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Abstract: A novel technique of symmetric type quasi-linear electron pulse duration modulation is proposed. The salient feature from the conventional photoelectron gun is the introduction of the alternating electric field resonator. The electric field that results is synchronously controlled to generate the desired quasi-linear differential energy modulation on the electron pulse passing through. The effect resulted directly is that the leading electrons undergo negative energy modulation and decelerate, while the rear ones positive energy modulation and accelerate, which eventually leads to electron-pulse-duration modulation. The technical details are demonstrated, together with an illustration example. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A novel three-dimensional (3D) prickly-like SnO 2 nanostructure has been effectively synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The obtained nanostructures consist of SnO 2 nanosheets and arrayed SnO 2 nanorods. The field-emission properties of prickly-like SnO 2 nanostructures have been measured to exhibit a lower turn-on electric field of 0.87 V μm −1 , threshold electric field of 1.2 V μm −1 . This high-performance emitter material can be applied as field-emission flat panel displays and cold electron sources in display devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: 3D (Three-dimensional) ZnO (zinc oxide)/rGO (reduced graphene oxide)/ZnO sandwich-structured were synthesized by adding zinc oxide powder to the reaction of graphitic oxide reduction and heating. In this reaction, ZnO nanorods arrays with the size of 20–40 nm grew on both surfaces of rGO sheets directly. Compared with the rGO, the as-obtained ZnO/rGO/ZnO exhibited higher surface area. The electrochemical performance of ZnO/rGO/ZnO electrodes was investigated for energy storage. The maximum specific capacitance of 275 F g−1 at scan rate of 5 mV s−1 by chronopotentiometry was achieved for ZnO/rGO/ZnO sandwich-structured in 1.0 M Na2SO4. The hybrid ZnO/rGO/ZnO sandwich-structured exhibited an excellent rate capability and excellent long-term cycling stability as compared with rGO. Such results demonstrated that this ZnO/rGO/ZnO sandwich-structured was a promising candidate of electrode material for high-performance supercapacitor. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] A surface-to-surface contact between graphene and SnO2 nanoplates is synthesized for the first time. [•] The synthesized method is easier to implement without template. [•] The as-synthesized materials exhibit high-performance supercapacitor than pure SnO2 and other SnO2/graphene nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]