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Ayaka Niina,1 Ryoko Kibe,2 Ryohei Suzuki,1 Yunosuke Yuchi,1 Takahiro Teshima,1 Hirotaka Matsumoto,1 Yasushi Kataoka,2 Hidekazu Koyama1 1Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan; 2Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, JapanCorrespondence: Ayaka NiinaLaboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-Cho, Musashino-Shi, Tokyo 180-8602, JapanTel +81 422 31 4151Fax +81 422 31 4560Email a.niina2173@gmail.comPurpose: Recently, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been tested in veterinary medicine as a treatment option for multiple gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, there are no reports of changes in the microbial diversity of fecal microbiome after treatment with FMT in canine IBD cases. Moreover, little is known about the long-term efficacy and safety of FMT treatment for dogs. Herein, we present a case of canine intractable IBD treated with repeated, long-term FMT.Patients and methods: The patient was a 10-year-old, neutered, male, 4-kg Toy Poodle with a prolonged history of vomiting and diarrhea. Fecal examination for pathogens was negative. Despite treatment with multiple antibacterial and antidiarrheal agents, the patient showed no improvement. Endoscopic mucus sampling diagnosed a case of lymphocytic-plasmacytic duodenitis, ie, idiopathic IBD. Eventually, we performed periodic, long-term fecal microbiota transplantation of fresh donor feces collected from a 4-year-old, 32.8-kg, neutered male Golden Retriever by rectal enema. Additionally, we performed 16S rRNA sequence analysis, before and after FMT, to evaluate the microbiome diversity.Results: Fecal microbiome diversity after FMT resembled that of the healthy donor dog’s fecal microbiome, before FMT, which led us to conclude that the fecal microbiome in our patient normalized with FMT. Moreover, the clinical symptoms improved remarkably with regard to the changes in the fecal microbiome. Additionally, we noted no observable side effects during FMT treatment.Conclusion: This report indicates the efficacy and safety of long-term, periodic FMT for a case of canine IBD based on attenuation of clinical symptoms and changes in fecal microbiome diversity. Therefore, FMT could be chosen as a treatment option for IBD in canines in the future.Keywords: fecal microbiota transplantation, inflammatory bowel disease, canine, dysbiosis, microbiome, diversity

Abstract To meet the comprehensive requirements of drivers for Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) during operation and to enhance situation awareness (SA), this paper proposes a design and evaluation method for flight simulator HCI interfaces grounded in SA. Firstly, the widely adopted Endsley’s SA model, which comprehensively covers processes relevant to individual drivers was selected as the foundational framework. The study concentrates on flight, cruise, and landing scenarios within the simulator, analyzing and restructuring the information architecture of the HCI interface. Secondly, a self-assessment scale was developed based on the three-level model of information processing for SA to measure drivers’ SA cognitive levels. The core scenarios of the simulation training were analyzed to establish a design-making process. Thirdly, invite participants were invited to engage in simulated driving sessions on the flight simulator, where their SA cognitive levels were assessed. An analysis of detail features was performed on samples with high SA cognitive levels. Subsequently, drivers’ requirements for the control layout features of the HCI interface design were gathered through surveys. The design detail features of the HCI interface associated with high SA cognitive levels were identified and synthesized into four distinct dimensions to guide the detailed design process. Finally, participants engaged in simulated driving using the finalized interface design, and their SA cognitive levels were reassessed. The results demonstrated that the HCI interface design derived from this method significantly improved SA cognitive levels compared to the original design.

Understanding the intricate relationships between the urban built environment, public activity, and public perception is vital for effective urban planning strategies and social sustainability. This study develops a multi-modal data analysis framework, incorporating social media data, topic modeling, and spatial statistical techniques. Using Xi’an, China, as a typical case, it examines how public activities change over time and space, how they interact with urban spaces, as well as how different aspects of the built environment shape public perception.The main findings are as follows:(1) Public activity varies significantly across day and night, interacting in complex ways with urban spatial elements;(2) Public activity is driven by multiple interconnected factors;(3) The built environment affects public perception unevenly, with certain spatial elements evoking strong emotional resonance and reinforcing cultural identity;(4) A dynamic feedback loop exists between public activity and perception.This research offers novel insights into precision-oriented, human-centered, and sustainable urban development.

Evaluating resource and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) within the framework of ecological civilization is essential for reconciling development with ecological preservation and optimizing land-use patterns. This evaluation through the lens of ecological civilization is crucial for effective resource allocation. This article introduces a technical framework specifically designed for analyzing and evaluating resource and environmental carrying capacity in karst regions, focusing on Anshun City in Guizhou Province as a case study. The framework follows a structured approach, i.e., “problem identification, problem decomposition, and decision-making assessment,” which proves effective for these evaluations. Furthermore, the integrated evaluation index system incorporating resources, environment, and socioeconomic factors under the principles of ecological civilization aligns with contemporary developmental requirements while reflecting the distinctive characteristics of the resources and environment in karst regions. This alignment enhances the specificity and relevance of the evaluation methodology. The application of the obstacle degree model strengthened the utility and depth of the evaluation results. Additionally, Pearson’s correlation analysis clarified the complex interrelationships among various index factors, highlighting the significant role of unique local resources in the carrying capacity of karst regions. Additionally, the article reveals a delay in the socioeconomic development of karst regions, which adversely impacts their carrying capacity. Thus, promoting regional economic growth is crucial for enhancing the overall carrying capacity. In light of these findings, the article proposes practical strategies to enhance resource and environmental carrying capacity. These include establishing technical standards for evaluation, accelerating industrial transfers focused on technological innovation, and enhancing market mechanisms for resource allocation.

Abstract Background Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare blood disorder, leading to various complications and impairments in patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Limited research has been conducted to evaluate the HRQOL of Chinese patients with PNH. Understanding the HRQOL in this specific population is crucial for providing effective healthcare interventions and improving patient’ health outcomes. This study aimed to assess HRQOL of Chinese patients with PNH, and identify key determinants. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2022 to recruit patients with PNH in China. The study population was recruited from PNH China, one of the largest public welfare PNH patient mutual aid organization in China. Data were collected via an online questionnaire including the EQ-5D-5L (5L), and social-demographic and clinical characteristics. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the characteristics of the participants and their HRQOL. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were adopted to explore key factors affecting HRQOL. Results A total of 329 valid questionnaires were collected. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 35.3 (10.0) years, with 52.3% of them being male. The patients reported more problems in Anxiety/Depression (81.5%) and Pain/Discomfort (69.9%) dimensions compared to the other three 5L dimensions. The mean (SD) of 5L health utility score (HUS) and EQ-VAS score were 0.76 (0.21) and 62.61 (19.20), respectively. According to multiple linear regression, initial symptoms (i.e., Anemia [fatigue, tachycardia, shortness of breath, headache] and back pain) and complication of thrombosis were significant influencing factors affecting 5L HUS. Total personal income of the past year, initial symptom of hemoglobinuria and complication of thrombosis were significantly influencing factors of VAS score. Social-demographic and clinical characteristics, such as gender, income, and thrombosis, were also found to be significantly related to certain 5L health problems as well. Conclusion Our study manifested the HRQOL of PNH patients in China was markedly compromised, especially in two mental-health related dimensions, and revealed several socio-demographic and clinical factors of their HRQOL. These findings could be used as empirical evidence for enhancing the HRQOL of PNH patients in China.

Reservoir water fluctuation can often trigger deformation and failure of reservoir bank landslides. This study focuses on the Hongyanzi landslide in the Pubugou hydropower Station of the Dadu River to investigate the deformation characteristics and deformation mechanisms of the reservoir bank landslides. Through detailed surface macro deformation surveys, monitoring data analysis, and GeoStudio numerical simulation, the deformation characteristics, seepage field, stability and the influence of reservoir water on landslide were studied in depth. The research revealed significant macro deformation of the Hongyanzi landslide surface, with a cumulative displacement curve exhibiting a “step-like” characteristic. The primary inducing factor of landslide deformation was found to be the decrease in the reservoir water level. When the reservoir water level dropped from 850 m to below 830 m, the displacement step was triggered, and the cumulative deformation of the “step” segment accounted for over 90% of the total annual deformation. Accelerated deformation of the landslide occurred when the rate of the reservoir water level decline was greater than 0.5 m/d. The landslide deformation mode was identified as creep slip-tensile cracking, with the rise and fall of the reservoir water level significantly impacting the internal permeability of the sliding body and causing a large impact on the landslide’s stability, leading to the “step-like” deformation of the landslide.

Abstract Background Few studies have explored gender differences in the attitudes toward advanced care planning and the intention to withhold life-sustaining treatments (LSTs) involving severe dementia in Asian countries. We examined gender differences in the attitude toward the Patient Autonomy Act (PAA) in Taiwan and how the gender differences in these attitudes affect the intention to withhold LSTs for severe dementia. We also investigated self–other differences in the intention to withhold LSTs between genders. Methods Between March and October 2019, a structured questionnaire was distributed to hospitalized patients’ family members through face-to-face contact in an academic medical center. Exploratory factor analysis and independent and paired-sample t-tests were used to describe gender differences. Mediation analyses controlled for age, marital status, and education level were conducted to examine whether the attitude toward the PAA mediates the gender effect on the intention to withhold LSTs for severe dementia. Results Eighty respondents filled out the questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis of the attitude toward the PAA revealed three key domains: regarding the PAA as (1) promoting a sense of abandonment, (2) supporting patient autonomy, and (3) contributing to the collective good. Relative to the men, the women had lower average scores for promoting a sense of abandonment (7.48 vs. 8.94, p = 0.030), higher scores for supporting patient autonomy (8.74 vs. 7.94, p = 0.006), and higher scores for contributing to the collective good (8.64 vs. 7.47, p = 0.001). Compared with the women, the men were less likely to withhold LSTs for severe dementia (15.84 vs. 18.88, p = 0.01). Mediation analysis revealed that the attitude toward the PAA fully mediated the gender differences in the intention to withhold LSTs for severe dementia. Both men and women were more likely to withhold LSTs for themselves than for their parents. Compared with the women, the men were more likely to withhold resuscitation for themselves than for their parents (p = 0.05). Women were more likely to agree to enteral tube feeding and a tracheotomy for their husbands than for themselves; men made consistent decisions for themselves and their wives in those LST scenarios. Conclusion Gender influences the attitude toward advanced care planning and consequently affects the intention to withhold LSTs, indicating that there may be a difference in how men and women perceive EOL decision-making for severe dementia in Taiwan. Further studies are warranted.

The use of water detection (WD) indices to infer daily discharge (Qd) has a great potential to enrich needed hydrological data for understanding fluvial processes driving the morphological changes of braided rivers. However, no consensus has been reached on which one stands out for use in mid-sized braided rivers. In this study, we compared the physical characteristics of three most commonly used WD indices, the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), for two mid-sized braided reach segments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China, that have different morphological structures. Relying on the Google Earth Engine web interface, we calculated the total mean water width (WWt) based on the detected surface-water areas (As) and braiding index (BI), as well as the mean values (m) of these indices over about four decades at the braided corridor scale (cs) (mNDWIcs, mMNDWIcs, and mNDMIcs). We then examined different responses of these indices to water and non-water features and their best threshold values for characterizing channel structures. Our analyses demonstrated that (1) NDWI and MNDWI perform well for detecting braided channel structures with the threshold of zero; (2) WWt is generally better correlated to Qd in a linear style than WD indices do, particularly when calculated from MNDWI; and (3) among WD indices calculated at the braided corridor scale, mMNDWIcs shows a better relationship with Qd than mNDMIcs does. Finally, we provided mechanisms that may explain these differences in terms of photometric discrepancies in calculating WWt and WD indices and the impact of image resolution on their calculations.

Biomass carbon is a highly aromatic carbonaceous solid obtained by thermochemical reaction of biomass raw materials. It is frequently used in the research and application of soil properties and states improvement. Biomass carbon has abundant porous structure, high specific surface area and surface functional groups. After being applied to the soil, it has a significant impact on manipulating the physichemical properties of the soil, enhancing the microbial environment and remediating soil pollutants, which is conducive to the resource utilization of agricultural wastes and the long-term preservation of the environment. Based on 328 moderately to highly relevant literatures on biomass carbon and rural soil property improvement since 2010, this paper reviewed the contemporary research progress of biomass carbon application in soil property improvements utilizing the concept of sustainable development. In order to provide beneficial illumination for the complete implementation of biomass carbon in improving rural soil properties, this paper primarily evaluated the principle as well as mechanism of promoting sustainable soil properties. It tends to prospect the application and development aspirations of biomass carbon in soil ecological restoration, crop growth, development.

Strengthening the construction of rural resilience and improving the rural ecotope and biodiversity are of great significance to improving the governance’s abilities of rural areas to resist external disturbances and various crises. Based on the 1786 documents which are associated with the research topics collected in the “Web of Science” database from 1992 to 2022, this study uses the visualization analysis method of the “CiteSpace document” to focus on the rural resilience from the ecosystem perspective, sort out the hotspots of rural resilience construction research, and study and judge the future development tendencies. It pertinently put forward the research evolution trends of “bottom–up ecological restoration” and “top–down planning improvement.” The research results are beneficial to provide useful references and direction enlightenment for the sustainable research of rural resilience and the formulation of planning strategies from the perspectives of biodiversity.

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been very successful in image denoising. However, with the growth of the depth of plain networks, CNNs may result in performance degradation. The lack of network depth leads to the limited ability of the network to extract image features and difficults to fuse the shallow image features into the deep image information. In this work, we propose an improved deep convolutional U-Net framework (RatUNet) for image denoising. RatUNet improves Unet as follows: (1) RatUNet uses the residual blocks of ResNet to deepen the network depth, so as to avoid the network performance saturation. (2) RatUNet improves the down-sampling method, which is conducive to extracting image features. (3) RatUNet improves the up-sampling method, which is used to restore image details. (4) RatUNet improves the skip-connection method of the U-Net network, which is used to fuse the shallow feature information into the deep image details, and it is more conducive to restore the clean image. (5) In order to better process the edge information of the image, RatUNet uses depthwise and polarized self-attention mechanism to guide a CNN for image denoising. Extensive experiments show that our RatUNet is more efficient and has better performance than existing state-of-the-art denoising methods, especially in SSIM metrics, the denoising effect of the RatUNet achieves very high performance. Visualization results show that the denoised image by RatUNet is smoother and sharper than other methods.

Abstract Recently, iron, nitrogen and sulfur codoped carbon-based materials have gained increasing attention for their synergistic effect towards superior electrocatalytic oxygen reduction performance. To gain insight into the contributions of the heteroatoms, we developed a facile and reproducible method for constructing Fe, N, S-codoped carbon frameworks derived from self-assembled Fe3O4 nanocrystal superlattices. The material constructed by the suggested method exhibited excellent ORR activity with more positive half-wave potential (∼ 0.869 V, vs RHE), higher diffusion-limiting current density (∼ 5.88 mA/cm2) and smaller Tafel slope (45 mV/dec) compared with Fe, N-codoped carbon frameworks and Pt/C. Notably, Fe3O4 nanocrystals served as both the building blocks for constructing carbon frameworks and the source of Fe residues leaving in the frameworks at the same time. By artificially tailoring the doping type and level as well as the homogeneousness of heteroatoms, the results discussed herein prove the importance of each kind of heteroatom in boosting ORR activity.

R-spondin1 (Rspo1) is a member of the secreted furin-like domain-containing protein family, and it is recognized for its significance in mammalian ovarian development. However, its role in teleost ovarian development remains largely uninvestigated. The Qi River crucian carp (Carassius auratus) is a species capable of gynogenesis, and it encounters challenges of premature ovarian maturation in aquaculture settings. Previous research established the essential involvement of Rspo1 in oocyte growth in Qi River crucian carp, but the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its role remain poorly understood. In this study, we categorized the pre-spawning ovarian development process of premature Qi River crucian carp into five stages through meticulous examination of morphology and histology. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed colocalization of Rspo1 with Vasa protein in oogonia, primary growth stage, and cortical vacuolar stage oocytes, and it was also detected in somatic cells. After a 60-day period of RNA interference via injection of Rspo1 double-stranded RNA into late-previtellogenesis stage ovaries, a substantial proportion of oocytes were arrested in the primary growth stage and exhibited a marked reduction in the expression of germ cell marker genes and an increase in apoptosis signaling. RNA-sequencing and real-time PCR analyses indicated a potential association between genes involved in hormone synthesis, lipid storage, and cell proliferation with ovary development in Qi River crucian carp. Furthermore, a significant decrease in levels of serum estrogens and vitellogenin was observed after Rspo1 knockdown. Dual-fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis demonstrated co-expression of Rspo1 with cyp19a1a in ovarian germ and surrounding somatic cells. Furthermore, results of a promoter assay indicated that Rspo1 can dose-dependently activate cyp19a1a expression. Collectively, these findings suggest that Rspo1 plays a role in ovarian development and oocyte growth by modulating cyp19a1a expression and influencing estrogen synthesis. These results provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of Rspo1 in ovarian development in Qi River crucian carp., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest in publishing this article., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The assessment of apple quality is pivotal in agricultural production management, and apple ripeness is a key determinant of apple quality. This paper proposes an approach for assessing apple ripeness from both structured and unstructured observation data, i.e., text and images. For structured text data, support vector regression (SVR) models optimized using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) were utilized to predict apple ripeness, with the WOA-optimized SVR demonstrating exceptional generalization capabilities. For unstructured image data, an Enhanced-YOLOv8+, a modified YOLOv8 architecture integrating Detect Efficient Head (DEH) and Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) mechanism, was employed for precise apple localization and ripeness identification. The synergistic application of these methods resulted in a significant improvement in prediction accuracy. These approaches provide a robust framework for apple quality assessment and deepen the understanding of the relationship between apple maturity and observed indicators, facilitating more informed decision-making in postharvest management., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue leads to metabolic disorders, and the excessive differentiation of preadipocytes into white adipocytes is one of the contributing factors to obesity. The browning of white adipocytes has been regarded as a promising therapeutic strategy. To analyze the origins and potential solutions for obesity from a fundamental perspective, we employed atomic force microscopy, and Raman confocal microscopy to investigate and characterize multidimensional information regarding the differentiation process of 3 T3-L1 preadipocyte models into white adipocytes and their subsequent browning into beige adipocytes. The results from atomic force microscopy indicated that during the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature white adipocytes, there was an increase in cell height, a decrease in length, and a transformation in shape from fibroblast-like morphology to spherical form. Additionally, Young's modulus, stiffness, and adhesion decreased throughout this process. Following browning, cells maintained their spherical shape but exhibited reduced height compared to white adipocytes; lipid droplet decomposition resulted in increased surface roughness. Raman spectroscopy studies revealed that preadipocytes lacked specific lipid peaks; however, as they differentiated into white adipocytes, peak Raman signals transitioned from weak to sharp. After browning occurred, lipid peak signals became sparse and dispersed. Furthermore, by calibrating temperature standard curves based on water molecule hydrogen-oxygen stretching bands, it was found that beige adipocytes possess thermogenic capabilities. Based on Segment Anything Model for lipid droplet segmentation and color clustering 3D K-Means point cloud analysis: White adipocyte lipid droplets aggregated with deeper coloration post-staining appearing duller; conversely, beige adipocyte coloration appeared lighter and brighter with more clusters present within the clustering point cloud. In summary, this study provides a novel method for multidimensional detection and characterization through an interdisciplinary approach combining cellular biology with physical chemistry., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Sepsis, a common clinical complication, leads to multi-organ damage due to systemic infection and currently lacks effective therapeutic drugs. Polysaccharide derived from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (TH), abbreviated as THP, is a water-soluble component extracted from TH, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of THP in sepsis. Results demonstrated that THP reduced neutrophils in the peripheral blood of mice established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and inhibited IL-6 and MCP-1 in plasma, thereby improving systemic inflammation. THP ameliorated pulmonary edema, mitigated lung and liver histopathological injuries, reduced infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages in the lung and liver, and inhibited the TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1 transcription in both organs. Additionally, THP decreased myeloid cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and Tregs in the spleens of septic mice, while increasing T cells, CD4 + T cells, and CD8 + T cells, thereby restoring immune imbalance. Mechanistically, THP attenuated sepsis by inhibiting the overactivation of the TLR4/NF-κB/COX-2 pathway, and reducing PD-1, PD-L1, IDO1 in the lung, and PD-1, PD-L1 in the liver of septic mice. In conclusion, this study provides theoretical support for the potential application of THP in sepsis treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The deposition of aggregated amyloid β (Aβ) is considered as a key factor for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Previously, we demonstrated that a carboxylated Zn-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) inhibits Aβ fibril formation, consequently protects neurons in culture. This study evaluated the effects of ZnPc on pathological changes in an AD mouse model (J20). Nine-month-old J20 mice received weekly intraperitoneal injection of ZnPc (2 and 4 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. Cognitive performance was assessed using Y-maze and open field tests. ZnPc levels in the tissues were evaluated using near-infrared microscopy and spectroscopy. ZnPc accumulated primarily in the liver and kidney. A considerable amount was also detected in brain tissue, where it co-localized with neurons, microglia, and extracellularly deposited Aβ. ZnPc treatment (2 mg/kg) significantly improved cognitive functions of J20 mice. Immunostaining results showed that Aβ was positive intracellularly in neurons, and extracellularly around the vessels and parenchyma in the cortex and hippocampus of PBS-treated J20 mice, which was significantly decreased in ZnPc-treated J20 mice in a dose-dependent manner. Nissl staining demonstrated that neuronal numbers were increased both in the cortex and hippocampus. GFAP-positive astrocytes and Iba-1 positive microglia were decreased by ZnPc treatment. Also, vessel numbers were increased in ZnPc-treated groups. In PBS-treated group, aquaporin 4 immunopositive area extended beyond STL-positive vessels into the parenchyma, which was confined primarily around the vessels in the ZnPc-treated group. Claudin 5 levels were increased in ZnPc-treated group. Therefore, ZnPc can decrease brain Aβ deposition in J20 mice, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic agent for AD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a metabolically active visceral fat linked to cardiovascular disease. Prior studies demonstrated the predictive value of EAT volume (EATV) in atrial fibrillation (AF) among hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy patients., Purpose: To investigate the association between EATV and AF in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)., Study Type: Retrospective., Population: Two hundred and twenty-four HCM patients (including 79 patients with AF and 145 patients without AF, 154 men) and 80 healthy controls (54 men)., Field Strength/sequence: 3.0 T scanner; balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) cine sequence, gradient echo., Assessment: EAT thickness was assessed in the 4-chamber and basal short-axis planes. EAT volume was calculated by outlining the epicardial border and visceral pericardium layer on short-axis cine images., Statistical Tests: Shapiro-Wilk test, Student's t test or the Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, Multivariate linear regression analyses, Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficient. Significance was determined at P < 0.05., Results: EATV and EAT volume index (EATVI) were significantly greater in HCM patients with AF than those without AF (126.6 ± 25.9 mL vs. 90.5 ± 24.5 mL, and 73.0 ± 15.9 mL/m 2 vs. 51.3 ± 13.4 mL/m 2 ). EATVI was associated with AF in multivariable linear regression analysis among HCM patients (β = 0.62). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to other indicators, the area under curve (AUC) of EATVI was 0.86 (cut-off, 53.9 mL/m 2 , 95% CI, 0.80-0.89), provided a better performance, with the sensitivity of 96.2% and specificity of 58.6%. The combined model exhibited superior association with AF presence compared to the clinical model (AUC 0.96 vs. 0.76) and the imaging model (AUC 0.96 vs. 0.93)., Data Conclusion: EATVI was associated with AF. EATVI was significantly correlated with incident AF, and provided a better performance in HCM patients compared to other indicators., Evidence Level: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2., (© 2024 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.)

Currently, HE staining and microscopic imaging are the main approaches for the diagnosis of cancerous tissues, which are inefficient, and the results are heavily dependent on doctors' experience. Therefore, establishing a rapid and accurate method for identifying cancerous tissues is of great value for the preoperative and intraoperative assessments. Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive, label-free and highly specific method, and it has been widely reported in cancer tissue research. However, the low accuracy of Raman spectral results due to the complex compositions of the tissues limits the clinical applications of Raman spectroscopy. In this study, two-dimensional features of the biochemical composition and morphological structure were combined to classify colorectal cancer tissue by innovatively fusing the elastic scattering spectrum and Raman spectrum. In this study, the elastic scattering spectrum and Raman spectrum of 20 clinical colorectal tissues were acquired using a Raman spectrometer and a homemade elastic scattering light device. After multi-modal spectrum data processing and fusion, a composite AI model called spec-transformer was trained and tested. The results showed that the new model classified colorectal tissues with an accuracy of ≥97%. Moreover, Grad-CAM technology was applied to analyse the compositional variation between normal and colorectal cancer tissues, and it demonstrated a high expression of tryptophan and unsaturated fatty acids in cancer tissues with a reduction in tyrosine and beta-carotene expression. Our approach has potential for colorectal cancer diagnosis and could be extended for diagnosis and research on other cancers.

Despite extensive studies on dibutyl phthalate (DBP) degradation in isolated bacterial cultures, the primary degraders, community dynamics, and metabolic pathways involved in its biotransformation within complex sediment microbial communities remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the biotransformation mechanism of DBP by microorganisms in a sediment-water system by employing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomic analysis, and bacterial isolation techniques. We observed that DBP biotransformation has three distinct phases: lag, degradative, and stationary. During the degradative phase, DBP gets progressively degraded by microorganisms, resulting in a microbial community with reduced stability and ambiguous boundaries. DBP, primarily metabolised by key phylotypes into monobutyl phthalate (MBP), phthalic acid (PA), and protocatechuic acid, subsequently enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Through metagenomic analysis, ten functional genes from five genera were identified as crucial for DBP metabolism. Firstly, Arthrobacter degrades DBP into MBP and PA using pheA. Subsequently, Acinetobacter, Massilia, and Arthrobacter convert PA into TCA cycle intermediates using phtBAaAbAcAd and pcaCH. Concurrently, Hydrogenophaga and Acidovorax degrade PA to TCA cycle intermediates through pht1234 and ligAB. Genes related to amino acid synthesis, ABC transporters, and two-component regulatory systems also contribute significantly. Thus, the listed key bacteria, along with their diverse functional genes, collectively exhibit a high capacity for DBP degradation. This study provides insights into the bacterial responses to DBP degradation and offers a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of this pollutant., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Low-field (<1.0T) wide-bore cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has the potential to improve accessibility by reducing costs and accommodating severely obese and claustrophobic patients. However, intrinsically reduced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) may affect techniques such as strain-encoded magnetic resonance (SENC), a method to quantify regional strain that may be more sensitive than global function measurements to detect abnormalities. We sought to characterize global and segmental strain derived from SENC on a wide-bore, low-field system in healthy human subjects and a porcine model of myocardial infarction., Study Type: Original Research METHODS: A segmented k-space, spoiled gradient echo prototype SENC sequence was implemented on a 0.55T system with an 80cm bore. A dynamic phantom and sixteen healthy volunteers (mean age 31yrs, 10 female) were scanned at 0.55T and 1.5T. Ten of the subjects were scanned twice at each field strength to evaluate scan-rescan repeatability. In volunteers, t-tests were used to compare global strain results; global and segmental strain reproducibility between field strengths and scan-rescan repeatability were assessed via Bland-Altman analysis and intraclass correlation (ICC) methods. Additionally, adjunctive SENC followed by late-gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was acquired at 0.55T eight weeks post myocardial infarction (MI) in an ongoing study of a porcine model (n=6) of non-reperfused MI. Porcine left ventricular (LV) segments were categorized based on LGE and compared to resultant segmental strain via one-way ANOVA., Results: Mean phantom strain showed no significant differences between field strengths (p > 0.10). In volunteers mean LV global longitudinal (GLS) and circumferential strain (GCS) were -19.4% ±1.1 and -20.4% ±0.9 at 0.55T compared to -18.7 ±1.4% and -19.2% ±1.6 at 1.5T (p>0.10). For both 1.5T vs 0.55T reproducibility and scan-rescan repeatability, LS proved to have better agreement than CS, and mean biases were low for both global and segmental comparisons throughout. Limits of agreement were good for global strain comparisons, but were notably wider when comparing segmental values, especially circumferential strain reproducibility and 0.55T scan-rescan repeatability. ICC analysis of pooled LV segmental strain showed good LS agreement between and within field strengths (0.78-0.89), but was fair for CS between 1.5T vs 0.55T (0.60) and CS 0.55T repeatability (0.64). In the pigs, LGE demonstrated an expected territory of infarction; segmental LS in LGE+ vs remote segments was -10.8% ±4.0 vs -16.8% ±5.1; p<0.001. Segmental CS in LGE+ vs remote segments was -11.9% ±2.7 vs -14.6% ±2.7; p=0.0011., Conclusions: Our results support the feasibility of SENC at 0.55T, with accurate phantom measurements, good agreement of global values in human volunteers, and correlates of functional impairment with known MI territory. Reproducibility between field strengths showed minimal systemic bias but at times substantial limits of agreement. Repeatability of global and segmental longitudinal strain at 0.55T was similar to established 1.5T performance, although circumferential strain was notably poorer. LV circumferential strain may lack sufficient reliability in its current implementation for use at 0.55T., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests. Orlando Simonetti receives institutional research support from Siemens and Myocardial Solutions. Donel Tani and Farouk Osman are employees of Myocardial Solutions., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Transcriptome-wide alternative polyadenylation (APA) is involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses of immune cells. Downregulation of the CPSF6 protein, one of the 3' end-processing factors, mediates APA in macrophages with responses to virus infection and plays an important role in its anti-virus effect. However, the signaling pathway and molecular mechanism underlying the downregulation of the CPSF6 protein remain elusive. Here, we found that MAVS triggers the nuclear import of the E3 ligase SYVN1 mediated by NUP153 in response to vesicular stomatitis virus infection. Then, SYVN1 catalyzes K48-linked polyubiquitination of CPSF6, resulting in degradation of CPSF6 via the proteasome and then transcriptome-wide APA and anti-virus effects. Our results identify an antiviral mechanism via APA regulation based on ubiquitination modification of the CPSF6 protein, which may serve as a target for developing immune interventions., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background : several adverse effects of ozone (O 3 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) are assessed using combined oxidant capacity (O x ) and redox-weighted oxidant capacity (Owtx) as surrogates. However, the associations of oxidant capacity (O x and Owtx) with platelet-based inflammatory indicators and the potential modifying role of physical activity (PA) remain unclear. Methods : 31 318 participants were selected from the baseline survey of the Henan Rural Cohort Study. The O x and Owtx were calculated based on O 3 and NO 2 . The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to evaluate PA. Platelet-based inflammatory indicators were obtained from the data of physical examination. Generalized linear models were applied to explore associations between atmospheric oxidation capacity indicators (O 3 , O x , Owtx, and NO 2 ) and platelet-based inflammatory indicators and whether PA modified these associations. Results : O 3 , O x , and Owtx were positively associated with platelet-based inflammatory indicators (PCT, PLT, PLR, SII, MLR and SIRI). The estimated β values and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PLT in response to a 5 μg m -3 increment in O 3 , O x , and Owtx were 19.267 × 10 9 L -1 (95% CI: 17.493, 21.041 × 10 9 L -1 ), 6.226 × 10 9 L -1 (95% CI: 5.502, 6.950 × 10 9 L -1 ), and 14.664 × 10 9 L -1 (95% CI: 13.101, 16.227 × 10 9 L -1 ), respectively. The corresponding values for SIRI were 0.134 × 10 9 L -1 (95% CI: 0.111, 0.156 × 10 9 L -1 ), 0.064 × 10 9 L -1 (95% CI: 0.055, 0.073 × 10 9 L -1 ), and 0.135 × 10 9 L -1 (95% CI: 0.115, 0.155 × 10 9 L -1 ). And similar results were observed for NO 2 . Furthermore, we observed positive associations of O 3 , O x , Owtx, and NO 2 with platelet-based inflammatory indicators attenuated by increased PA levels. Conclusions : exposure to O 3 , O x , Owtx, and NO 2 was positively associated with platelet-based inflammatory indicators, and these associations were modified by PA. The findings suggested that a healthy lifestyle of PA might be an effective measure against early adverse effects of air pollution.

In this paper, a self-healing superhydrophobic smart two-layer coating, ZOA/SMP-S, was developed. ZIF-8 was surface hydrophobically modified by octadecylphosphoric acid (OPA) to obtain Z-OPA and then encapsulated with a corrosion inhibitor, AMT ( 2-Amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole), to obtain the superhydrophobic nanocontainers, ZOA. ZOA was embedded into the SMP (shape memory coating) to obtain the smart coating, and Z-OPA was sprayed to obtain the second superhydrophobic coating. SEM showed that the scratch coatings were rapidly reduced by scratches after a simple heat treatment. The prepared composite coatings showed excellent performance in corrosion inhibitor release, immersion, superhydrophobicity, and self-healing experiments. The contact angle of the superhydrophobic coating reached 158.2°, and the sliding angle was 2.8°. The low-frequency impedance value |Z| f=0.01 Hz of ZOA/SMP-S is as high as 1.58 × 10 10 Ω·cm 2 after 40 days of immersion test, which indicates that the triple protection greatly enhances the corrosion resistance of the coating.

Background: In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the prognostic value of myocardial T1 and extracellular volume fraction for adverse cardiovascular events has not been well defined., Methods: A total of 663 consecutive participants with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who underwent 3T cardiovascular magnetic resonance were recruited. The follow-up end points included heart failure (HF)-related death, HF hospitalization, and sudden cardiac death or aborted sudden cardiac death., Results: On Cox proportional hazards regression multivariable analyses, global native T1 excluding late gadolinium enhancement areas (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04 [95% CI, 0.99-1.09]; P =0.094) and global extracellular volume fraction excluding late gadolinium enhancement (HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.95-1.10]; P =0.565) were not associated with sudden cardiac death. Conversely, global native T1 (HR, 1.08 per 10 ms increase [95% CI, 1.02-1.16], P =0.014; HR, 1.05 per 10 ms increase [95% CI, 1.01-1.09]; P =0.009) and global extracellular volume fraction (HR, 1.23 per 1% increase [95% CI, 1.11-1.36], P <0.001; HR, 1.10 per 1% increase [95% CI, 1.04-1.16]; P <0.001) were independently associated with HF-related death and the composite end point of HF-related death or HF hospitalization in multivariable Cox models, respectively., Conclusions: In this study of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, we found global native T1 and global extracellular volume fraction (excluding late gadolinium enhancement) to be both independently associated with HF-related events, but not sudden cardiac death in multivariable analysis. These findings are hypothesis-generating and will require external validation in larger cohorts., Registration: URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn; Unique identifier: ChiCTR1900024094.

Background: Ozone (O 3 ) exposure and telomere shortening are associated with insulin resistance (IR). However, the role of telomere shortening in ambient O 3 exposure-related IR is largely unclear., Methods: The Henan Rural Cohort recruited participants and performed a random forest method to estimate residential O 3 concentration. IR was reflected by homeostasis model assessment-IR, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, triglyceride and glucose index, etc. Generalized linear model, quantile regression model, and mediation effects analysis were utilized to assess the associations of O 3 exposure and relative telomere length (RTL) with longitudinal IR markers and their change rates. Furthermore, the role of telomere homeostasis in O 3 -exposure-induced IR in vivo and in vitro experiments was verified., Results: O 3 exposure was positively associated with longitudinal IR. The proportions of RTL mediated associations between O 3 exposure and longitudinal IR markers ranged from 11.92 % to 60.36 %. O 3 -exposed mice exhibited a higher glucose load, upregulation of GSK-3β and G-6-Pase expression at mRNA levels, glycogen accumulation reduction, telomere shortening, and decreased telomerase reverse transcriptase activity relative to air-exposed mice. In vitro experiments reveal that overexpression of TERT in HepG2 cells up-regulated G-6-Pase mRNA expression level., Conclusions: Impaired telomere homeostasis may be involved in O 3 exposure-related IR via inhibition of glycogen synthesis and acceleration of gluconeogenesis and the specific mechanisms are still further elucidated., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Bletilla striata, a traditional Chinese medicine known for its astringent hemostatic and heat-clearing properties, has been traditionally utilized for detoxification. This study aims to explore the potential of Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSP) in alleviating pneumonia associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by influencing Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) as well as NETs-induced alveolar macrophages (AMs) pyroptosis. Results found that BSP demonstrated a significant mitigation effect to lung injury in ARDS mice. It exhibited a notable regulatory effect on neutrophils and macrophages. Specifically, BSP effectively reduced the level of NETs in both lung tissue and the entire body of ARDS mice. It also attenuated the formation of immune thrombosis in the lungs and reduced the incidence of pyroptosis in AMs. Furthermore, in MH-S cells treated with NETs + LPS, which induced pyroptosis, BSP demonstrated significant alleviation of inflammation and pyroptosis. The attenuating effect of BSP was weakened when the GSK484 was introduced to ARDS mice, suggesting the involvement of PAD4 in BSP's mechanism of action. The results demonstrated that BSP has the potential to modulate neutrophil/macrophage homeostasis via the PAD4 pathway, leading to a reduction in NETs levels and alleviation of NETs-induced pyroptosis in alveolar macrophages, alleviating ARDS., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Purpose: 11 C-acetate PET is used to measure biventricular oxygen myocardial consumption rate (MVO 2 ) and myocardial blood flow (MBF) changes associated with right ventricular (RV) remodelling. We studied PET reproducibility and repeatability for such RV assessments., Procedures: 10 pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients underwent 11 C-acetate PET. Five of these patients also had a repeat scan after 26 ± 2 weeks. A one-tissue compartment model was used to measure the myocardial tissue-activity washout rate (k2 [1/min] for MVO 2 estimation) and the blood-to-tissue activity flux (K1 [1/min] for MBF calculation). Values were measured by 2 blinded observers and analyzed by ANOVA and Bland-Altman tests. The interquartile ranges (IQR), within-subject coefficients of variation (wCV), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were reported., Results: All patients had stable PH with the clinical assessments showed comparable biventricular function and size between baseline and follow-up. The k2-derived MVO 2 and K1-derived MBF values were consistently higher in the LV than RV. The high inter- and intra-observer reproducibility (for biventricular MVO 2 and MBF) was indicated by low IQR (≤ 7.6%) and wCV (≤ 8%) as well as high ICC (≥ 95%). The test-retest (baseline to follow-up) repeatability showed larger IQR (≤ 35.4%) and wCV (≤ 29%) but consistently high ICC (= 95%)., Conclusions: MVO 2 and MBF values measured in the RV of patients with PH were highly reproducible and repeatable. This can help inform the design of clinical research studies using serial 11 C-acetate PET imaging to evaluate RV metabolism., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to World Molecular Imaging Society.)

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Velvet antler (VAE) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has been used for thousands of years to treat bone-related diseases. Nonetheless, whether VAE has anti-diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) properties remains to be elucidated., Aim of the Study: The therapeutic mechanism of VAE on DOP is based on integrated proteomics of network pharmacology strategies to study related targets and pathways., Materials and Methods: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used to analyze the main molecular components present in the VAE. The DOP mouse model was created by combining a high-fat diet with streptozotocin (STZ). High glucose (HG) induced MC3T3-E1 cells were used as a cell model to evaluate the therapeutic effect of VAE. The mechanisms of VAE in treating DOP were predicted through proteomics. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, DARTS and functional experiments were employed to further verify its mechanisms., Results: Altogether 30 components were identified by LC-MS. In vitro and in vivo results were confirmed that VAE had a protective effect on DOP. Combined with network pharmacology, proteomics and functional experiments revealed that TNF/PI3K-AKT signaling pathway may be the potential biochemical pathway for VAE in treating DOP., Conclusions: The innovation of this study was investigating the effectiveness of VAE in treating DOP in vivo and in vitro and suggested that VAE might exert anti-DOP effects through the TNF/PI3K-AKT signaling pathway by network pharmacology and proteomics and found that ATK1 was the core target of VAE, which provided valuable insights for the clinical application of VAE in DOP., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Type 2 diabetic osteoporosis (T2DOP) is a metabolic bone disease characterized by impaired bone structure and decreased bone strength in diabetic patients. Jiangu Decoction (JGD), a traditional Chinese poly-herbal formulation, has shown efficacy in mitigating osteoporosis (OP) and fractures caused by osteoporosis in diabetic patients in clinical trials. In addition, JGD has been proven to promote the proliferation of osteoblasts. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear., Aim of the Study: This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of JGD in treating T2DOP., Materials and Methods: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was utilized to elucidate the chemical profile of JGD. A T2DOP mouse model (C57BL/6) was established by combining a high-fat diet with streptozotocin (STZ). Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging, three-point bending tests, and histological staining were utilized to assess alterations in bone mass, bone quality, and bone strength in mice. Mouse Calvaria 3T3-E1 (MC3T3-E1) cells were treated with 33 mmol/L D-glucose (HG), and the protective effect of JGD on the high glucose injury model was observed. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were employed to analyze alterations in biomarkers associated with the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, both in vivo and in vitro., Results: A total of 909 compounds were identified in JGD using LC-MS. Subsequently, the function of JGD was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The findings indicated that JGD promoted bone formation, enhanced bone microstructure, and ameliorated diabetic symptoms in T2DOP mice. Additionally, JGD increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, facilitated bone mineralization, and upregulated the expression levels of osteogenic marker genes such as runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (Ocn), and collagen type 1 alpha (Col1a1). Importantly, JGD reduced oxidative stress levels and decreased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species by modulating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis both in vivo and in vitro., Conclusion: Our study suggests that JGD could alleviate T2DOP impairment, closely linked to the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In the domain of autonomous driving systems, vehicle trajectory prediction represents a critical aspect, as it significantly contributes to the safe maneuvering of vehicles within intricate traffic environments. Nevertheless, a preponderance of extant research efforts have been chiefly centered on the spatio-temporal relationships intrinsic to the vehicle itself, thereby exhibiting deficiencies in the dynamic perception of and interaction capabilities with adjacent vehicles. In light of this limitation, we propose a vehicle trajectory prediction algorithm predicated on a hybrid prediction model. Initially, the algorithm extracts pertinent context information pertaining to the target vehicle and its neighboring vehicles through the application of a two-layer long short-term memory network. Subsequently, a fusion module is deployed to assimilate the characteristics of the temporal influence, spatial influence, and interactive influence of the surrounding vehicles, followed by the integration of these attributes. Ultimately, the prediction module is engaged to yield the predicted movement positions of the vehicles, expressed in coordinate form. The proposed algorithm was trained and validated using the publicly accessible datasets I-80 and US-101. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm is capable of generating more precise prediction results.

Delivering CO 2 molecules to catalyst sites is a vital step in the CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR). Achievements have been made to develop efficient catalysts, but few efforts have been dedicated to improving CO 2 delivering in solutions. Herein, we report on electrocatalytic CO 2 -to-CO conversion using Fe tetraphenylporphyrin (FeTPP) as a catalyst and triethanolamine as a CO 2 shuttle. Compared to ethanol, the electrocatalytic CO 2 RR current with triethanolamine increases by more than three times. We show that triethanolamine can effectively capture a CO 2 molecule to form a zwitterionic alkylcarbonate through the collaboration between its tripodal alcohol and amine units. This alkylcarbonate can release the bound CO 2 molecule for activation at the Fe site upon its interaction with FeTPP. In addition to shuttling CO 2 , alkylcarbonates can also provide protons to assist the C-O bond cleavage. Therefore, this work is significant to demonstrate a new strategy to improve electrocatalytic CO 2 RR by shuttling CO 2 ., (© 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Objectives: Lifestyle may potentially influence blood pressure level, but the association of multiple healthy lifestyles with hypertension was limited, especially for rural population. The study aimed to explore the relationship of healthy lifestyles on hypertension, and then whether lifestyle change could influence hypertension in rural adults., Methods: A total of 16,454 participants were enrolled from the Henan Rural Cohort study, in China. The healthy lifestyles score (HLS) was concluded by smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diet status and body mass index. Associations of HLS and lifestyle change with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were analyzed by generalized linear models, and with hypertension were analyzed by logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline plots., Results: The results from the generalized linear models showed SBP and DBP levels decreased with the HLS increasing ( P trend  < 0.01). Compared with participants with lower HLS (scored 0-2), the odds ratios ( OR ) and 95% confidence intervals ( CIs ) for hypertension in those with HLS = 3, 4, or 5 were 0.853 (0.737, 0.987), 0.881 (0.754, 1.029), and 0.658 (0.519, 0.834), respectively. And compared with participants with unhealthy lifestyle consistently, those changing lifestyle from unhealthy to healthy had lower levels of blood pressure [ β (95% CI ): SBP: -1.603 (-2.539, -0.668). DBP: -1.713 (-2.326, -1.100)] and hypertension risk [ OR (95% CI ): 0.744 (0.594, 0.931)]. Similar results could be found by the sensitivity analysis., Conclusion: The findings showed that healthy lifestyles could reduce blood pressure and hypertension risk, and that implementing healthier lifestyle changes could be an effective strategy to prevent hypertension in rural area., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2025 Ren, Yuchi, Liao, Kang, Li and Wang.)

Nitrate electroreduction is promising for achieving effluent waste-water treatment and ammonia production with respect to the global nitrogen balance. However, due to the impeded hydrogenation process, high overpotentials need to be surmounted during nitrate electroreduction, causing intensive energy consumption. Herein, a hydroxide regulation strategy is developed to optimize the interfacial H 2 O behavior for accelerating the hydrogenation conversion of nitrate to ammonia at ultralow overpotentials. The well-designed Ru─Ni(OH) 2 electrocatalyst shows a remarkable energy efficiency of 44.6% at +0.1 V versus RHE and a nearly 100% Faradaic efficiency for NH 3 synthesis at 0 V versus RHE. In situ characterizations and theoretical calculations indicate that Ni(OH) 2 can regulate the interfacial H 2 O structure with a promoted H 2 O dissociation process and contribute to the spontaneous hydrogen spillover process for boosting NO 3 - electroreduction to NH 3 at Ru sites. Furthermore, the assembled rechargeable Zn-NO 3 - /ethanol battery system exhibits an outstanding long-term cycling stability during the charge-discharge tests with the production of high-value-added ammonium acetate, showing great potential for simultaneously achieving nitrate removal, energy conversion, and chemical synthesis. This work can not only provide a guidance for interfacial H 2 O regulation in extensive hydrogenation reactions but also inspire the design of a novel hybrid flow battery with multiple functions., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: In the STOP-CA (Statins to Prevent the Cardiotoxicity From Anthracyclines) trial, atorvastatin preserved the left ventricular ejection fraction among patients with lymphoma treated with anthracyclines. The protective mechanisms are currently unclear., Objectives: The aim of this study was to test the effect of atorvastatin on the anthracycline-associated increase in myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)., Methods: Cardiac MRI with mapping was performed at baseline and at 12-month follow-up. ECV was calculated, and the primary endpoint was a ≥3% increase. Increases of ≥1 SD in native T1 and T2 times and ECV were secondary endpoints., Results: The subgroup included 171 participants with paired cardiac MRI scans, and 127 had contrast scans of appropriate quality (median age 52 years, 47% women). The proportion of participants with ≥3% increases in ECV was lower in the atorvastatin compared with the placebo group (8% vs 29%; P = 0.002; OR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.59). A ≥3% increase in ECV was associated with an 8.4% decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction at follow-up (95% CI: -6.31 to -10.38; P < 0.001). The proportion of participants with ≥1-SD increases in T1 and T2 times was statistically similar between groups at 12 months. At 24 months, there were fewer heart failure events among those without ≥3% increases in ECV (8% vs 24%; P = 0.054), though not statistically significantly., Conclusions: Compared with placebo, atorvastatin limited ECV expansion among participants with lymphoma undergoing anthracycline chemotherapy. This study is the first to provide mechanistic insight into statins' cardioprotective effects with anthracyclines. (Statins to Prevent the Cardiotoxicity From Anthracyclines [STOP-CA]; NCT02943590)., Competing Interests: Funding Support and Author Disclosures This study was supported by a grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) (R01HL130539) to Drs Neilan and Scherrer-Crosbie. Dr Neilan is supported by a gift from A. Curt Greer and Pamela Kohlberg and from Christina and Paul Kazilionis, the Michael and Kathryn Park Endowed Chair in Cardiology, and a Hassenfeld Scholar Award and has received additional grant funding from the NHLBI (grants R01HL137562 and K24HL150238). Dr Januzzi was supported in part by the Adolph Hutter Professorship. Dr Drobni was supported by the ÚNKP-23-4-II-SE New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund, Hungary. Dr Scherrer-Crosbie was supported by the NHLBI (grant R01131613) and has received additional grant funding from the American Society of Echocardiography. Dr Juhasz has received a scholarship from the Rosztoczy Foundation. Dr Ky is supported by grants R01HL148272, R01HL152707, R21HL157886, and K24HL167127. Dr Neilan has received personal fees for consulting from Bristol Myers Squibb; has received personal fees from Genentech, Roche, Sanofi, C4 Therapeutics, CardiolRx, and CRC Oncology; and has received grants from Bristol Myers Squibb and AstraZeneca. Dr Januzzi has served as a board member for Imbria Pharmaceuticals; has received grant support from Abbott, Applied Therapeutics, HeartFlow, Innolife, and Roche Diagnostics; has received consulting income from Abbott, Beckman, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, JanaCare, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Merck, Roche Diagnostics, and Siemens; and has participated in clinical endpoint committees and data and safety monitoring boards for Abbott, AbbVie, CVRx, Intercept, and Takeda. Dr Neuberg owns stock in Madrigal Pharmaceuticals. Dr Asnani serves as the principal investigator for a sponsored research agreement with Genentech; has received royalties from U.S. patent US20210163495A1 (Mass General Brigham); and sits on the Board of Directors for Corventum. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose., (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Our aim is to assess the potential of an MR system with ultrahigh performance gradients (200 mT/m maximum gradient strength) to address two interrelated challenges in cardiac DTI: low SNR and sensitivity to bulk motion., Methods: Imaging was performed in 20 healthy volunteers, two patients, and one swine post-myocardial infarction. The impact of maximum gradient strength was assessed with spin echo cardiac DTI featuring second-order motion compensation and varying maximum system gradient strengths (40, 80, 200 mT/m). Motion compensation requirements at 200 mT/m were assessed with sequences featuring zeroth-, first-, and second-order motion compensation. SNR, mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, helix angle transmurality, and secondary eigenvector angle in the left ventricle were compared., Results: Increasing maximum system gradient strength from 40 and 80 mT/m to 200 mT/m increased SNR of b = 500 s/mm 2 images by 150% and 40% due to reductions in TE. Observed improvements in DTI metrics included reduction in variance in mean diffusivity and helix angle transmurality across healthy volunteers, improved visualization of myocardial borders and delineation of suspected scar. Whereas second-order motion compensation acquisitions were robust to motion-induced signal dropout, zeroth- and first-order motion compensation acquisitions suffered from severe signal loss and localized signal voids, respectively., Conclusion: Ultrahigh performance gradients (200 mT/m) enable high SNR DWIs of the heart and resultant improvements in diffusion tensor metrics. Despite reduced diffusion-encoding duration, second-order motion compensation is required to overcome sensitivity to cardiac motion., (© 2024 The Author(s). Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.)

Due to the lack of blood vessels and nerves, the ability of cartilage to repair itself is limited, and the injury of articular cartilage urgently needs effective treatment. Currently, the limitation of clinical repair for cartilage defects is that it is difficult to form pure hyaline cartilage repair, and the source of cartilage tissue and cells is limited. To obtain high-purity regenerated hyaline cartilage, we proposed to construct an injectable hydrogel precursor by using human living hyaline cartilage graft (hLhCG) secreted by human chondrocytes as the dispersed phase and fibrinogen solution as the continuous phase, by double injection with thrombin, three-dimensional network hydrogel structure was formed under the action of thrombin to repair joint defects. The component phenotypes of hLhCG and biomechanical properties of composite gel scaffolds were verified. After 12 weeks of injection of the mixed phase at the defect site, the regenerated tissues are similar in composition to adjacent natural tissues and exhibit similar biomechanical properties. The phenotype of regenerated cartilage was verified, confirming the successful regeneration of hyaline cartilage., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose To assess the predictive value of left atrial (LA) fast long-axis strain derived from cardiac MRI for thrombotic events (TEs) in individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Materials and Methods This secondary analysis of an ongoing prospective trial (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900024094) included consecutive participants with HCM without atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent cardiac MRI from January 2012 to December 2020. The LA fast long-axis strain was obtained by semiautomatically tracking the distance between the atrioventricular junction and the midposterior LA wall. The primary end point was the occurrence of TEs, including ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, and systemic thromboembolism. The predictive value of LA strain was determined with Cox analysis. Results Overall, 714 participants with HCM (mean age ± SD, 50.1 years ± 14.3; 441 men, 273 women; obstructive HCM, n = 289; apical HCM, n = 144) were included (median follow-up: 51 months). Twenty-eight (3.9%) participants with HCM experienced TEs, 60% (17 of 28) of whom had no new-onset AF. Those who experienced TEs had lower LA reservoir and conduit strains (16.2% ± 7.3 vs 21.8% ± 8.3, P = .001; 5.9% ± 3.5 vs 9.7% ± 5.5, P = .01, respectively), with no evidence of a difference in LA booster strain between groups. LA reservoir and conduit strain were independent predictors of TEs in different multivariable models, even after adjusting for age, diabetes, and left ventricular ejection fraction (adjusted hazard ratios: reservoir strain [per 5% decrease], 1.29-1.34 [95% CI: 1.05, 1.50]; conduit strain [per 5% decrease], 1.42-1.47 [95% CI: 1.04, 1.67]). Conclusion Cardiac MRI-derived LA reservoir and conduit strain were independent predictors for the occurrence of TEs in individuals with HCM without AF. Keywords: MR-Imaging, Left Atrium, Cardiomyopathies, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Thromboembolism, Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Chinese Clinical Trial Registry no. ChiCTR1900024094 Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2025.

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO 3 - RR) for ammonia (NH 3 ) synthesis represents a significant technological advancement, yet it involves a cascade of elementary reactions alongside various intermediates. Thus, the development of multi-site catalysts for enhancing NO 3 - RR and understanding the associated reaction mechanisms for NH 3 synthesis is vital. Herein, a versatile approach is presented to construct platinum based high-entropy intermetallic (HEI) library for NH 3 synthesis. The HEI nanoparticles (NPs) are uniformly supported on a 2D nitrogen doped mesoporous carbon (N-mC) framework, featured with adjustable compositions (up to eight elements) and a high degree of atomic order (over 90%). Guided by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations and atomic structural analysis, a quinary Pt 0.8 Fe 0.2 Co 0.2 Ni 0.2 Cu 0.2 HEI NPs based N-mC catalyst is designed, which demonstrates a large ammonia Faradaic efffciency (>97%) and a remarkable recyclability (>20 cycles) under both acidic and basic conditions. The combined in situ experimental analysis and further DFT calculation suggests that the well-defined multi-sites nature of the HEI NPs cooperate for a tandem reduction mechanism, in which the Pt-X (X represents the other four transition elements) bridging sites offer optimal adsorption for key nitrogen-oxygen species while the Pt sites facilitate the generation and adsorption of *H species., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Aim: To assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) and clinical outcomes in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients., Methods: Non-ischemic DCM patients were prospectively enrolled. Regional adipose tissue, cardiac function, and myocardial tissue characteristics were measured by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). The primary endpoint included all-cause mortality and heart transplantation (HTX)., Results: This study enrolled 1042 DCM patients (68% men, mean age 48 ± 15 years, mean BMI 23.9 ± 4.0 kg/m2). Underweight patients were more frequently women, had lower blood pressure, worse New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, reduced biventricular ejection fraction, and higher native T1 and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) value. Similarly, reduced regional adipose tissue was associated with adverse heart remodeling, worse cardiac function, and higher diffuse myocardial fibrosis. After a median follow-up of 41 months, primary endpoint occurred in 237 patients. BMI (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90 - 0.98, P = 0.006), VAT thickness (per 1 mm: HR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91 - 0.97, P < 0.001), and EAT volume (per 1 mL: HR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.95 - 0.97, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of primary endpoint. EAT volume showed highest predictive value for heart failure death/HTX (C-index: 0.70). BMI was the best predictor of arrhythmia endpoint (C-index: 0.64)., Conclusions: Lower BMI and thinner regional adipose tissue represented the worse clinical phenotype and adverse remodeling, and were associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with DCM., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Plp1-lineage Schwann cells (SCs) of peripheral nerve play a critical role in vascular remodeling and osteogenic differentiation during the early stage of bone healing, and the abnormal plasticity of SCs would jeopardize the bone regeneration. However, how Plp1-lineage cells respond to injury and initiate the vascularized osteogenesis remains incompletely understood. Here, by employing single-cell transcriptional profiling combined with lineage-specific tracing models, we uncover that Plp1-lineage cells undergoing injury-induced glia-to-MSCs transition contributed to osteogenesis and revascularization in the initial stage of bone injury. Importantly, our data demonstrated that the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling was responsible for the transition process initiation, which was strongly activated by c-Jun/SIRT6/BAF170 complex-driven Shh enhancers. Collectively, these findings depict an injury-specific niche signal-mediated Plp1-lineage cells transition towards Gli1 + MSCs and may be instructive for approaches to promote bone regeneration during aging or other bone diseases., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Background: Frailty has become an increasingly recognized perioperative risk stratification tool. While frailty has been strongly correlated with worsening surgical outcomes, the individual determinants of frailty have rarely been investigated in the setting of aortic disease. The aim of this study was to examine the determinants of an 11-factor modified Frailty Index (mFI-11) on mortality and postoperative complications in patients undergoing endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR)., Methods: Data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database were queried for all patients undergoing nonemergent EVAR between 2005 and 2019. Univariate logistic regression was used to assess associations between mFI-11 variables and complications occurring within 30 days of surgery. Significant variables were then used for multivariate analysis. Variables included in mFI-11 scoring are diabetes, nonindependent functional status, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction (MI), previous percutaneous coronary intervention, cardiac surgery or angina, hypertension requiring medication, peripheral vascular disease, impaired sensorium, and previous transient ischemic attack or cerebrovascular accident. Overall complications included superficial surgical site infection, deep incisional surgical site infection, deep vein thrombosis, readmission, reintervention, bleeding requiring transfusions, major adverse events (MAEs), and mortality. MAEs included those classified as Clavien-Dindo grade IV, defined as life-threatening complications requiring intensive care unit-level management and single or multiple organ failure. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using SPSS 29., Results: A total of 50,798 patients were identified, resulting in a cohort that was 81% male with an average age of 73.3 ± 8.5 years. Binary regression revealed a significant increase in 30-day mortality (OR = 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34-1.66; P < 0.001), overall complications (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.25-1.35; P < 0.001), MAEs (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.45-1.65; P < 0.001), stroke (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.15-1.72; P < 0.001), prolonged mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.47-1.81; P < 0.001), acute kidney injury (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.20-1.57; P < 0.001), cardiac arrest (OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.44-2.04; P < 0.001), and MI (OR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.35-1.75; P < 0.001) per 1-point increase in mFI-11 score. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that functional dependency was highly associated with increased odds of all outcomes except stroke, cardiac arrest, and MI, and impaired sensorium was highly associated with 30-day mortality., Conclusion: The mFI-11 is a strong predictor for postoperative complications and mortality in patients undergoing nonemergent EVAR. Measurement of frailty should be considered in the preoperative assessment of patients being evaluated for EVAR, with particular attention to the risk/benefit of aortic repair in those with dependent functional status or impaired sensorium., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Hemodynamic force (HDF) from cardiac MRI can indicate subclinical myocardial dysfunction, and help identify early cardiac changes in patients with Fabry disease (FD). The hemodynamic change in FD patients remains unclear., Purpose: To explore HDF changes in FD and the potential of HDF measurements as diagnostic markers indicating early cardiac changes in FD., Study Type: Single-center, prospective, observational study., Population: Forty-six FD patients (age: 38 ± 12, females: 45.65%) and 46 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs)., Field Strength/sequence: 3 T, cardiac MRI including steady-state free precession cine imaging (during multiple breath-holds), phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequence for late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging, and motion-corrected modified Look-Locker inversion recovery sequence for T1 mapping., Assessment: Analysis of strains and HDF were performed on the cine imaging. HDF parameters includes apical-basal force, systolic impulse, systolic peak, systolic-diastolic transition, diastolic deceleration, and atrial thrust. Moreover, FD patients were categorized with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH+) (the maximal wall thickness >12 mm) or without LVH (LVH-). Mainz Severity Score Index (MSSI) score was calculated to measure the progression of FD., Statistical Tests: Group comparison tests, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were performed. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: FD patients showed significantly lower native T1 (1161.1 ± 55.4 vs. 1202.8 ± 42.0 msec) and higher systolic impulse (33.8 ± 9.9 vs. 24.8 ± 9.5%). The systolic impulse in HDF analysis increased even in the pre-hypertrophic stage. The increased myocardial global longitudinal strain (r = 0.419) and systolic impulse (r = 0.333) showed positive correlations with a higher MSSI score. The AUC of systolic impulse and global native T1 showed no significant difference (0.764 vs. 0.790, P = 0.784)., Data Conclusion: Increased systolic impulse and systolic peak can be observed in FD patients. Systolic impulse showed potential ability for screening pre-LVH FD patients and correlated with disease severity in FD patients., Plain Language Summary: This study explored hemodynamic changes in patients with Fabry disease (FD) using hemodynamic force (HDF) analysis based on cardiac MRI. 46 FD patients were included and analysis of cardiac function, native T1, strains, and hemodynamic changes on cardiac MRI images were performed. The results showed that systolic impulse and systolic peak of HDF analysis were increased in FD patients, and systolic impulse may increase even in the pre-hypertrophic stage. Systolic impulse was correlated with disease severity in patients with FD, which may be a potential image-based diagnosis and monitoring marker in FD patients., Evidence Level: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2., (© 2025 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.)

Exploring materials with the dual functionality of detecting and removing tetracycline (TC) residues is crucial because of the environmental and health risks posed by antibiotic overuse. This study introduces a dual-emissive luminescent probe, CDs@ZSM-5:Eu 3+ , created through a solvent-free method combined with subsequent Eu 3+ ion exchange. The nanocomposite's blue emission, originating from carbon dots (CDs), is quenched by TC via an internal filtering effect, while an antenna effect triggers a strong red fluorescence of a TC-Eu 3+ chelate. The ratiometric fluorescence changes in CDs@ZSM-5:Eu 3+ endow a self-calibrated sensing mechanism for TC, offering a low detection limit of 5.04 nM and a broad detection range of 0.01-50 μM. Demonstrated in real milk samples, the probe exhibits high selectivity and accuracy in detecting TC. The nanocomposite also displayed an impressive TC removal capacity of 238.1 mg g -1 in water, ascribing to the enrichment and electrostatic attraction effects of ZSM-5 toward TC molecules. This research offers a facile strategy for constructing multifunctional zeolite-based hybrids for simultaneous TC detection and removal from aqueous solutions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)