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Abstract This paper examines the impact of environmental decentralization on the export domestic value-added rate of enterprises using combined data from 2000–2014 from China Industrial Enterprise Database, China Customs Database, WIOD, China Environment Yearbook and China Enterprise Patent Database. The research findings show that the overall environmental decentralization has an inverted U-shaped impact on enterprises’ export DVAR, with 94.4% of the sample in the promotion interval. 73.2% of ordinary trade enterprises and 85.7% of processing trade enterprises are in the suppressive interval of the U-shaped impact of administrative decentralization; 69.2% of ordinary trade enterprises are in the suppressive interval of the U-shaped impact of monitoring decentralization, and 85.7% of processing trade enterprises are in the promotion range of the inverted U-shaped impact; 66.0% of ordinary trade enterprises and 86.7% of processing trade enterprises are in the suppression range of the U-shaped impact of monitoring decentralization. In addition, cost markup and R&D innovation as mediating variables are important transmission channels for environmental decentralization to influence enterprises’ export DVAR.

Promoting urban integration is the key to improving the efficiency of labor allocation in developing countries and promoting coordinated regional development. Using the data of the migrants' observation sample in 2012–2017 released by China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this paper draws on theories related to urban integration and labor migration to study the urban integration status, intention of settlement and residence in China's agricultural household labor force in depth, as well as the correlation between the two. The study finds a significant decline in the intention of settlement and a gradual increase in the intention of residence among the migrants. The empirical regressions suggest that good urban integration, especially psychological integration, mainly contributes to their intention of settlement and residence, while the intention of residence is also more influenced by the social and economic integration dimensions. The mediating effect tests reveal that income level and housing stability are key pathways to economic integration, public medical participation and accessibility to medical services are key pathways to health integration, social status and local attachment are key pathways to social integration, and identity affiliation and psychological assimilation are key pathways to psychological integration. Future urbanization in developing countries requires not only further reform of the household registration system but also government, business, and social organizations at all levels to reduce the difficulties of urban integration in economic, health, social, and psychological aspects, enhance the degree of urban integration of the migrants, increase the intention of the migrants to settle and stay in different places and avoid the ''migratory bird'' migration of labor between regions. The ''migratory bird'' migration between regions is avoided.

This study examines the impact of farmers' risk perceptions on their decision to transfer-out farmland, as well as the variations in this influence based on different risk preferences. The research utilizes survey data from 1389 farmers in rural China. By expanding the decision-making model for farmer households within the context of risk perception, this paper analyzes the equilibrium point of farmers' decision-making using mathematical models. Employing the Probit and Tobit models with instrumental variable methods, we discovered that farmers' perceptions of land revenue risk, land use risk, and non-farm employment risk significantly hindered the decision and rate of farmland transfer-out. Notably, the inhibitory effect decreased progressively. Moreover, risk preference was found to moderates the negative impacts. However, it is worth noting that risk perception remains a crucial factor impeding farmland transfer, primarily due to the prevalence of neutral or risk-averse risk preferences among most farmers. This study presents a novel perspective and explanatory framework for development of the farmland circulation market, aiming to overcome existing challenges from a risk-oriented standpoint. Consequently, it is essential for the government to carefully address all risks associated with farmland transfer, enhance the income guarantee system for farmers post-transfer, and offer non-farm employment training and job opportunities to facilitate the healthy and rapid development of the agricultural land transfer market.

In this paper, we examine the impact of trade facilitation on the export technological sophistication from the European transition economies over 2004 to 2020. It is found that, in terms of trend, the export technological sophistication of labor-intensive and traditional resource-intensive industries is primarily concentrated in a lower range. In contrast, the export technological sophistication of capital and technology-intensive industries is generally low. Trade facilitation in each country shows a slow upward trend. The regression results show that trade facilitation significantly impacts the export technological sophistication of transition economies in general. In terms of heterogeneity, the impact is significant only in the Baltics economies, upper-middle-income and above countries, and to varying degrees in all types of light and heavy industries, differentiated industries, and technology-type industries. The mechanism analysis shows that the “reconfiguration” effect, “pushback” effect, and “spillover” effect are virtual channels through which trade facilitation affects the export technological sophistication.

Based on combined data from the China Patent Database, China Industrial Enterprise Database, and China Customs Import and Export Database for the period 2004-2010, this study investigates the impact of heterogeneous environmental regulations on the export technological sophistication of manufacturing enterprises. Given deepening international market segmentation of production and the increasing proportion of intermediate trade, and compared with the traditional method based on exports, the export technological sophistication calculated here, based on value-added, is closer to the true level. Since there has been no in-depth comparative study on the relationship between heterogeneous environmental regulation and export technological sophistication, this study fills the gap. The results show that all three regulation types bear a U-shaped impact on export technological sophistication. Command-control regulation exhibits a restraining effect on mixed trade, eastern, and foreign-funded enterprises. Market-incentive regulation promotes processing and mixed trade enterprises as well as domestic and foreign-funded enterprises. Voluntary-participation regulation promotes all enterprises with different trade patterns and ownership. The mechanism analysis shows that command-control and market-participation environmental regulations affect export technological sophistication through the green invention and green utility innovation channels, while, additionally, market-incentive environmental regulation affects export technological sophistication through the green design innovation channel. Considering the environmental governance issues, the policy implications for enhancing the entire industrial chain and enterprises' export competitiveness are clear. Due to the unclear functions and powers of competent departments and a rigid threshold, command-control regulation is not conducive to cleaner production technology and the promotion of enterprises' export competitiveness; it should thus be discouraged. Although both market-incentive and voluntary-participation regulations have promoted cleaner production technology and enterprises' competitiveness significantly, the environmental tax system requires continuous improvement. The government should continue to raise public involvement in environmental protection to enrich the channels and forms of environmental management.

Based on multiple micro databases involving Chinese manufacturing enterprises and World Input-Output Database, this article investigates the impact of China's manufacturing servitization on export technological sophistication from 2000 to 2010. The results show that manufacturing servitization has an inverted U-shaped impact on export technological sophistication. From the perspective of heterogeneity at the enterprise level and industry level, manufacturing servitization has an inverted U-shaped impact on export technological sophistication for mixed trade enterprises, central and western located enterprises, domestic and foreign enterprises, and knowledge-intensive industries, the nonlinear impact is in the promotion range. Besides, manufacturing servitization with domestic and foreign service input source has an inverted U-shaped impact on export technological sophistication, manufacturing servitization with the domestic consumption-oriented service input source and foreign production-oriented service input source have a promoting effect. Servitization with financial industry and technical research and development service source has a promoting effect, while servitization with transportation service input source has an inverted U-shaped effect. Overall global value chain participation level and simple global value chain participation have a positive moderating effect on the impact, especially for enterprises with lower production efficiency. Mechanism analysis confirms that the "spillover" effect and "cost" effect are important channels for manufacturing servitization to promote export technological sophistication.

The main function of pier is to transmit the load from superstructure to foundation reliably. Under earthquake action, the main failure reason of bridge is the damage of bridge pier. The application of some high-performance materials is helpful to improve the seismic performance of bridge piers. Based on seismic vulnerability analysis, this paper studies the feasibility of using engineered cementitious composite (ECC) and high-strength bars in bridge piers. Taking a rigid pier as an example, a nonlinear numerical model is established by OpenSees software. The reasonable replacement height of ECC in plastic hinge regions, stirrup ratio of pier section, and replacement rate of high-strength bars are obtained through the seismic performance analysis of the pier. Then, seismic vulnerability of rigid pier with ECC and high-strength bars is analyzed. The results show that it is feasible to improve the seismic performance of the piers by using ECC and high-strength bars. Considering the economic rationality, the replacement height of ECC in plastic hinge regions can be determined according to the curvature change point. For the rigid pier, the economical and reasonable volume stirrup ratio is 0.78%. The ultimate curvature of RC/ECC pier bottom increases by 12.4% when the longitudinal bars of the pier are replaced by high-strength bars, and the energy dissipation capacity increases by 22.5% on average. Compared with the pier’s original design, the exceedance probability of each limit state of the rigid pier with ECC and high-strength bars is significantly reduced. Its seismic performance is superior, and the risk of seismic damage is significantly reduced.

This paper aims to construct a Green Development Index for emerging economies, focusing on the BRICS nations as the research subjects. The study measures the index of various indicators and explores the influencing factors from 2012 to 2021 using the entropy value method. The trend analysis indicates that the global level of green development is gradually increasing, albeit with significant fluctuations. China and Brazil lead with the highest levels of green development, while Russia consistently maintains a lower level. Regression results, in terms of estimated coefficients and statistical significance, suggest the greatest impact comes from industrial structure, followed by technological R&D, with human capital having the least impact. Implications are policy changes in emerging economies to enhance industrial structures, human capital, and sci-tech research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impact factor is amplification factor of vertical dynamic effect produced by vehicles. It is a main parameter of bridge design and an important index of dynamic load effect evaluation. In order to study the influence of structure and excitation factors on the impact factor of highway bridges, and then obtain the real impact factor of the continuous beam arch composite bridge, taking a three-span arch bridge made with continuous composite concrete filled steel tube beams as an example, considering the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration effect, the spatial beam element model of the bridge and the half vehicle model with the three-axis are established by using ANSYS. The impact factor of different parts of the main beam and different responses affected by the deck surface roughness, the vehicle speed and the number of vehicles are analyzed. The binary regression formula of impact factor is obtained by taking the vehicle speed and the roughness of bridge deck as independent variables. Finally, the formula is verified by the measured data of two bridges with similar fundamental frequencies. The results show that the impact factor calculated by the current code is generally small for the bridge structure with complex structure and relatively low frequency, such as arch bridge made with continuous composite concrete filled steel tube beams. The impact factor is most affected by the roughness of bridge deck. When the roughness of bridge deck reaches grade B or above, the impact factor exceeds the specification value, and the maximum impact factor can reach 5.42 times of the specification value. For the main beam, the impact factors of different external excitation, different responses and different parts are not the same, and some impact factors exceed the specification value. The regression formula of impact factor given can be used to estimate the impact factor of main beams of similar structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]