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Gut microbiota significantly influences human health, impacted by factors like diet, genetics, and environment. Camel milk, especially in its fermented form, is rich in nutrients and flee from common allergens, offering both nutritional and therapeutic benefits for centuries. However, comprehensive studies on its effects on gut microbiota and metabolic health are scarce. Our findings demonstrate that fermented camel milk contains beneficial microbes, such as Lactobacillus helveticus and Eubacterium liinosum, which can be transmitted to humans and animals, potentially enhancing gut health and metabolic functions. This study specified that the transportation of microbiome happened both intra- and niter-species and played a principal role in the formation of progeny gut microflora. Specifically, in diabetic rat models, camel whey significantly normalized gut flora and serum metabolites. This underscores camel milk’s potential as a functional food, particularly for managing metabolic disorders.

This review aims at offering an up-to-date comprehensive summary of carbon fibers (CFs)-based composites, with the emphasis on smart assembly and purpose-driven specific functionalization for their critical applications associated with flexible sensors. We first give a brief introduction to CFs as a versatile building block for preparation of mutil-fountional materials and the current status of research studies on CFs. This is followed by addressing some crucial methods of preparation of CFs. We then summarize multiple possibilities of functionalising CFs, an evaluation of some key applications of CFs in the areas of flexible biosensors was also carried out.

The impact of climates on the radial growth of muti-species remains insufficiently understood in the climate-sensitive southeastern Tibetan Plateau, and this hampers an effective assessment of forest growth under the background of global warming. Here, we studied the growth–climate relationships of three major species (Abies georgei, Larix potaninii, and Picea likiangensis) on the Baima Snow Mountain (BSM) by using dendrochronology methods. We constructed basal area increment (BAI) residual chronologies based on the dated ring-width measurements and correlated the chronologies with four climate factors. We also calculated the contributions of each climate factor to species growth. We found that photothermal conditions played a more important role than moisture in modulating radial growth, and P. likiangensi presented the strongest sensitivity to climate change among the three species. The growing season (June and July) temperature positively affected the radial growth of three species. Winter (previous December and current January) SD negatively impacted the tree growth of A. georgei and P. likiangensis. Significant correlations between growth and precipitation were detected only in A. georgei (January and May). Warming since the beginning of the 1950s promoted the growth of A. georgei and P. likiangensis, while the same effect on L. potaninii growth was found in the recent 50 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This study aims to bring experimental teaching to the forefront of the development of professional technology and improve the theoretical foundation and practical ability of undergraduate and postgraduate students in related courses. Mastering the technical methods of modeling, control, programming, PLC design, virtual simulation, and solving practical problems using virtual-reality mapping technology is an indispensable technology for the intelligence of future equipment. Therefore, this study employs virtual reality mapping technology to design and practice the reciprocating motion of a stepping motor. This technology can significantly improve the students' innovation and practical abilities and is a useful exploration of digital practice teaching research. [Methods] The experimental setup of the stepper motor reciprocating motion was designed and built, and the virtual and real mapping of the stepper motor reciprocating motion was realized through PLC motion control design, NX MCD mechatronic concept simulation design, S7-200 PC Access Smart server building, and LabVIEW control system building. The hardware part of the motion control is composed of an S7-200 smart encoder, stepper motor, and a switch, and the programming is completed by STEP 7-MicroWIN SMART. The motion logic and control program of the stepper motor are established and visualized through the NX MCD. The OPC server was constructed using S7-200 PC Access Smart. The design of the control system interface was completed through LabVIEW to achieve the control system to control the stepper motor to perform a reciprocating motion, while the virtual model of the stepper motor in NX MCD maps the physical movement to the virtual reality. [Results] The experimental results show the following: 1) The diversity of the control methods. The control system designed using LabVIEW can complete the same control function as the hardware switch, and the virtual console and control buttons in the NX MCD simulation environment can achieve the given control function with the same role as the control system and the hardware switch, realizing various control modes for stepping motors. 2) Sharing of control variables. Through the OPC server, real-time synchronization of the controller and simulation platform can be achieved in the virtual model of the variable state. 3) Virtual-reality mapping. When the control system controls the stepper motor to perform the reciprocating motion, the MCD stepper motor virtual model can detect the current variable state of the controller through the OPC server to update the motion state and visualize the motion state of the stepper motor in real time. Concurrently, the hardware switches and the buttons of the MCD virtual console can be operated to achieve the same changes in the motion state of the stepper motor and the virtual model. [Conclusions] Based on the experiment of the NX MCD stepper motor virtual and real mapping, the case can not only meet the experimental teaching of the cutting-edge technology for undergraduate and postgraduate students but is also simple to operate and easy to copy. The case could greatly improve the student's deep understanding of professional theory, provide a technical means to achieve equipment intelligence and a new method for improving students' professional ability and problem-solving ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify the parameters interaction effects and improve the forming quality of Fe-Cr alloy multilayer laser powder-fed additive manufacturing (LPF-AM) on AISI 4340 substrate, experimental research for Fe-Cr alloy multilayer LPF-AM was carried out via the response surface method (RSM). The interaction effects and evolution rules of laser energy density (E), powder feed rate (Q), and Z -axis increment (h) on minimum cladding height, deposition efficiency and surface spheroidization defects were discussed. The multiobjective particle filter resampling particle swarm optimization (MORPSO) algorithm was adopted to optimize the processing parameters. The phase transformation, grain growth, and microhardness of multilayer LPF-AM were analyzed. The results showed that the powder feed rate and Z -axis increment were found to affect the minimum cladding height and deposition efficiency, respectively. Laser energy density played an essential role in spheroidization defects. The forming quality was significantly improved based on the optimal process parameters of E = 33 J/mm2, Q = 0.5 g/s, and h = 0.8 mm. The primary and secondary remelting zones are fine equiaxed dendrites and irregular cellular structures, respectively, and the microstructure of the cladding tracks and layers showed a good metallurgical bonding. The microhardness of the cladding layer ranged from 321 ± 18 to 625 ± 24 HV0.5, and the average microhardness is twice that of the AISI 4340 substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]