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Background This study compared Debriefing for Meaningful Learning© (DML) and the Gather−Analyze−Summarize (GAS) method during high-risk neonate simulation training for nursing students. Methods From October to December 2020, 60 students were assigned to experimental (DML; n = 32) and control (GAS; n = 28) groups. Weeks one and two included pre-simulation briefing and practice. Weeks three and four included simulations and debriefing. Results Knowledge, metacognitive strategy, problem-solving skills, and clinical reasoning significantly improved in the experimental group. Problem-solving ability improved more significantly in the experimental group, compared with the control group. Conclusions DML effectively increases nursing students’ problem-solving abilities.

AIM This study examined the effect of an individualized educational intervention on the knowledge, attitudes and self-management ability after 12 weeks for outpatients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS A randomized control-group pretest-post-test experimental design was used. Elderly outpatients with atrial fibrillation aged over 65 years were recruited from a university hospital in Korea. The experimental group received a 50-min individualized education on self-management, one telephone counselling after 8 weeks and maintenance of a self-management diary for 12 weeks. Data were collected from November 2017 to April 2018 and analysed using SPSS 22.0 for descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing. RESULTS The participants' mean age was 71.9 (4.6) years. Compared to the control group (n = 29), the experimental group (n = 31) showed a significantly greater improvement in knowledge regarding atrial fibrillation and stroke prevention (t = -2.27, p = .027) and self-management behaviours (t = -8.02, p

Aim To examine the effects of a simulated emergency airway management education program on the self-efficacy and clinical performance among nurses in intensive care units. Methods A one-group, pre- and post-test design was used. Thirty-five nurses who were working in adult intensive care units participated in this study. The simulation education program included lectures, skill demonstration, skill training, team-based practice, and debriefing. Self-efficacy and clinical performance questionnaires were completed before the program and 1 week after its completion. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and the paired t-test to compare the mean differences between the pre-test and post-test. The scores before and after education were compared. Results After education, there was a significant improvement in the nurses' self-efficacy and clinical performance in emergency airway management situations. Conclusion Simulation education effectively improved the self-efficacy and clinical performance of the nurses who were working in intensive care units. Based on the program for clinical nurses within a hospital, it will provide information that might advance clinical nursing education.

Depleted Uranium (DU) is one of the strongest candidates as a getter material of hydrogen isotopes in the nuclear fusion reactor. In this work, small DU lump specimen with 99.8% purity was prepared for observation of morphology variation as hydriding/dehydriding cycles. Hydriding/dehydriding of DU was carried out more than 10 cycles for powder preparation. The pulverized DU specimen was safely handled in the glove box under Argon gas condition to minimize contact with oxygen and humidity. The morphology change according to hydriding/dehydriding cycles was observed by visual cell reactor, optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The first hydriding of the small DU sample has progressed slowly with surface enlargement and volume expansion as time passes. After third hydriding/dehydriding cycles, most of DU was pulverized. The powder fineness of DU developed as hydriding/dehydriding cycle progresses. But the agglomerates of fine DU particles were observed. It was confirmed that the DU particles exist as porous agglomerates. And the particle agglomerate shows poor fluidity and even has the cohesive force.

We numerically studied the effects of additional components for internal heat transfer enhancement—that is, heat fins and metal foams—on the hydrogen charging performance. First, we applied a three-dimensional transient hydrogen absorption model developed in our previous works to two different experimental MHBs: one with heat fins and the other with metal foam. The simulation results were then compared with the experimental data measured during the hydrogen charging processes. The model predictions were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data in terms of the bed temperature evolution and hydrogen charging time. In addition, a parametric study was conducted on various MHBs with heat fins or metal foams that were designed to contain the same amount of ZrCo powder for the sake of comparison. The detailed analysis of the hydrogen absorption behavior with different MHB designs clearly demonstrated that superior MHB design should exhibit a higher effective conductivity in the metal powder region and lower overall thermal mass; these two advanced features can be achieved by using a metal foam with optimum porosity.

The Storage and Delivery System (SDS) of the ITER Tritium Plant plays an important role in delivering fuel gases. An experimental evaluation is one of the tools used to realize the process design of the SDS. The capacity of the buffer vessels is strongly related with determining the amount of equipment and the operating conditions. The minimum operating pressure of the buffer vessels is evaluated with respect to the various conditions of the buffer vessel switching criterion and the number of metal bellows pumps parallel-combined for each ITER plasma operation. Under the selected conditions, a case study was performed to propose Isotope Separation System (ISS) interface information with respect to the number of the buffer vessels.

Consecutive absorption/desorption cycles of the ZrCo–H2 system were studied to simulate the real International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) hydrogen getter system. A ZrCo getter was used in this paper instead of the depleted uranium (DU) getter material, which has been recently considered as the hydrogen getter in ITER. In a cyclic pressure-composition isotherm (PCI) measurement, the high-pressure Sievert apparatus seems impractical to describe the equilibrium state of the ZrCo–H2 system in detail, especially for the desorption stage. This high-pressure PCI apparatus, however, shows cause and effect well, from the previous getter state to the following state in presenting hydriding/dehydriding performance. In case of the ZrCo–H2 system or in case of the DU–H2 system having multiple getter bed battery, a similar affection by previous getter status might be related and a similar aspect could be shown to consider further ITER design; for example, a need for control logic from PCI measurements using a high-pressure Sievert apparatus.

ITER Storage and Delivery System (SDS) is a complex system involving tens of storage beds. The most important SDS getter bed will be used for the absorption and desorption of hydrogen isotopes in accordance with the fusion fuel cycle scenario. In this paper the current status concerning research/development activities for the optimal approach to the final SDS design is introduced. A thermal analysis is performed and discussed on the aspect of heat losses considering whether the reflector and/or the feed-through is present or not. A thermal hydraulic simulation shows that the presence of 3 or 4 reflectors minimize the heat loss. Another important point is to introduce the real-time gas analysis in the He{sup 3} collection system. In this study 2 independent strength methods based on gas chromatography and quadruple mass spectrometer for one and on a modified self-assaying quadruple mass spectrometer for the second are applied to separate the hydrogen isotopes in helium gas. Another issue is the possibility of using depleted uranium getter material for the storage of hydrogen isotopes, especially of tritium.

For the safety of fusion fuel cycle, hydrogen isotope gases including tritium are stored as metal hydride form. To satisfy fueling requirement of fusion machine, rapid delivery from metal hydride b...

To examine the effects of a simulated emergency airway management education program on the self-efficacy and clinical performance among nurses in intensive care units.A one-group, pre- and post-test design was used. Thirty-five nurses who were working in adult intensive care units participated in this study. The simulation education program included lectures, skill demonstration, skill training, team-based practice, and debriefing. Self-efficacy and clinical performance questionnaires were completed before the program and 1 week after its completion. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and the paired t-test to compare the mean differences between the pre-test and post-test. The scores before and after education were compared.After education, there was a significant improvement in the nurses' self-efficacy and clinical performance in emergency airway management situations.Simulation education effectively improved the self-efficacy and clinical performance of the nurses who were working in intensive care units. Based on the program for clinical nurses within a hospital, it will provide information that might advance clinical nursing education.

Purpose Spontaneous echo-contrast (SEC) appears on B-mode images as moving curls of smoke in the lumen of veins. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of internal jugular vein SEC among patients with stroke, in comparison with control subjects. Methods We enrolled 97 Korean patients with acute ischemic stroke and 50 controls. Both internal jugular veins were examined for the presence and severity of SEC and measurement of flow velocity. Venous samples were obtained for laboratory evaluation of hematologic factors. Results In 294 internal jugular veins, the prevalence of SEC was 81% in stroke patients and 68% in controls (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–3.6; p = 0.013). Stroke patients were more likely to have SEC on the left (p = 0.025) than on the right (p = 0.184) internal jugular vein. Overall, the association between stroke and SEC remained significant after adjustment for other variables (odds ratio, 4.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.7–10.8; p = 0.002). Conclusions Internal jugular vein SEC was found more frequently in stroke patients than in controls. However, local as well as systemic factors must be considered in the interpretation of this finding. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43:431–437, 2015

The compressibility effect on the hydride reaction of ZrCo, intermetallic compound, was studied using a visual cell reactor. In this study the compressibility effect on the hydride reaction of the ZrCo getter material was investigated by measuring the hydriding rate and monitoring the behavior through a visual cell. As a result, the ZrCo hydride reaction is found that the compressibility to the hydride reaction state has an effect on the initial hydride reaction rate and the final saturation state. For the hydride reaction of the ZrCo under pressurized reaction the log t 1/2 vs. log( p / p 0 ) is well represented by a straight line as the overall irreversible reaction having n th order reaction, where n is nearly 0.1. Even though the hydride reaction rate of the ZrCo is strongly hindered by the system compressibility, the inclination of hydride formation and the volume expansion could be propagated in a limited container space.

Tremella fuciformis, one of edible and medicinal mushroom belonging to Tremellaceae of Basidiomycota, has been known to have a curative effect on sarcoma 180 of mice and lowering high blood pressure of human beings. Neutral salt soluble [0.9% NaCl (Fr. NaCl)], hot water soluble (Fr. HW) and methanol soluble (Fr. MeOH) substances were extracted from Tremella fuciformis. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, Fr. HW and Fr. NaCl were not cytotoxic against cancer cell lines such as NIH3T3, Sarcoma 180, and HT-29 at the concentration of , while Fr. MeOH was cytotoxic to NIH3T3 and Sarcoma 180. Intraperitoneal injection with Fr. NaCl showed antitumor effect with life prolongation of 53% in mice inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. NaCl improved the immunopotentiation activity of B lymphocyte by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by folds, respectively. Intraperitoneal injection with Fr. NaCl increased the numbers of peritoneal exudated cells and circulating leukocytes by 7.4 folds and 1.6 folds, respectively, than in the control group. The antitumor effect of T. fuciformis against Sarcoma 180 of mice was likely due to immunopotentiation activity.

Background: The study was to examine Perceived Health Status, Climacteric Symptoms, and Health-Promoting Lifestyle among Middle-Aged Women residing in Jeju Island, and to identify the relationship among variables, ultimately to provide the basic data in developing health-promoting program for them in future.Methods: The data were collected from Sep. 1st to Sep. 20th, 2004, and the subjects consisted of 112 women aged between 40 years old and 60 years old, residing at Jejudo. Data analyses were conducted by using Pearson correlation coefficients, t-test, and ANOVA.Results: In Health-promoting lifestyle, the more educated subjects and those who have experienced diseases were found doing more health-promoting lifestyle. In perceived health status, the subjects educated over college, the subjects satisfied with marriage, and the subjects who have not experienced diseases were indicating higher. In climacteric symptoms, subjects aged 50 to 59 years old, subjects educated less than primary school, subjects not satisfied with marriage, and subjects with monthly family income over 2 million Won were higher. Subjects with experience of diseases were also higher than subjects with no experience of diseases. Health-promoting lifestyle was positively correlated with perceived health status and showed no correlation with climacteric symptoms.Conclusion: It was suggested that similar studies should be carried out for more subjects from various provinces, as the study was limited to only 112 middle-aged women residing at Jejudo, and thereby the development of health-promoting program for middle-aged women should be conducted.

Neutral salt-soluble, hot water-soluble and methanol-soluble materials (hereinafter referred to Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH, respectively) were extracted from sclerotium of Grifola umbellata. The Fr. NaCl and Fr. HW did not show any direct cytotoxicity against NIH3T3, Sarcoma 180 and MCF-7, but Fr. MeOH showed cytotoxicity against these cell lines at the concentration of . Intraperitoneal injection with Fr. NaCl showed antitumor effect with life prolongation of 66.7% and decrease the number of Sarcoma 180 cells of 54.2% in mice inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. NaCl improved the immunopotentiation activity through alternative complement pathway and the alkaline phosphatase activity by and 6 folds, respectively. The number of peritoneal exudate cells and the circulating leucocytes were increased by 1.7 and 3.6 folds in the Fr. NaCl treating group compared with the control group, respectively. The weight of immunoorgans such as liver, spleen and thymus were also gradually increased. The hematological analysis of the Fr. NaCl group was similar with that of the control group. The total polysaccharide and protein contents of Fr. NaCl were 98.25% and 1.44%, respectively. These results indicate that the antitumor activity of Fr. NaCl was exerted through immunopotentiation, but not through cytotoxicity against the tumor cells.

KSI (ketosteroid isomerase) from Comamonas testosteroni is a homodimeric enzyme that catalyses the allylic isomerization of Delta5-3-ketosteroids to their conjugated Delta4-isomers at a reaction rate equivalent to the diffusion-controlled limit. Based on the structural analysis of KSI at a high resolution, the conserved cis-Pro39 residue was proposed to be involved in the proper positioning of Asp38, a critical catalytic residue, since the residue was found not only to be structurally associated with Asp38, but also to confer a structural rigidity on the local active-site geometry consisting of Asp38, Pro39, Val40, Gly41 and Ser42 at the flexible loop between b-strands B1 and B2. In order to investigate the structural role of the conserved cis-Pro39 residue near the active site of KSI, Pro39 was replaced with alanine or glycine. The free energy of activation for the P39A and P39G mutants increased by 10.5 and 16.7 kJ/mol (2.5 and 4.0 kcal/mol) respectively, while DG(U)H2O (the free-energy change for unfolding in the absence of urea at 25.00+/-0.02 degrees C) decreased by 31.0 and 35.6 kJ/mol (7.4 and 8.5 kcal/mol) respectively, compared with the wild-type enzyme. The crystal structure of the P39A mutant in complex with d-equilenin [d-1,3,5(10),6,8-estrapentaen-3-ol-17-one], a reaction intermediate analogue, determined at 2.3 A (0.23 nm) resolution revealed that the P39A mutation significantly disrupted the proper orientations of both d-equilenin and Asp38, as well as the local active-site geometry near Asp38, which resulted in substantial decreases in the activity and stability of KSI. Upon binding 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulphonic acid, the fluorescence intensities of the P39A and P39G mutants were increased drastically, with maximum wavelengths blue-shifted upon binding, indicating that the mutations might alter the hydrophobic active site of KSI. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the conserved cis-Pro39 residue plays a crucial role in the proper positioning of the critical catalytic base Asp38 and in the structural integrity of the active site in KSI.

Spontaneous echo-contrast (SEC) appears on B-mode images as moving curls of smoke in the lumen of veins. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of internal jugular vein SEC among patients with stroke, in comparison with control subjects.We enrolled 97 Korean patients with acute ischemic stroke and 50 controls. Both internal jugular veins were examined for the presence and severity of SEC and measurement of flow velocity. Venous samples were obtained for laboratory evaluation of hematologic factors.In 294 internal jugular veins, the prevalence of SEC was 81% in stroke patients and 68% in controls (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.6; p = 0.013). Stroke patients were more likely to have SEC on the left (p = 0.025) than on the right (p = 0.184) internal jugular vein. Overall, the association between stroke and SEC remained significant after adjustment for other variables (odds ratio, 4.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-10.8; p = 0.002).Internal jugular vein SEC was found more frequently in stroke patients than in controls. However, local as well as systemic factors must be considered in the interpretation of this finding.

Ultrasound blood imaging can be used to the clinical applications including the in-vivo measurement of erythrocyte aggregation (EA). In the present paper, the ultrasound blood images were measured at both radial (RA) and common carotid artery (CCA) of the stroke patients and the control group. The pulsatility index of blood echogenicity (PIBE) was computed from the images, and PIBE from the patient group were higher than those from the control group, in RA (0.22±0.02 and 0.16±0.03) but not in CCA (0.35±0.02 and 0.32±0.01). Similarly, the fibrinogen concentrations of the patients were higher than those of the control group in RA (336±61 and 264±38 mg/dl) but not in CCA (340±126 and 257±43 mg/dl) except for a patient (555 mgIdl). The glucose concentrations of the patients were higher than those of the control group for CCA (129±32 and 92±16 mg/dl) but not for RA (128±39 and 98±13 mg/dl) except for a patient (210 mg/dl). Based on the present research, we suggest that EA can be estimated using ultrasound imaging in the RA and CCA, and that the in-vivo EA estimation would be contributed to the clinical applications for stroke patients.

Consecutive absorption/desorption cycles of the ZrCo-H 2 system were studied to simulate the real ITER hydrogen getter system. ZrCo getter was used in this study instead of the depleted uranium (DU) getter material which was recently considered as the hydrogen getter in ITER. In a cyclic PCI measurement the high-pressure Sievert apparatus seems impractical to describe the equilibrium state of the ZrCo-H 2 system in detail, especially for the desorption stage. This high-pressure Pressure-Composition Isotherm (PCI) apparatus, however, shows a cause-and-effect well, from the previous getter state to the following state in presenting hydriding/dehydriding performance. In case of the ZrCo-H 2 system or in case of the DU-H 2 system, having multiple getter bed battery, a similar affection by the previous getter status might be related and a similar aspect could be shown to should consider further in ITER design, for example a need for control logic, from PCI measurements using a high-pressure Sievert apparatus.

Purpose: This paper was conducted to validate the Korean version of the Peer Group Caring Interaction Scale (PGCIS-K) that measures caring behaviors as experienced by nursing students. Methods: Translation of the PGCIS-K was validated through forward-backward translation methods. Survey data were collected from 218 nursing students in a nursing school. Construct validity and criterion-related validity were evaluated. Internal consistency and the Guttman split-half coefficient were calculated to assess reliability. Results: The PGIS-K showed reliability except for 4 items (Cronbach’s α=.91, Guttman split-half coefficient=.85), which were low (

Cystoderma amianthinum, one of edible fungi belongs to Agaricaceae of Basidiomycota, has a good taste and flavor. This study was carried out to obtain the basic informations for the optimum mycelial growth of C. amianthinum. The optimal conditions for the mycelial growth were 25℃ and pH 5 in potato dextrose agar (PDA). C. amianthinum showed the favorable growth in the PDA and yeast malt extract agar (YMA). The favorable carbon and nitrogen sources promoting mycelial growth were fructose and histidine, respectively. The optimum C/N ratio was about 30 : 1 in case that 1% glucose was supplemented to the basal medium as a carbon source.

Macrolepiota procera, one of edible mushrooms belongs to Agaricaceae of Basidiomycota, has a good taste and good medicinal value. As a preliminary study for the development of artificial cultivation method of edible mushroom, cultural characteristics of M. procera was investigated on various culture media under different environmental conditions. Mycelial growth was compared on culture media composed of various carbon and nitrogen sources, and C/N ratios. The optimal conditions for the mycelial growth were 30℃ and pH 7. M. procera showed the rapid mycelial growth in the PDA media. The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were maltose and glycine, respectively. The optimum C/N ratio was about 10 : 1 in case that 1% glucose was supplemented to the basal media as carbon source.

Blood echogenicity is changed by red blood cell aggregation due to hemodynamic and hematological factors depending on a person. A stroke is known as a cerebrovascular accident due to lack of the blood flow. Hence, an ultrasound blood imaging could be the preliminary diagnosis for the stroke patient. In this paper, ultrasound images were acquired from the common carotid artery of stroke patients and the control group by the ultrasound imaging system (Voluson e, GE Healthcare, USA). The numbers of subject were 6 stroke patients and 5 healthy people for the control group, and their ages were 67±17 and 68±3 years old, respectively. The average of blood echogenicity of the stroke patients (54±8) was lower than that of the control group (96±8). The amplitudes of the cycle variation of blood echogenicity were similar for both of the stroke patient (18±6) and the control group (23±6). The preliminary experimental results showed the statistical difference of blood echogenicity between the stroke patients and the c...