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In this study, the asymmetric relationship between the Risk Tendency Indices calculated for each investor type and Turkey's CDS premium is investigated. The data set of the study consists of weekly frequency data covering the period April 2010-December 2023. Nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) method and Hatemi-J and Roca (2014) asymmetric causality test was used in the empirical analysis of the study. The findings show that in the long run, positive changes in the CDS premium have a greater impact on REKS Domestic and REKS Qualified indices than negative changes, while negative changes in the CDS premium have a greater impact on REKS Domestic Real, REKS Domestic Corporate and REKS Domestic Funds indices than positive changes. These findings reveal that the effects of market risks and uncertainties on investor groups are asymmetric.

This study investigates the long-term relationship between Credit Default Swap (CDS) premiums and exchange rates among the BRICS-T countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkey) known for their significant impacts on both regional and global dynamics, advanced industrialization, rapid economic growth, and considerable profit potential. Utilizing the RALS-LM unit root test and the RALS-EG cointegration test, and Hacker and Hatemi-J bootstrap causality test, this research circumvents the limitations commonly associated with traditional econometric approaches. A comprehensive and up-to-date dataset, reflecting intensive global and regional movements, was employed, consisting of daily data from January 2020 to June 2024. The findings indicate a long-term relationship between CDS premiums and exchange rates in all countries except Turkey. As the relationship is positive, it can be interpreted that an increase in the exchange rate will increase the CDS premium of countries. In terms of causality, strong evidence that the CDS premium is the cause of the exchange rate is only valid for Turkey. For Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa, we find that the exchange rate is the cause of the CDS premium. As a result, it is concluded that exchange rate movements may affect CDS premiums in these countries.

OBJECTIVE: Long-term comparison studies between infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) with or without immunomodulator therapy are still needed in Crohn’s disease (CD). In this study, we evaluated IFX and ADA for longterm clinical effectiveness and safety in CD patients who had not previously received a biologic treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The data of adult CD patients were collected retrospectively between December 2007 and February 2021. We compared CD-related hospitalization, CD-related abdominal surgery, steroid use, and serious infections. RESULTS: Out of 224 CD patients, 101 started IFX first (median age: 38.12 years, 61.4% male), while 123 started ADA first (median age: 30.2 years, 64.2% male). The disease durations were 7.01 years and 6.91 years for IFX and ADA, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to age, gender, smoking, immunomodulator usage, and disease activity score at the onset of anti-TNF therapy (p>0.05). Overall, the median follow-up time was 2.36 and 1.86 years after starting anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF) therapy in the IFX and ADA groups, respectively. Steroid use (4.0% vs. 10.6%, p=0.109), hospitalization for CD (13.9% vs. 22.8%, p=0.127), abdominal surgery for CD (9.9% vs. 13.0%, p=0.608), and major infections (1.0% vs. 0.8%, p>0.999) did not differ significantly from one another. There were also no significant differences in the rates of these outcomes between concomitant immunomodulator therapy and monotherapy (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we observed no significant differences in the long-term effectiveness and safety of IFX and ADA in biologic-naïve patients with CD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to examine the genotype-allele determination of CYP1A2 rs2069514 and rs762551 polymorphisms in patients with mild and severe COVID-19 and to determine their effectiveness as prognostic criteria in COVID-19. The study consists of 60 patients who were hospitalized in intensive care or outpatient treatment due to COVID-19 in Istanbul NP Brain Hospital between 2020–2021. Genotyping was conducted by Real-Time PCR. Age (p

Bu çalışmada; 1992.Q1-2019.Q3 dönemini kapsayan zaman serisi verisi kullanılarak Türkiye’de imalat sanayi sektöründe, ar-ge yoğunluğu ile tamamlayıcı varlıkların firma değeri üzerindeki olası etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Serilerin durağanlık düzeyleri ADF (1981), ve Zivot ve Andrews (1992) birim kök testleri kullanılarak tespit edilmektedir. Seriler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişkiler tek yapısal kırılmaya izin veren Gregory ve Hansen (1996) eşbütünleşme testi ile incelenmektedir. Son olarak, aralarında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi tespit edilen değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişkileri gösteren katsayıların tahminlemesinde, yapısal kırılmaların kukla değişken olarak analize dâhil edilebildiği Stock ve Watson (1993) tarafından geliştirilen dinamik en küçük kareler yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. Dinamik en küçük kareler tahmincisi sonuçlarına göre; ar-ge yoğunluğu değişkenlerinden “ar-ge harcamaları/ net satışlar” ile tamamlayıcı varlıklara ilişkin değişkenlerin, firma değerine karşı uzun dönem katsayıları istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. Kırılma tarihi (2005.Q1) de dahil olmak üzere, bu tarihe kadar, “ar-ge harcamaları/net satışlar” değişkeninin firma değerini pozitif yönde etkilediği görülürken; söz konusu etkileşim kırılma tarihi sonrasında negatife dönmektedir. Tamamlayıcı varlıklara ilişkin değişken ise kırılma tarihine kadar firma değerini negatif yönde etkilerken, söz konusu etkileşim kırılma tarihi sonrasında tersine dönmektedir. Bir diğer arge yoğunluğu değişkeni olan “ar-ge harcamaları/ toplam aktifler” değişkeninin ise gerek kırılma tarihinden önce gerekse de sonra firma değeri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmamaktadır.

This study assessed whether NAC could prevent cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced damage, by measuring the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into four groups: CY + NAC, CY, NAC and control, each including 12 rats. There was no significant difference among the 24-h AMH values of the groups (p = 0.452), whereas a significant difference was found in terms of 72-h values (p = 0.003). Paired comparisons revealed no significant difference between CY and CY + NAC (p>0.699) and NAC (p = 0.065) groups regarding 72-h AMH values. However, AMH concentrations of the CY group at 72 hours were significantly lower than those of the control group (p = 0.015). AMH concentrations of the CY + NAC group at 72 hours were also significantly lower than those of the NAC group (p = 0.002) and the control group (p = 0.002). The AMH levels of CY and CY + NAC groups at 72 hours were significantly lower than those at 24 hours. The 24-h and 72-h AMH levels in the NAC and control groups were similar. In the present study, a single dose of NAC failed to prevent the cytotoxic effects of CY. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]