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In this study, alcalase and neutrase were used in combination to prepare collagen peptides with high calcium binding ability. The optimal conditions for the preparation of peptide-calcium chelate (mass ratio of peptide/calcium of 4.5:1 for 40 min at 50 °C and pH 9) were determined by response surface methodology (RSM), under which a calcium chelating rate of 78.38% was obtained. The results of Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis), fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra synthetically indicated that calcium could be chelated by carboxyl oxygen and amino nitrogen atoms of collagen peptides, thus forming peptide-calcium chelate. The chelate was stable at various temperatures and pH values, and exhibited excellent stability in the gastrointestinal environment, which could promote calcium absorption in human gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, Caco-2 cell monolayer model was used to investigate the effect of peptide-calcium chelate on promoting calcium absorption. Results showed that peptide-calcium chelate could significantly improve calcium transport in Caco-2 cell monolayer and reverse the inhibition of calcium absorption by phosphate and phytate. The findings provide a scientific basis for developing new calcium supplements and the high-value utilization of pig bone.

Developing a conceptual model is vital for small-scale organic farmer’s credit access to sustain the livelihoods. However, smallholders continually face severe problems in getting finance that lead to reduce investment and in turn, challenges the livelihoods. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish and empirically test a theoretical model to explore how agility and innovativeness in organic food value chain finance are achieved through ITI, TRST, CG, ICT, and IS, and how these, in turn, can accelerate financial flow in the value chain and enhance competitiveness. The present study used a survey method and collected data from small-scale farmers, traders, and financial institutions. The model and hypothesis are tested using data obtained from 331 respondents through partial least square structure equation modeling techniques. We argue that development of theoretical model show potential to increase creditworthiness of smallholders and overcome uncertainties that impede traditional value chain credit arrangement. Thus, the present study could provide new ways to integrate the value chain partners, through information and communication technology and governance arrangements in the organic food value chain financing. This study demonstrates that the mediations of innovativeness and agility significantly affect the development of new financial products to make agile the financial flow, which in turn positively influences value chain competitiveness. Significant judgments are required for trustworthy relations among the value chain partners to positively harness innovative product development for swifter value chain finance. Therefore, this theoretical model should not be regarded as a quick solution, but a process of testing, error, and learning by doing so.

In this paper, the Panel data model with errors-in-variables is considered, and the parameter estimation and testing problem of restricted condition are studied. Firstly, a corrected least squares method is proposed to estimate the unknown parameter vector, and the asymptotic property of the obtained estimator is shown under some regularity conditions. Then, to test the validity of linear restriction, a test statistic based on the difference of the corrected residual sum of squares under the null and alternative hypotheses is constructed, and its limiting distribution is derived. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is assessed by some simulation studies.

Spectral library contains massive celestial spectra, including millions of spectral data of various types, and the spectral information is mainly stored in FITS file. In astronomical research, it is often necessary to obtain various spectra quickly and easily. We designed and implemented a system was designed to achieve this goal. There are four parts of the system: FITS file read, SDSS information access, User interface and FITS file access. The System is an implementation for the local storage of FITS files, and it is convenient and quick to obtain sampling spectra randomly on demand. In this paper, the key techniques, the design and implementation in the system are introduced in detail. The system runs stably and efficiently after a period of practical application, and achieves the goal of fast file positioning. It provides a convenient platform for astronomical researchers.

Single-phase, high band gap energy Zn0.5Mg0.5O films were grown under oxygen pressure, using pulse laser deposition with a Zn0.5Mg0.5O target. Structural characterization studies revealed that the crystal structures of the ZnX-1MgXO films could be controlled via changes in the oxygen pressure. TEM analysis showed that the thickness of the deposited Zn1-xMgxO thin films was 50–75 nm. As the oxygen pressure increased, we found that one axis of the crystals did not show a very significant increase in the crystallization compared with that observed at low oxygen pressure. The X-ray diffraction peak intensity for the hexagonal-ZnMgO (002) plane increased relative to that for the cubic-ZnMgO (111) plane. The corresponding c-axis of the h-ZnMgO lattice constant increased from 5.141 to 5.148 Å, and the a-axis of the c-ZnMgO lattice constant decreased from 4.255 to 4.250 Å. EDX analysis showed that the Mg content in the mixed-phase ZnMgO films decreased significantly, from 54.25 to 46.96 at.%. As the oxygen pressure was increased from 100 to 150 mTorr, the absorption edge red-shifted from 3.96 to 3.81 eV; however, a film grown at the highest oxygen pressure tested here (200 mTorr)., {"references":["V. Srikantand D.R. Clarke, \"On the optical band gap of Zinc oxide,\"J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 83, pp. 5447-5451, 1998.","P. Bhattacharya, R.R. Das, and R.S. Katiyar, \"Fabrication of stable wide-band-gap ZnO/MgO multilayer thin films,\"Appl. Phys. Lett. Vol. 83, pp. 2010-2012, 2003.","M.H. Liang, Y.T. Ho, W.L. Wang, C.Y. Peng, and L. Chang, \"Growth of ZnMgO/ZnO films on r-plane sapphires by pulsed laser deposition,'J. Crystal Growth Vol. 310, pp.1847-1852, 2008.","I. Takeuchi, W. Yang, K.S. Chang, M.A. Aronova, T. Venkatesan, R.D. Vispute, and L.A. Bendersky,\"Monolithic multichannel ultraviolet detector arrays and continuous phase evolution in MgZnOcompositin spreads,\" J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 94, pp. 7336-7340, 2003.","Y. Chen, H.J. Ko, S.K. Hong, and T. Yao, \"Layer by layer growth of ZnOepilayer on Al2O3(0001) by using a MgO buffer layer,\"Appl. Phys. Lett. Vol. 76, pp.559-561, 2000.","A. Ohtomo, M. Kawasaki, T. Koida, K. Masubuchi, H. Koinuma, Y. Sakurai, Y. Yoshida, T. Yasuda, and Y. Segawa,\"MgZnO as a II-V wideband gap semiconductor alloy,\" Appl. Phys. Lett. Vol. 72 pp. 2466-2468, 1998.","C.Y. Liu, H.Y. Xu, L. Wang, X.H. Li, and Y.C. Liu, \"Pulse laser deposition of high Mg-content MgZnO films: Effects of substrate and oxygen pressure,\"J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 106, pp. 073518-1-073518-4, 2009.","Z.G. Ju, C.X. Shan, D.Y. Jiang, J.Y. Zhang, B. Yao, D.X. Zhao, D.Z. Shen, and X.W. Fan, \"MgZnO based photodetectors covering the whole solar-blind spectrum range,\"Appl. Phys. Lett. Vol. 93, pp. 173505-1-173505-3, 2008.","B.P. Zhang, N.T. Binh, K. Wakatsuki, C.Y. Liu, Y. Segawa, and N. Usami, \"Growth of ZnO/ZnMgO quantum wells on sapphire substrates and observation of the two-dimensional confinement effect,\" Appl. Phys. Lett. Vol. 86, pp. 032105-1-032105-3, 2005.\n[10]\tJ. Z, Chen, C-H. Li, and I-C. Cheng, \"Phase transition of room temperature RF-sputtered ZnO/MgZnO multilayer thin films after thermal annealing,\"Thin Solid Films Vol.520, pp.1918-1923, 2012.\n[11]\tZ. Vashaei, T. Minegishi, H. Suzuki, T. Hanada, M.W. Cho, T. Yao, and A. Setiawan,\"Structure variation of cubic and hexagonal MgZnO layer grown on MgO(111)/c-sapphire,\"J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 98, pp. 054911-1-054911-4, 2005.\n[12]\tX. Chen and J. Kang,\"The structural properties of wurtzite and rocksalt MgZnO,\"Semicond. Sci. Technol.Vol. 23, pp. 025008, 2008.\n[13]\tA. Kaushal and D. Kaur,\"Effect of Mg content on the structural, electrical and optical properties of ZnMgO nanocomposite thin films,\"Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells Vol. 93 pp. 193-198, 2009."]}