, whether or not received surgical resection, surgical method, treatment regimens, tumor tissue programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression ≥1% and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) pathway abnormalities were correlated with the overall survival (OS) of patients (P

Abstract Our previous clinical metabolomics study illustrated that energy metabolism disorder is an underlying pathogenesis mechanism for the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Supplementation of nicotinamide (NAM), the precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), may restore the energy metabolism homeostasis of ALD and thus serves as potential therapeutics to treat ALD. In this bedside‐to‐bench study, the protective effect of NAM against ALD was investigated by using the NIAAA mice model (chronic‐plus‐binge ethanol), and the liver regeneration boosting capability of NAM was evaluated by the partial hepatectomy mice model. Our results showed that NAM supplements not only protected the liver from alcohol‐induced injury and improved alcohol‐induced mitochondrial structure and function change, but also boosted liver regeneration in postpartial hepatectomy mice by increasing liver NAD+ content. These findings suggested that NAM, a water‐soluble form of vitamin B3, can promote liver regeneration and improves liver function by alleviating alcohol‐induced energy metabolism disorder.

According to the training objectives of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica specialty of Capital Medical University and the curriculum objectives of Chinese Materia Medica, closely contact the basic knowledge in the early stage and clinical practice in the late stage, integrate the curriculum content of Chinese Materia Medica, carry out the teaching practice of Chinese Materia Medica with the integration of Chinese Materia Medica and prescription training in combination with teaching methods such as problem-based learning medical record discussion and practice, prescription training and classical materia medica learning after class, and explain the teaching reform effect of Chinese Materia Medica based on the concept of "effective teaching" with classroom evaluation. The results suggest that the curriculum reform of Chinese Materia Medica combined with principle-method-recipe-medicinal is helpful to improve students’ independent learning ability, active participation enthusiasm and in-depth thinking in classroom and application ability of knowledge, and lays a good foundation for the study of later pharmaceutics and other courses.

Abstract Background Many personnel respond to natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis and frequent public health events like Ebola and COVID-19. However, research on emergency assistance personnel remains limited. This study aims to describe the perceived well-being among responders deployed in isolated or emergency international missions while providing practical references to intervene in developing similar missions. Methods For this qualitative phenomenological study, purposive sampling was used following the principle of maximum differentiation to select personnel deployed on an emergency mission for over a year. Data collection continued until data saturation. Phenomenologically semi-structured interviews helped explore the physical and psychological status of the participants with Colaizzi’s method. Results Eleven personnel were interviewed after the mission, with four major themes being identified: ‘perceived somatic change,’ ‘perceived emotional change,’ ‘behavioral change,’ and ‘coping with perceived change.’ Conclusions The mental health status of the emergency assistance personnel was affected by multiple factors from external and internal environments. The current study explored the physical and psychological feelings and emotions of emergency assistance personnel during an emergency mission. The study provided a practical reference for health management under similar missions. Registrations Not registered.

Abstract Gender role attitudes have been shown to play a critical role in individuals’ fertility intentions. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. The present study examined whether parental sacrifice mediates the relationship between gender role attitudes and fertility intentions, and whether subjective well-being plays a moderating role. A sample of 446 Chinese adults aged 18 to 45 (Mage = 32.78, SDage = 5.63, 60.93% female) completed the Gender Role Attitude Scale, Parental Sacrifice Scale, Index of Well-Being, and Fertility Attitude Scale. Multiple regression analyses showed that traditional gender role attitudes positively predicted fertility intentions, while egalitarian gender role attitudes negatively predicted fertility intentions. Moreover, parental sacrifice was found to partially mediate the relationship between gender role attitudes and fertility intentions. Additionally, subjective well-being was identified as a moderator of the mediating effect of parental sacrifice. Specifically, for individuals with low subjective well-being, parental sacrifice played a partially mediating role. However, for individuals with high subjective well-being, the mediating effect of parental sacrifice was not significant, and gender role attitudes directly influenced fertility intentions. This study adds to our understanding of the connection between gender role attitudes and fertility intentions of adults, providing important information for policymakers and professionals aiming to promote fertility intentions.

Myositis ossificans (MO) is characterized by benign heterotopic ossificans in soft tissues like muscles, which can be classified into nonhereditary MO and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Although MO has been studied for decades, no research reviewed and analyzed the features of publications in this field quantitatively and qualitatively. Using bibliometrics tools (bibliometrix R package, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace), we conducted a bibliometric analysis of 1280 articles regarding MO in the Web of Science Core Collection database from 1993 to 2022. The annual number of publications and related research areas in the MO field increased gradually in the past 20 years. The USA contributed the most percentage (42.58%) of articles. The University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) and the Journal Bone published the most articles among all institutions and journals. Kaplan FS and Shore EM from UPenn were the top two scholars who made the largest contributions to this field. Keyword analysis showed that research hotspots changed from traumatic MO and clinical management of MO to the genetic etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of FOP. This study can provide new insights into the research trends of MO and helps researchers grasp and determine future study directions more easily.

Abstract Adjuvant oxaliplatin plus S-1 (SOX) chemotherapy for gastric cancer (GC) after D2 gastrectomy has been proven effective. There has yet to be a study that evaluates adjuvant nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) plus S-1. In this single-center, retrospective study, GC patients after D2 gastrectomy received either nab-paclitaxel plus S-1 (AS group) or SOX group were recruited between January 2018 and December 2020 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University. Intravenous nab-paclitaxel 120 mg/m2 or 260 mg/m2 and oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 were administered as eight 3 week cycle, especially in the AS and SOX group. Patients received S-1 twice daily with a dose of 40 mg/m2 in the two groups on days 1–14 of each cycle. The end points were disease-free survival (DFS) rate at 3 years and adverse events (AEs). There were 56 eligible patients, 28 in the AS group and 35 in the SOX group. The 3 year DFS rate was 78.0% in AS group versus 70.7% in SOX group (p = 0.46). Subgroup analysis showed that the patients with signet-ring positive in the AS group had a prolonged DFS compared with the SOX group (40.0 vs. 13.8 m, p = 0.02). The diffuse-type GC or low differentiation in the AS group was associated with numerically prolonged DFS compared with the SOX group, but the association was not statistically significant (p = 0.27 and p = 0.15 especially). Leukopenia (14.3%) were the most prevalent AEs in the AS group, while thrombocytopenia (28.5%) in the SOX group. Neutropenia (7.1% in AS group) and thrombocytopenia (22.8% in SOX group) were the most common grade 3 or 4 AEs. In this study analyzing past data, a tendency towards a greater 3 year DFS was observed when using AS regimen in signet-ring positive patients. AS group had fewer thrombocytopenia compared to SOX group. More studies should be conducted with larger sample sizes.

The thermal damage of diamond and the residual stress have always been the critical issues to be resolved in the development of metal matrix diamond composites. In the presented study, FeCoCrNi high entropy alloys (HEAs)-diamond composites were fabricated by powder bed fusion-laser beam of metals (PBF-LB/M), using un-coated diamond and Ti–Ni coated diamond, respectively. Based on the numerical and experimental analysis, the effect of thermal-mechanical behavior on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the composites was systematically investigated. By establishing the temperature field of the PBF-LB molten pool, the defects, diamond graphitization and in-situ TiC formation were studied. The start-temperature for diamond graphitization in coated samples was 365 °C higher than that of un-coated samples, due to the diffusion barrier effect of TiC. Subsequently, by thermo-mechanical coupling, the property and value of the residual stress exhibited sudden change at the diamond/matrix interface. The TiC intermediate layer significantly relieved the stress concentration at interface, and effectively avoided cleavage fracture of the diamond and the initiation of interfacial cracks. At the moderate molten-pool temperature, the coated diamond composites exhibited optimal performance, as bending strength of 913 MPa, friction coefficient of 0.25 and worn mass loss of 0.67 mg. Finally, the quantitative relationship between PBF-LB molten-pool temperature and the relative density, graphitization degree, residual stress, retention(bending strength) and wear performance was established, to demonstrate the thermal-mechanical evolution of the HEAs-diamond composites by PBF-LB.

In this research, a straightforward template method was utilized to fabricate a superhydrophilic ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)/nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) surface where the paper sheet was used as template. Organic modified montmorillonite (OMMT) powder was introduced in order to improve the superhydrophilic response rate of the TPV surface. Investigations were conducted to research the durability and the self-cleaning behavior of the TPV surface, as well as to explore its potential application in the separation of oil-water and oil-oil mixtures. Experimental results demonstrated that the EVA/NBR/OMMT TPV (mass ratio 20/80/7) surface molded with No. 1000 paper sheet exhibited the excellent superhydrophilic property, which could achieve a contact angle of 0.0° within 5.5 s and had a surface energy of 35.6 mN·m–1. The superhydrophilic surface displayed the remarkable durability and the evident self-cleaning behavior; moreover, it could exhibit the significant difference in the critical pressure data for various liquids, suggesting the promising application in the field of oil-water and oil-oil separation.

Abstract IncX3 plasmids carrying the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-encoding gene, bla NDM-5, are rapidly spreading globally in both humans and animals. Given that carbapenems are listed on the WHO AWaRe watch group and are prohibited for use in animals, the drivers for the successful dissemination of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) carrying bla NDM-5-IncX3 plasmids still remain unknown. We observe that E. coli carrying bla NDM-5-IncX3 can persist in chicken intestines either under the administration of amoxicillin, one of the largest veterinary β-lactams used in livestock, or without any antibiotic pressure. We therefore characterise the bla NDM-5-IncX3 plasmid and identify a transcription regulator, VirBR, that binds to the promoter of the regulator gene actX enhancing the transcription of Type IV secretion systems (T4SS); thereby, promoting conjugation of IncX3 plasmids, increasing pili adhesion capacity and enhancing the colonisation of bla NDM-5-IncX3 transconjugants in animal digestive tracts. Our mechanistic and in-vivo studies identify VirBR as a major factor in the successful spread of bla NDM-5-IncX3 across one-health AMR sectors. Furthermore, VirBR enhances the plasmid conjugation and T4SS expression by the presence of copper and zinc ions, thereby having profound ramifications on the use of universal animal feeds.

Abstract Empathy enables understanding and sharing of others’ feelings. Human neuroimaging studies have identified critical brain regions supporting empathy for pain, including the anterior insula (AI), anterior cingulate (ACC), amygdala, and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). However, to date, the precise spatio-temporal profiles of empathic neural responses and inter-regional communications remain elusive. Here, using intracranial electroencephalography, we investigated electrophysiological signatures of vicarious pain perception. Others’ pain perception induced early increases in high-gamma activity in IFG, beta power increases in ACC, but decreased beta power in AI and amygdala. Vicarious pain perception also altered the beta-band-coordinated coupling between ACC, AI, and amygdala, as well as increased modulation of IFG high-gamma amplitudes by beta phases of amygdala/AI/ACC. We identified a necessary combination of neural features for decoding vicarious pain perception. These spatio-temporally specific regional activities and inter-regional interactions within the empathy network suggest a neurodynamic model of human pain empathy.

Abstract Backgrounds A growing body of evidence has highlighted the interactions of lipids metabolism and immune regulation. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of evidence regarding the causality between lipids and autoimmune diseases (ADs), as well as their possibility as drug targets for ADs. Objectives This study was conducted to comprehensively understand the casual associations between lipid traits and ADs, and evaluate the therapeutic possibility of lipid-lowering drug targets on ADs. Methods Genetic variants for lipid traits and variants encoding targets of various lipid-lowering drugs were derived from Global Lipid Genetics Consortium (GLGC) and verified in Drug Bank. Summary data of ADs were obtained from MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MER-IEU) database and FinnGen consortium, respectively. The causal inferences between lipid traits/genetic agents of lipid-lowering targets and ADs were evaluated by Mendelian randomization (MR), summary data-based MR (SMR), and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses. Enrichment analysis and protein interaction network were employed to reveal the functional characteristics and biological relevance of potential therapeutic lipid-lowering targets. Results There was no evidence of causal effects regarding 5 lipid traits and 9 lipid-lowering drug targets on ADs. Genetically proxied 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibition was associated with a reduced risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in both discovery (OR [odds ratio] = 0.45, 95%CI: 0.32, 0.63, P = 6.79 × 10− 06) and replicate datasets (OR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.23, 0.61, P = 7.81 × 10− 05). SMR analyses supported that genetically proxied HMGCR inhibition had causal effects on RA in whole blood (OR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.29, 0.82, P = 6.86 × 10− 03) and skeletal muscle sites (OR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.56, 0.99, P = 4.48 × 10− 02). After controlling for blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking alchohol, HMGCR suppression showed a direct causal effect on a lower risk of RA (OR = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.40, 0.96, P = 0.042). Conclusions Our study reveals causal links of genetically proxied HMGCR inhibition (lipid-lowering drug targets) and HMGCR expression inhibition with a decreased risk of RA, suggesting that HMGCR may serve as candidate drug targets for the treatment and prevention of RA.

Abstract Prevention of subsequent fracture is a major public health challenge in the field of osteoporosis prevention and treatment, and older women are at high risk for osteoporotic fractures. This study aimed to examine factors associated with subsequent fracture in older Chinese women with osteoporosis. We collected data on 9212 older female patients with osteoporotic fractures from 580 medical institutions in 31 provinces of China. Higher odds of subsequent fractures were associated with age of 70–79 years (OR 1.218, 95% CI 1.049–1.414), age ≥ 80 (OR 1.455, 95% CI 1.222–1.732), index fracture site was vertebrae (OR 1.472, 95% CI 1.194–1.815) and hip (OR 1.286, 95% CI 1.041–1.590), index fracture caused by fall (OR 1.822, 95% CI 1.281–2.591), strain (OR 1.587, 95% CI 1.178–2.139), no inducement (OR 1.541, 95% CI 1.043–2.277), and assessed as high risk of fracture (OR 1.865, 95% CI 1.439–2.416), BMD T-score ≤ −2.5 (OR 1.725, 95% CI 1.440–2.067), history of surgery (OR 3.941, 95% CI 3.475–4.471) and trauma (OR 8.075, 95% CI 6.941–9.395). Low risk of fall (OR 0.681, 95% CI 0.513–0.904), use of anti-osteoporosis medication (AOM, OR 0.801, 95% CI 0.693–0.926), and women who had received fall prevention health education (OR 0.583, 95% CI 0.465–0.730) associated with lower risk. The areas under the curve of the prediction model was 0.818. The sensitivity was 67.0% and the specificity was 82.0%. The prediction model showed a good ability to predict the risk of subsequent fracture in older women with osteoporotic fractures and are suitable for early self-measurement which may benefit post-fracture management.

Abstract Background The risk factors for subsequent fractures following an initial hip fracture are not entirely understood. This study examined the clinical characteristics of hip fracture patients to identify potential risk factors associated with a higher risk of experiencing subsequent fractures. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study using data from the Chinese PLA General Hospital Hip Fracture Cohort between January 2008 and March 2022. The cases were individuals who experienced subsequent fractures following an initial hip fracture. Each case was matched with up to 2 controls who did not develop subsequent fractures. Important clinical factors were compared across groups, including traditional fracture risk factors and potential risk factors (e.g., comorbidities, falls risk, physical impairment, calcium or vitamin D use, and anti-osteoporosis medications). Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the impact of these clinical features as potential risk factors for subsequent fractures. Results A total of 96 individuals who suffered from subsequent fractures were matched with 176 controls. The median time between the initial hip fracture and the subsequent fracture was 2.1 years. The overall proportion of patients receiving anti-osteoporosis treatment after initial hip fracture was 25.7%. In the multivariable regression analysis, living in a care facility (OR = 3.78, 95%CI: 1.53–9.34), longer hospital stays (OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.00–1.11), and falls after discharge (OR = 7.58, 95%CI: 3.37–17.04) were associated with higher odds of subsequent fractures. Conclusions This study showed that living in a care facility, longer hospital stays, and falls after discharge may be independent risk factors for repeat fractures following an initial hip fracture. These findings could be used to identify and manage patients at high risk of subsequent fractures.

Abstract Background Vitamin D was shown to directly exert a protective effect on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in our previous study. However, whether it has an effect on perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) or the intestinal flora and its metabolites (trimethylamine N-oxide, TMAO) is unclear. Methods DKD mice were received different concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3 for 2 weeks. Serum TNF-α levels and TMAO levels were detected. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze gut microbiota. qPCR was used to detect the expression of TLR4, NF-Κb, PGC1α, and UCP-1 in kidney and adipose tissue. Histological changes in kidney and perirenal adipose tissue were observed using HE, PAS, Masson and oil red staining. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of VDR, PGC1α, podocin, and UCP-1 in kidney and adipose tissue. Electron microscopy was used to observe the pathological changes in the kidney. VDR knockout mice were constructed to observe the changes in the gut and adipose tissue, and immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of UCP-1 and collagen IV in the kidney. Results 1,25-(OH)2D3 could improve the dysbiosis of the intestinal flora of mice with DKD, increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, decrease the abundance of harmful bacteria, reduce the pathological changes in the kidney, reduce fat infiltration, and downregulate the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in kidneys. The serum TMAO concentration in mice with DKD was significantly higher than that of the control group, and was significantly positively correlated with the urine ACR. In addition, vitamin D stimulated the expression of the surface markers PGC1α, UCP-1 and VDR in the PRAT in DKD mice, and TMAO downregulated the expression of PRAT and renal VDR. Conclusions The protective effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in DKD mice may affect the intestinal flora and its related metabolite TMAO on perirenal fat and kidneys.

Abstract The early screening of depression is highly beneficial for patients to obtain better diagnosis and treatment. While the effectiveness of utilizing voice data for depression detection has been demonstrated, the issue of insufficient dataset size remains unresolved. Therefore, we propose an artificial intelligence method to effectively identify depression. The wav2vec 2.0 voice-based pre-training model was used as a feature extractor to automatically extract high-quality voice features from raw audio. Additionally, a small fine-tuning network was used as a classification model to output depression classification results. Subsequently, the proposed model was fine-tuned on the DAIC-WOZ dataset and achieved excellent classification results. Notably, the model demonstrated outstanding performance in binary classification, attaining an accuracy of 0.9649 and an RMSE of 0.1875 on the test set. Similarly, impressive results were obtained in multi-classification, with an accuracy of 0.9481 and an RMSE of 0.3810. The wav2vec 2.0 model was first used for depression recognition and showed strong generalization ability. The method is simple, practical, and applicable, which can assist doctors in the early screening of depression.

In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on semen parameters. The study comprised 110 sperm volunteers who self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection from the Human Sperm Bank of the Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University (Jinan, China). The volunteers had normal sperm concentration before infection. Each volunteer provided semen samples before and after infection. We selected 90 days after infection as the cutoff point. Semen parameters within 90 days after infection of 109 volunteers (group A) were compared with semen parameters before infection. Moreover, semen parameters on or after 90 days after infection of 36 volunteers (group B) were compared with semen parameters before infection. Furthermore, based on whether the volunteers had completed the three-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination booster, volunteers in group A and B were further divided into two subgroups separately. Semen parameters were compared before and after infection in each subgroup. Our results showed that in this cohort population, the semen quality in volunteers with normal sperm concentrations before infection decreased after SARS-CoV-2 infection within 90 days, while the semen quality returned to preinfection levels after 90 days. The completion of a three-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination booster may exert a protective effect on semen quality after infection.

Abstract To address the challenges posed by diverse pattern-background elements, intricate details, and complex textures in the semantic segmentation of ethnic clothing patterns, this research introduces a novel semantic segmentation network model called MST-Unet (Mixed Swin Transformer U-net). The proposed model combines a U-shaped network structure with multiple attention mechanisms. The upper layers of the model employ classical convolutional operations, focusing on local relationships in the initial layers containing high-resolution details. In deeper layers, Swin Transformer modules are utilized, capable of efficient feature extraction with smaller spatial dimensions, maintaining performance while reducing computational burden. An attention gate mechanism is integrated into the decoder, contributing to enhanced performance in ethnic clothing pattern segmentation tasks by allowing the model to better capture crucial image features and achieve precise segmentation results. In visual comparisons of segmentation results, our proposed model demonstrates superior performance. The segmentation results exhibit more complete preservation of edge contours and fewer misclassifications in irrelevant regions within the images. In qualitative and quantitative experiments conducted on the ethnic clothing pattern dataset, our model achieves the highest Dice score for segmentation results in all four subclasses of ethnic clothing patterns. The average Dice score of our model reaches an impressive 89.80%, surpassing other algorithms in the same category. When compared to Deeplab_V3+, ResUnet, SwinUnet, and Unet networks, our model outperforms them by 7.72%, 5.09%, 5.05%, and 0.67%.

Abstract Background Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising therapy for refractory Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). However, its long-term efficacy, safety, and recommended surgical age remain controversial, requiring evidence to compare different age categories. Methods This retrospective cohort study recruited 102 GTS patients who underwent DBS between October 2006 and April 2022 at two national centers. Patients were divided into two age categories: children (aged 0.05), and the children group received significantly higher improvement in GTS-QOL scores than adults (55.9% vs. 47.9%, p = 0.049). Conclusions DBS showed acceptable long-term efficacy and safety for both children and adults with GTS. Surgeries performed for patients younger than 18 years seemed to show acceptable long-term efficacy and safety and were not associated with increased risks of loss of benefit compared to patients older than 18 at the time of surgery. However, surgeries for children should also be performed cautiously to ensure their refractoriness and safety.

Abstract Near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging is a powerful technique that enables the capture of three-dimensional (3D) spectra-spatial information within the NIR spectral range, offering a wide array of applications. However, the high cost associated with InGaAs focal plane array (FPA) has impeded the widespread adoption of NIR hyperspectral imaging. Addressing this challenge, in this study, we adopt an alternative approach—single-pixel detection for NIR hyperspectral imaging. Our investigation reveals that single-pixel detection outperforms conventional FPA, delivering a superior signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for both spectral and imaging reconstruction. To implement this strategy, we leverage self-assembled colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) and a digital micromirror device (DMD) for NIR spectral and spatial information multiplexing, complemented by single-pixel detection for simultaneous spectral and image reconstruction. Our experimental results demonstrate successful NIR hyperspectral imaging with a detection window about 600 nm and an average spectral resolution of 8.6 nm with a pixel resolution of 128 × 128. The resulting spectral and spatial data align well with reference instruments, which validates the effectiveness of our approach. By circumventing the need for expensive and bulky FPA and wavelength selection components, our solution shows promise in advancing affordable and accessible NIR hyperspectral imaging technologies, thereby expanding the range of potential applications.

Abstract This study investigated the correlation of newly identified inflammatory and insulin resistance indices with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), and explored their potential to differentiate CAA from hypertensive arteriopathy (HA). We retrospectively analyzed 514 consecutive patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD)-related haemorrhage, comparing the differences in novel inflammatory and insulin resistance indices between patients with CAA and HA. Univariate regression, LASSO and multivariate regression were used to screen variables and construct a classification diagnosis nomogram. Additionally, these biomarkers were explored in patients with mixed haemorrhagic CSVD. Inflammatory indices were higher in CAA patients, whereas insulin resistance indices were higher in HA patients. Further analysis identified neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR, OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07–1.30, P

Abstract Background Few studies have assessed the burden of mental disorders among children and adolescents considering the impact of co-morbidities and suicide on disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Methods This was a multicenter cross-sectional study. Our survey data in Liaoning Province (LN) were used to estimate the burden of six mental disorders, supplemented with data from other investigative studies conducted in China to assess four other disorders. DALYs were derived from the sum of years lived with a disability (YLDs) adjusted for co-morbidities, and the years of life lost (YLLs) adjusted for suicide. The changes in DALYs, YLDs, and YLLs were compared with and without adjustment for co-morbidities and suicide. Results The DALYs rate of mental disorders among children and adolescents in LN decreased from 1579.6/105 to 1391.4/105, after adjusting for both co-morbidities and suicide (-11.9%). The DALYs rate for major depression, anxiety disorder, and conduct disorder (-80.8/105, -75.0/105 and -30.2/105, respectively) were the top three contributors to the DALYs reduction (-188.2/105). The YLDs decreased from 72724.8 to 62478.5 after co-morbidity adjustment (-17.8%), mainly due to the reduction by major depression (-35.3%) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] (-34.2%). The YLLs increased from 130 to 1697.8 after adjusting for suicides (+ 56.9% of all suicide YLLs), mainly due to the contribution of major depression (+ 32.4%) and anxiety disorder (+ 10.4%). Compared to GBD 2010, the estimated DALY rate for mental disorders in LN was to be about 80%, with the proportion of DALYs and DALY rates explained by major depressive disorder accounted for only approximately one-third (14.6% vs. 41.9% and 202.6 vs. 759.9, respectively). But the proportion and absolute level of DALY rates explained by anxiety disorders were approximately 2-fold higher (39.7% vs. 19.6% and 552.2 vs. 323.3, respectively). Conclusions The DALYs of mental disorders among Chinese children and adolescents were approximately 80% of the global level, with anxiety disorders imposing about 2 times the global level. Co-morbidity and suicide must be adjusted when calculating DALYs.

Abstract The thickness of the scintillation films in indirect X−ray detectors can significantly influence their luminescence intensity. However, due to the scattering and attenuation of incoherent photons, thick scintillation films tend to reduce light yield. Herein, a highly transparent perovskite glass−ceramic scintillation film, in which the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals are in-situ grown inside a transparent amorphous polymer structure, is designed to achieve ultrastable and efficient X-ray imaging. The crystal coordination−topology growth and in−situ film formation strategy is proposed to control the crystal growth and film thickness, which can prevent light scattering and non−uniform distribution of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals while providing sufficient film thickness to absorb X−ray, thus enabling a high−quality glass−ceramic scintillator without agglomeration and Ostwald ripening. This glass−ceramic scintillation film with a thickness of 250 μm achieves a low detection limit of 326 nGyair s−1 and a high spatial resolution of 13.9 lp mm−1. More importantly, it displays remarkable scintillation stability under X−ray irradiation (radiation intensity can still reach 95% at 278 μGyair s−1 for 3600 s), water soaking (150 days), and high−temperature storage (150 days at 60 °C). Hence, this work presents a approach to construct ultrastable and flexible scintillation films for X−ray imaging with reduced light scattering and improved resolution.

Abstract Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used in treatment planning due to its superior soft tissue contrast, which is useful for tumor and soft tissue delineation compared to computed tomography (CT). However, MRI cannot directly provide mass density or relative stopping power (RSP) maps, which are required for calculating proton radiotherapy doses. Therefore, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into MRI-based treatment planning to estimate mass density and RSP directly from MRI has generated significant interest. A deep learning (DL) based framework was developed to establish a voxel-wise correlation between MR images and mass density as well as RSP. To facilitate the study, five tissue substitute phantoms were created, representing different tissues such as skin, muscle, adipose tissue, 45% hydroxyapatite (HA), and spongiosa bone. The composition of these phantoms was based on information from ICRP reports. Additionally, two animal tissue phantoms, simulating pig brain and liver, were prepared for DL training purposes. The phantom study involved the development of two DL models. The first model utilized clinical T1 and T2 MRI scans as input, while the second model incorporated zero echo time (ZTE) MRI scans. In the patient application study, two more DL models were trained: one using T1 and T2 MRI scans as input, and another model incorporating synthetic dual-energy computed tomography (sDECT) images to provide accurate bone tissue information. The DECT empirical model was used as a reference to evaluate the proposed models in both phantom and patient application studies. The DECT empirical model was selected as the reference for evaluating the proposed models in both phantom and patient application studies. In the phantom study, the DL model based on T1, and T2 MRI scans demonstrated higher accuracy in estimating mass density and RSP for skin, muscle, adipose tissue, brain, and liver. The mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) were 0.42%, 0.14%, 0.19%, 0.78%, and 0.26% for mass density, and 0.30%, 0.11%, 0.16%, 0.61%, and 0.23% for RSP, respectively. The DL model incorporating ZTE MRI further improved the accuracy of mass density and RSP estimation for 45% HA and spongiosa bone, with MAPE values of 0.23% and 0.09% for mass density, and 0.19% and 0.07% for RSP, respectively. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using an MRI-only approach combined with DL methods for mass density and RSP estimation in proton therapy treatment planning. By employing this approach, it is possible to obtain the necessary information for proton radiotherapy directly from MRI scans, eliminating the need for additional imaging modalities.

Abstract Spatial Kramers-Kronig (KK) media offer a possible route to obtain omnidirectional light absorption within a thin layer of material. However, the experimental realizations are typically limited to a specific polarization, i.e., either transverse electric (TE) or transverse magnetic (TM), hence lacking specific implementations for the absorption of unpolarized light. In this work, we propose theoretically and demonstrate experimentally a polarization-independent KK medium which performs omnidirectional reflectionless absorption for both TE and TM polarized waves. Our design makes use of a special matryoshka metamaterial, whose electric and magnetic responses can be independently controlled with minimized crosstalk. To extend the absorption spectrum, the inner truncation boundary of the KK medium is set at a position far away from the spatial Lorentz resonance, where the constitutive parameter of the metamaterial remains unitary over a broad frequency band. A mini anechoic chamber, 6.83-wavelength in diameter, is constructed using the designed annulus-shaped KK medium. The measured fields for both TE and TM polarizations confirm the polarization-independent omnidirectional and nearly reflectionless absorption in a broadband frequency range.

On December 18, 2023, an Ms 6.2 earthquake occurred in Jishishan, Gansu Province, China. This earthquake happened in the eastern region of the Qilian Orogenic Belt, which is situated at the forefront of the NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau (i.e., Qinghai–Tibet Plateau), encompassing a rhombic-shaped area that intersects the Qilian–Qaidam Basin, Alxa Block, Ordos Block, and South China Block. In this study, we analyzed the deep tectonic pattern of the Jishishan earthquake by incorporating data on the crustal thickness, velocity structure, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) strain field, and anisotropy. We discovered that the location of the earthquake was related to changes in the crustal structure. The results showed that the Jishishan Ms 6.2 earthquake occurred in a unique position, with rapid changes in the crustal thickness, Vp/Vs, phase velocity, and S-wave velocity. The epicenter of the earthquake was situated at the transition zone between high and low velocities and was in proximity to a low-velocity region. Additionally, the source area is flanked by two high-velocity anomalies from the east and west. The principal compressive strain orientation near the Lajishan Fault is primarily in the NNE and NE directions, which align with the principal compressive stress direction in this region. In some areas of the Lajishan Fault, the principal compressive strain orientations show the NNW direction, consistent with the direction of the upper crustal fast-wave polarization from local earthquakes and the phase velocity azimuthal anisotropy. These features underscore the relationship between the occurrence of the Jishishan Ms 6.2 earthquake and the deep inhomogeneous structure and deep tectonic characteristics. The NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau was thickened by crustal extension in the process of northeastward expansion, and the middle and lower crustal materials underwent structural deformation and may have been filled with salt-containing fluids during the extension process. The presence of this weak layer makes it easier for strong earthquakes to occur through the release of overlying rigid crustal stresses. However, it is unlikely that an earthquake of comparable or larger magnitude would occur in the short term (e.g., in one year) at the Jishishan east margin fault.

The extraction, isolation, purification, and structural characterization of proso millet bran polysaccharides (MBP), as well as its antibacterial activity were conducted to provide a reference for the development and utilization of nutrients in the processing byproducts of millet. An alkali extraction and alcohol precipitation method was used to extract the polysaccharides. Subsequent purification was achieved through column chromatography utilizing DEAE-50 and Sephadex G-100. Structural analysis of the millet bran polysaccharides was performed using a combination of techniques, including HPLC chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the molecular weight of MBP was determined to be 3.479×104 Da. The monosaccharide composition was exhibited a molar ratio of mannose:rhamnose:glucose:galactose:arabinose:xylose=0.11:0.13:5.86:0.62:1.00:0.52. Moreover, MBP was identified as a β-type pyranose polysaccharide and exhibits remarkable thermal stability. In terms of morphology, MBP was laminated, closely connected, and had no crystal structure. The antibacterial assay unveiled the minimum inhibitory concentration of MBP against Staphylococcus aureus was 2 mg/mL. This study showed that the polysaccharides from proso millet bran had good antibacterial ability.

Abstract Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells that first respond to insults in circulation. Although associative evidence suggests that differences in neutrophils may be linked to the sex-specific vulnerability of inflammatory diseases, mechanistic links remain elusive. Here, we identified extensive sex-specific heterogeneity in neutrophil composition under normal and auto-inflammatory conditions at single-cell resolution. Using a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, neutrophil-specific genetic knockouts and transfer experiments, we discovered dysregulation of two unconventional (interferon-α responsive and T cell regulatory) neutrophil subsets leading to male-biased incidence, severity and poor prognosis of auto-inflammatory Behçet’s uveitis. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) and exosome study revealed that male-specific negative effects of both genetic factors and circulating exosomes on unconventional neutrophil subsets contributed to male-specific vulnerability to disease. Collectively, our findings identify sex-specifically distinct neutrophil subsets and highlight unconventional neutrophil subsets as sex-specific therapeutic targets to limit inflammatory diseases.

To explore the visual attention effect of miners’ safety signs under the mixed conditions of illumination environment and cognitive characteristics of three safety signs, a two-factor analysis of variance was conducted on the eye movement indicator data during the recognition process. This study simulated twelve different mixed environment conditions and analyzed visual attention effects through eye tracking data. The results showed that the illumination environment had a significant impact on eye movement indicators, and the low illumination environment havs a more significant impact; familiarity has a significant impact on the recognition process, meaningfulness significantly affects the cognitive load of first gaze, and simplicity has little effect on cognitive load. Light has a greater impact on the recognition of safety signs. In high light environments, low cognitive feature levels are often more difficult to identify. Therefore, in safety management, attention should be paid to the investigation of safety hazards.

This paper presents a selective review of statistical computation methods for massive data analysis. A huge amount of statistical methods for massive data computation have been rapidly developed in the past decades. In this work, we focus on three categories of statistical computation methods: (1) distributed computing, (2) subsampling methods, and (3) minibatch gradient techniques. The first class of literature is about distributed computing and focuses on the situation, where the dataset size is too huge to be comfortably handled by one single computer. In this case, a distributed computation system with multiple computers has to be utilized. The second class of literature is about subsampling methods and concerns about the situation, where the blacksample size of dataset is small enough to be placed on one single computer but too large to be easily processed by its memory as a whole. The last class of literature studies those minibatch gradient related optimization techniques, which have been extensively used for optimizing various deep learning models.

Abstract Carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanoplatelets, graphene oxide, and carbon quantum dots, have many possible end-use applications due to their ability to impart unique mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties to cement composites. Despite this potential, these materials are rarely used in the construction industry due to high material costs and limited data on performance and durability. In this study, domestic coal is used to fabricate low-cost carbon nanomaterials that can be used economically in cement formulations. A range of chemical and physical processing approaches are employed to control the size, morphology, and chemical functionalization of the carbon nanomaterial, which improves its miscibility with cement formulations and its impact on mechanical properties and durability. At loadings of 0.01 to 0.07 wt.% of coal-derived carbon nanomaterial, the compressive and flexural strength of cement samples are enhanced by 24% and 23%, respectively, in comparison to neat cement. At loadings of 0.02 to 0.06 wt.%, the compressive and flexural strength of concrete composites increases by 28% and 21%, respectively, in comparison to neat samples. Additionally, the carbon nanomaterial additives studied in this work reduce cement porosity by 36%, permeability by 86%, and chloride penetration depth by 60%. These results illustrate that low-loadings of coal-derived carbon nanomaterial additives can improve the mechanical properties, durability, and corrosion resistance of cement composites.

Abstract Introduction In recent years, insulin eye drops have attracted increasing attention from researchers and ophthalmologists. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and possible mechanism of action of insulin eye drops in diabetic mice with corneal wounds. Methods A type 1 diabetes model was induced, and a corneal epithelial injury model of 2.5 mm was established. We used corneal fluorescein staining, hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining and the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer to examine the process of wound healing. Subsequently, the expression levels of Ki-67, IL-1β, β3-tubulin and neuropeptides, including substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), were examined at 72 h after corneal injury. Results Fluorescein staining demonstrated an acceleration of the recovery of corneal epithelial injury in diabetic mice compared with the saline treatment, which was further evidenced by the overexpression of Ki-67. Moreover, 72 h of insulin application attenuated the expression of inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil infiltration. Remarkably, the results demonstrated that topical insulin treatment enhanced the density of corneal epithelial nerves, as well as neuropeptide SP and CGRP release, in the healing cornea via immunofluorescence staining. Conclusions Our results indicated that insulin eye drops may accelerate corneal wound healing and decrease inflammatory responses in diabetic mice by promoting nerve regeneration and increasing levels of neuropeptides SP and CGRP.

Abstract Background Scientific research activity in hospitals is important for promoting the development of clinical medicine, and the scientific literacy of medical staff plays an important role in improving the quality and competitiveness of hospital research. To date, no index system applicable to the scientific literacy of medical staff in China has been developed that can effectively evaluate and guide scientific literacy. This study aimed to establish an index system for the scientific literacy of medical staff in China and provide a reference for improving the evaluation of this system. Methods In this study, a preliminary indicator pool for the scientific literacy of medical staff was constructed through the nominal group technique (n = 16) with medical staff. Then, two rounds of Delphi expert consultation surveys (n = 20) were conducted with clinicians, and the indicators were screened, revised and supplemented using the boundary value method and expert opinions. Next, the hierarchical analysis method was utilized to determine the weights of the indicators and ultimately establish a scientific literacy indicator system for medical staff. Results Following expert opinion, the index system for the scientific literacy of medical staff featuring 2 first-level indicators, 9 second-level indicators, and 38 third-level indicators was ultimately established, and the weights of the indicators were calculated. The two first-level indicators were research literacy and research ability, and the second-level indicators were research attitude (0.375), ability to identify problems (0.2038), basic literacy (0.1250), ability to implement projects (0.0843), research output capacity (0.0747), professional capacity (0.0735), data-processing capacity (0.0239), thesis-writing skills (0.0217), and ability to use literature (0.0181). Conclusions This study constructed a comprehensive scientific literacy index system that can assess medical staff's scientific literacy and serve as a reference for evaluating and improving their scientific literacy.

Identification of the S genotype of Malus plants will greatly promote the discovery of new genes, the cultivation and production of apple, the breeding of new varieties, and the origin and evolution of self-incompatibility in Malus plants. In this experiment, 88 Malus germplasm resources, such as Aihuahong, Xishuhaitang, and Reguanzi, were used as materials. Seven gene-specific primer combinations were used in the genotype identification. PCR amplification using leaf DNA produced a single S-RNase gene fragment in all materials. The results revealed that 70 of the identified materials obtained a complete S-RNase genotype, while only one S-RNase gene was found in 18 of them. Through homology comparison and analysis, 13 S-RNase genotypes were obtained: S1S2 (Aihuahong, etc.), S1S28 (Xixian Haitang, etc.), S1S51 (Hebei Pingdinghaitang), S1S3 (Xiangyangcun Daguo, etc.), S2S3 (Zhaiyehaitang, etc.), S3S51 (Xishan 1), S3S28 (Huangselihaerde, etc.), S2S28 (Honghaitang, etc.), S4S28 (Bo 11), S7S28 (Jiuquan Shaguo), S10Se (Dongchengguan 13), S10S21 (Dongxiangjiao) and SeS51 (Xiongyue Haitang). Simultaneously, the frequency of the S gene in the tested materials was analyzed. The findings revealed that different S genes had varying frequencies in Malus resources, as well as varying frequencies between intraspecific and interspecific. S3 had the highest frequency of 68.18%, followed by S1 (42.04%). In addition, the phylogenetic tree and origin evolution analysis revealed that the S gene differentiation was completed prior to the formation of various apple species, that cultivated species also evolved new S genes, and that the S50 gene is the oldest S allele in Malus plants. The S1, S29, and S33 genes in apple-cultivated species, on the other hand, may have originated in M. sieversii, M. hupehensis, and M. kansuensis, respectively. In addition to M. sieversii, M. kansuensis and M. sikkimensis may have also played a role in the origin and evolution of some Chinese apples.

Abstract Purpose To analyze and study the clinical efficacy and imaging indexes of oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) in the treatment of lumbar intervertebral foramen stenosis(LFS) caused by different causes. Method 33 patients with LFS treated with OLIF from January 2018 to May 2022 were reviewed. Oswestry Dysfunction Index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were calculated before and after operation. Segmental lordotic angle (SLA), lumbar lordotic angle (LLA) and segmental scoliosis angle (SSA), disc height (DH), posterior disc height (PDH), lateral disc height (LDH), foraminal height (FH), foramen width (FW) and foraminal cross-sectional area (FSCA) were measured before and after operation. Result The VAS and ODI after operation were significantly improved as compared with those before operation. Compared with pre-operation, the DH, PHD increased by 67.6%, 94.6%, LDH increased by 107.4% (left), 101.7% (right), and FH increased by 30.2% (left), 34.5% (right). The FSCA increased by 93.1% (left), 89.0% (right), and the FW increased by 137.0% (left), 149.6% (right). The postoperative SSA was corrected by 74.5%, the postoperative SLA, LLA were corrected by 70.2%, 38.1%, respectively. All the imaging indexes were significantly improved (p

Abstract Resistance to androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors, including enzalutamide (Enz), as well as bone metastasis, are major challenges for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatment. In this study, we identified that miR26a can restore Enz sensitivity and inhibit bone metastatic CRPC. To achieve the highest combination effect of miR26a and Enz, we developed a cancer-targeted nano-system (Bm@PT/Enz-miR26a) using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) membrane and T140 peptide to co-deliver Enz and miR26a. The in vitro/in vivo results demonstrated that miR26a can reverse Enz resistance and synergistically shrink tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis (especially secondary metastasis) in both subcutaneous and bone metastatic CRPC mouse models. We also found that the EZH2/SFRP1/WNT5A axis may be involved in this role. These findings open new avenues for treating bone metastatic and Enz-resistant CRPC.

Walnut oil is a functional wood oil known to researchers that may potentially be a large source of Chinese edible oils. There are various extraction methods for walnut oil, including traditional (pressing, solvent- and enzyme-assisted extraction) and novel methods (microwave, ultrasound, supercritical CO2, subcritical and other extraction technologies). Walnut oil is rich in nutrients, including phytosterols, tocopherols, polyphenols, squalene and minerals. It provides many health benefits, such as antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and lipid metabolism-related functions. In addition, the authentication of walnut oil has received much research attention. The present review provides detailed research on walnut oil extraction, composition, health benefits and adulteration identification methods. The path toward further walnut oil improvement in the context of the market value of walnut oil is also discussed.

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are vital regulators of tumor pathogenesis, including that of retinoblastoma (Rb). This study investigated the functions and mechanisms of action of miR-889-3p in Rb. BMPR2 and miR-889-3p levels were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) or western blotting. Through several cell function tests, the effects of miR-889-3p and BMPR2 on cell proliferation, migration, and JNK/MAPK/ERK signaling were evaluated. The interaction between miR-889-3p and BMPR2 was investigated using a luciferase reporter assay. In vivo tumor development was investigated using a xenograft test. The association between miR-889-3p and BMPR2 expression was identified using Pearson’s correlation analysis. miR-889-3p was increased in Rb cells, and miR-889-3p knockdown inhibited Rb cell proliferation, migration, and phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and ERK1/2 in vitro, as well as tumor growth in vivo. Further, they were inversely associated in Rb tissues and miR-889-3p may directly attached to the 3′-UTR of BMPR2 mRNA. Finally, the inhibition of BMPR2 inverted the negative effects of the miR-889-3p inhibitor on migration, proliferation, and activation of JNK, p38 MAPK, and ERK1/2 in Rb cells. Our results indicate that miR-889-3p, which targets BMPR2 and promotes Rb growth by controlling the JNK/MAPK/ERK pathway, is an oncogene in Rb. These results suggested that the miR-889-3p/BMPR2 axis may be a new therapeutic target for Rb.

Abstract Background Indian jointvetch (Aeschynomene indica) is a common and pernicious weed found in the upland direct-seeding rice fields in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. However, there are few reports on the degree of harm, genetic characteristics, and management methods of this weed. The purpose of this study is to clarify the harm of Indian jointvetch to upland direct-seeding rice, analyze the genetic characteristics of this weed based on chloroplast genomics and identify its related species, and screen herbicides that are effective in managing this weed in upland direct-seeding rice fields. Results In a field investigation in upland direct-seeding rice paddies in Shanghai and Jiangsu, we determined that the plant height and maximum lateral distance of Indian jointvetch reached approximately 134.2 cm and 57.9 cm, respectively. With Indian jointvetch present at a density of 4/m2 and 8/m2, the yield of rice decreased by approximately 50% and 70%, respectively. We further obtained the first assembly of the complete chloroplast (cp.) genome sequence of Indian jointvetch (163,613 bp). There were 161 simple sequence repeats, 166 long repeats, and 83 protein-encoding genes. The phylogenetic tree and inverted repeat region expansion and contraction analysis based on cp. genomes demonstrated that species with closer affinity to A. indica included Glycine soja, Glycine max, and Sesbania cannabina. Moreover, a total of 3281, 3840, and 3838 single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in the coding sequence regions of the cp. genomes of S. cannabina voucher IBSC, G. soja, and G. max compared with the A. indica sequence, respectively. A greenhouse pot experiment indicated that two pre-emergence herbicides, saflufenacil and oxyfluorfen, and two post-emergence herbicides, florpyrauxifen-benzyl and penoxsulam, can more effectively manage Indian jointvetch than other common herbicides in paddy fields. The combination of these two types of herbicides is recommended for managing Indian jointvetch throughout the entire growth period of upland direct-seeding rice. Conclusions This study provides molecular resources for future research focusing on the identification of the infrageneric taxa, phylogenetic resolution, and biodiversity of Leguminosae plants, along with recommendations for reliable management methods to control Indian jointvetch.

Abstract Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is generally considered to be closely related to cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), leading to a poor prognosis. However, the coexistence of ICH in general CSVD patients and related factors remain underreported. In our cross-sectional study, we screened 414 CSVD patients from a database at the Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (September 2018 to April 2022). Imaging biomarkers of CSVD and coexisting ICH lesion were assessed. Factors associated with coexisting ICH in CSVD were determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. ICH was observed in 59 patients (14.3%). Multivariate logistic regression showed that previous history of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (OR 5.189, 95%CI 2.572–10.467, P 10) (OR 2.051, 95%CI 1.044–4.027, P = 0.037) and low adjusted calcium-phosphorus product (OR 0.728 per 1 [mmol/L]2 increase, 95%CI 0.531–0.998, P = 0.049) were associated with coexisting ICH in CSVD patients. The considerable proportion of coexisting ICH and revelation of associated factors in general CSVD patients alert physicians of the potential risk of the reoccurrence of ICH, and might have a significant impact on therapeutic strategies.

Abstract Macrophages act as the first immune defense line of the host against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). A previous study showed that circRNA_SLC8A1 was significantly upregulated in Mtb-infected macrophages, but its regulatory mechanism in anti-tuberculosis infection is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of circRNA_SLC8A1 in the anti-tuberculosis activity of macrophages. We showed that circRNA_SLC8A1 was upregulated in tuberculosis patients. Moreover, the binding sites of miR-20b-5p on circRNA_SLC8A1 and Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) mRNA were predicted by StarBase and verified by the double luciferase reporter gene assay. Next, we found that miR-20b-5p expression was decreased, while SQSTM1 protein expression was increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner in the human macrophage U937 in response to Mtb infection. Furthermore, circRNA_SLC8A1 overexpression vector (circRNA_SLC8A1) or shRNA (sh-circRNA_SLC8A1) and/or miR-20b-5p mimic or inhibitor and/or SQSTM1 overexpression vector (SQSTM1) or small interfering RNA (si-SQSTM1) or its corresponding control were transfected into Mtb-infected macrophages. Results showed that overexpression of circRNA_SLC8A1 or miR-20b-5p inhibitor promoted the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, increased Nitric Oxide (NO) content and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, inhibited Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Cleaved-caspase-3 protein expression, and cell apoptosis, and promoted Mtb survival. Silencing SQSTM1 inhibited secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and activation of the NF-κB pathway. Overexpression of miR‐20b‐5p blocked the promoting of circ‐SLC8A1 on SQSTM1 protein expression. In summary, circRNA_SLC8A1 sponged miR‐20b‐5p to upregulate SQSTM1/p62 expression and promoted Mtb survival in macrophages through the NF-κB signaling pathway.

ABSTRACT Objective In this study, we employed a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the independent causal associations of six body composition traits with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods Genome‐wide significant levels (P

This study was to conducted to investigate the effect of red clover isoflavones on the health indicated by immune status and blood biochemistry in dairy cows. Sixty-eight healthy Holstein lactating cows were randomly divided into four treatments (n = 17 per treatment) from 5 blocks according to milk yield using a randomized complete block design. No initial differences in parity (2.13 ± 1.21), days in milk (165 ± 21 d), and milk yield (33.93 ± 3.81 kg/d) between groups. Cows were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0, 2, 4, or 8 g/kg red clover extract (RCE) in diet (dry matter based). Feeding, refusal feed weights, and milk yield were recorded three consecutive days in weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12. Blood was collected from the tail vein of the cows on the last day of weeks 4, 8 and 12, 1 h after the morning feeding, and analyzed for hormones, immunoglobulins, inflammatory markers, and markers of liver and kidney activities. The dry matter intake was significantly decreased by 3.7% in the 8 g/kg group (P 0.05). These results recommend the supplementation of RCE at a level from 2 to 4 g/kg DM.